Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.39.1-17.39.4

Darius's Peace Proposal and Alexander's Rejection

Passage 644 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Darius attempts to negotiate peace with Alexander by offering territorial concessions and ransom, but Alexander deceives his council and rejects the offer. Despairing of peace, Darius mobilizes a massive army twice the size of his previous force to prepare for war.

§17.39.1Δαρεῖος δὲ διανύσας εἰς Βαβυλῶνα καὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν Ἰσσῷ μάχης διασωζομένους ἀναλαβὼν οὐκ ἔπεσε τῷ φρονήματι, καίπερ μεγάλῃ περιπεπτωκὼς συμφορᾷ, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον ἔγραψεν ἀνθρωπίνως φέρειν τὴν εὐτυχίαν καὶ τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους ἀλλάξασθαι χρημάτων πλῆθος λαβόντα· προσετίθει δὲ καὶ τῆς Ἀσίας τὴν ἐντὸς Ἅλυος χώραν καὶ πόλεις συγχωρήσειν, ἐὰν βουληθῇ γενέσθαι φίλος.
Darius, having arrived in Babylon and recovered those who had survived the battle at Issus, did not lose heart, although he had met with a great disaster, but wrote to Alexander urging him to bear his good fortune as a mortal should, and to exchange the captives upon receiving a great sum of money; and he added that he would cede the territory within the Halys River and its cities in Asia, if he should wish to become his friend.
§17.39.2ὁ δʼ Ἀλέξανδρος συναγαγὼν τοὺς φίλους καὶ τὴν μὲν ἀληθινὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἀποκρυψάμενος, ἑτέραν δὲ γράψας ῥέπουσαν πρὸς τὸ ἑαυτῷ συμφέρον προσήνεγκε τοῖς συνέδροις καὶ τοὺς πρέσβεις ἀπράκτους ἐξαπέστειλεν.
But Alexander, having gathered his friends and concealed the true letter, wrote another tending to his own advantage and presented it to the councilors, and sent the ambassadors away empty-handed.
§17.39.3διόπερ ὁ Δαρεῖος ἀπογνοὺς τὴν διὰ τῶν ἐπιστολῶν σύνθεσιν παρασκευὰς μεγάλας ἐποιεῖτο πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον καὶ τοὺς μὲν κατὰ τὴν τροπὴν ἀποβεβληκότας τὰς πανοπλίας καθώπλιζεν, ἄλλους δʼ ἐπιλεγόμενος εἰς στρατιωτικὰς τάξεις κατέγραφε· τὰς δʼ ἐκ τῶν ἄνω σατραπειῶν δυνάμεις, ἃς ἀπολελοιπὼς ἦν διὰ τὴν ὀξύτητα τῆς στρατείας, μετεπέμπετο.
Therefore Darius, despairing of an agreement through letters, made great preparations for the war, and rearmed those who had lost their panoplies during the rout, and selecting others, registered them into the military ranks; moreover, he summoned the forces from the upper satrapies, which he had left behind because of the speed of his march.
§17.39.4καὶ τέλος τοσαύτην εἰσηνέγκατο σπουδὴν εἰς τὴν κατασκευὴν τῆς δυνάμεως ὥστε διπλασίαν γενέσθαι τῆς ἐν Ἰσσῷ παραταξαμένης· ὀγδοήκοντα μὲν γὰρ μυριάδες πεζῶν, εἴκοσι δʼ ἱππέων ἠθροίσθησαν καὶ χωρὶς ἁρμάτων δρεπανηφόρων πλῆθος.
And finally he put such great effort into the equipping of his force that it became double that which had drawn up for battle at Issus; for eighty tens of thousands of infantry and twenty tens of thousands of cavalry were assembled, besides a multitude of scythed chariots.
ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἐπράχθη κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν ἐνιαυτόν.
These things, then, were done during this year.

Notes

  1. §17.39.1ἀνθρωπίνως φέρειν τὴν εὐτυχίαν — The infinitives φέρειν and ἀλλάξασθαι express the advice or exhortation depending on the verb ἔγραψεν. The omitted subject accusative of these infinitives is coreferential with the addressee Alexander, as indicated by the masculine accusative singular participle λαβόντα.
  2. §17.39.1τῆς Ἀσίας τὴν ἐντὸς Ἅλυος χώραν — τῆς Ἀσίας is a partitive genitive qualifying τὴν ἐντὸς Ἅλυος χώραν, indicating 'the region of Asia within (i.e., west of) the Halys River'.
  3. §17.39.2ῥέπουσαν πρὸς τὸ ἑαυτῷ συμφέρον — The present participle ῥέπουσαν ('leaning') modifies the preceding feminine accusative ἑτέραν (referring to ἐπιστολήν). τὸ ἑαυτῷ συμφέρον is a substantivized neuter participle meaning 'what is advantageous to himself', where the reflexive pronoun in the dative ἑαυτῷ is governed by συμφέρον.
  4. §17.39.3ἀπολελοιπὼς ἦν — A periphrastic pluperfect formed by the perfect participle ἀπολελοιπώς and the imperfect ἦν, emphasizing the state of having already been left behind at the time of the rapid march.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.39.1-17.39.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.39.1-17.39.4

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.