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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.54.1-17.54.7

Darius' Peace Proposal and Alexander's Rejection

Passage 659 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Darius proposes peace terms including the cession of territories west of the Halys and Euphrates rivers, but Alexander, rejecting Parmenion's advice, refuses them on the ground that the world cannot have two kings, and subsequently buries Darius' deceased wife with great honor.

§17.54.1περὶ δὲ διαλύσεως καὶ πρότερον μὲν ἐξέπεμψε πρεσβευτὰς πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον, ἐκχωρῶν αὐτῷ τῆς ἐντὸς Ἅλυος ποταμοῦ χώρας, καὶ προσεπηγγέλλετο δώσειν ἀργυρίου τάλαντα δισμύρια.
Concerning a settlement, he had previously sent ambassadors to Alexander, offering to cede to him the territory within the Halys River, and promising in addition to give twenty thousand talents of silver.
§17.54.2ὡς δʼ οὐ προσεῖχεν αὐτῷ, πάλιν ἐξέπεμψεν ἄλλους πρέσβεις, ἐπαινῶν μὲν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῷ καλῶς κεχρῆσθαι τῇ τε μητρὶ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις αἰχμαλώτοις, ἀξιῶν δὲ φίλον γενέσθαι καὶ λαβεῖν τὴν ἐντὸς Εὐφράτου χώραν καὶ τάλαντʼ ἀργυρίου τρισμύρια καὶ τὴν ἑτέραν τῶν ἑαυτοῦ θυγατέρων γυναῖκα, καθόλου δὲ γενόμενον γαμβρὸν καὶ τάξιν υἱοῦ λαβόντα καθάπερ κοινωνὸν γενέσθαι τῆς ὅλης βασιλείας.
But when he did not pay attention to him, he sent other ambassadors again, praising him on the one hand for having treated both his mother and the other captives well, and on the other hand requesting him to become a friend, to receive the territory within the Euphrates, thirty thousand talents of silver, and one of his daughters as his wife, and in general, having become his son-in-law and taken the status of a son, to become a partner in the entire kingdom.
§17.54.3ὁ δʼ Ἀλέξανδρος εἰς τὸ συνέδριον παραλαβὼν πάντας τοὺς φίλους καὶ περὶ τῶν προτιθεμένων αἱρέσεων ἀνακοινωσάμενος ἠξίου τὴν ἰδίαν γνώμην ἕκαστον μετὰ παρρησίας ἀποφήνασθαι.
Alexander, having summoned all his friends to the council and conferred with them about the proposed terms, requested each one to declare his own opinion with freedom of speech.
§17.54.4τῶν μὲν οὖν ἄλλων οὐδεὶς ἐτόλμα συμβουλεῦσαι διὰ τὸ μέγεθος τῆς ὑποκειμένης ζητήσεως, Παρμενίων δὲ πρῶτος εἶπεν, ἐγὼ μὲν ὢν Ἀλέξανδρος ἔλαβον ἂν τὰ διδόμενα καὶ τὴν σύνθεσιν ἐποιησάμην. §17.54.5ὁ δʼ Ἀλέξανδρος ὑπολαβὼν εἶπεν, κἀγὼ εἰ Παρμενίων ἦν ἔλαβον ἄν. καθόλου δὲ καὶ ἄλλοις μεγαλοψύχοις λόγοις χρησάμενος καὶ τοὺς μὲν λόγους τῶν Περσῶν ἀποδοκιμάσας, προτιμήσας δὲ τὴν εὐδοξίαν τῶν προτεινομένων δωρεῶν τοῖς μὲν πρέσβεσιν ἀπόκρισιν ἔδωκεν ὡς οὔθʼ ὁ κόσμος δυεῖν ἡλίων ὄντων τηρῆσαι δύναιτʼ ἂν τὴν ἰδίαν διακόσμησίν τε καὶ τάξιν οὔθʼ ἡ οἰκουμένη δύο βασιλέων ἐχόντων τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἀταράχως καὶ ἀστασιάστως διαμένειν ἂν δύναιτο.
Now, none of the others dared to give advice because of the magnitude of the question at issue, but Parmenion was the first to speak: "If I were Alexander, I would have accepted what is offered and made the treaty." Alexander replied: "And so would I, if I were Parmenion." In general, having used other high-minded words, and having rejected the proposals of the Persians, preferring glory to the offered gifts, he gave an answer to the ambassadors that neither could the universe preserve its own order and arrangement if there were two suns, nor could the inhabited world remain undisturbed and free from faction if two kings held the sovereignty.
§17.54.6διόπερ ἀπαγγέλλειν αὐτοὺς ἐκέλευσε τῷ Δαρείῳ, εἰ μὲν τῶν πρωτείων ὀρέγεται, διαμάχεσθαι πρὸς αὐτὸν περὶ τῆς τῶν ὅλων μοναρχίας· εἰ δὲ δόξης καταφρονῶν προκρίνει τὴν λυσιτέλειαν καὶ τὴν ἐκ τῆς ῥᾳστώνης τρυφήν, αὐτὸς μὲν Ἀλεξάνδρῳ ποιείτω τὰ προσταττόμενα, ἄλλων δὲ ἄρχων βασιλευέτω, συγχωρουμένης αὐτῷ τῆς ἐξουσίας ὑπὸ τῆς Ἀλεξάνδρου χρηστότητος.
Therefore, he ordered them to report to Darius that, if he aspired to the first place, he should fight to the end against him for the monarchy over the whole world; but if, despising glory, he preferred expediency and the luxury born of ease, he should do what was commanded by Alexander, and rule as king over others, with this authority being conceded to him by the generosity of Alexander.
§17.54.7τὸ δὲ συνέδριον διαλύσας καὶ τὴν δύναμιν ἀναλαβὼν προῆγεν ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων στρατοπεδείαν.
Having dissolved the council and taken up his force, he advanced toward the enemy's camp.
ἅμα δὲ τούτοις πραττομένοις τῆς τοῦ Δαρείου γυναικὸς ἀποθανούσης ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ἔθαψεν αὐτὴν μεγαλοπρεπῶς.
While these things were being done, Darius' wife died, and Alexander buried her magnificently.

Notes

  1. 17.54.4ὢν Ἀλέξανδρος — The participle ὢν functions as a conditional participle (equivalent to εἰ ἦν). In conjunction with the indicative past tense + ἄν in the main clause (ἔλαβον ἄν ... ἐποιησάμην), it forms a past contrafactual conditional sentence: "if I were Alexander."
  2. 17.54.5κἀγὼ εἰ Παρμενίων ἦν ἔλαβον ἄν — This responds to Parmenion's statement in the previous sentence. The conditional clause with ἦν (imperfect) represents a present contrafactual condition ("if I were Parmenion"), while the apodosis ἔλαβον ἄν (aorist + ἄν) expresses a past contrafactual result ("I would have accepted [it then]").
  3. 17.54.5δυεῖν ἡλίων ὄντων — This is a genitive absolute construction acting as a conditional clause: "if there were two suns." It corresponds to the potential optative with ἄν (ἂν δύναιτο) in the main clause to express an improbable or hypothetical assumption.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.54.1-17.54.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.54.1-17.54.7

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