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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.15.1-17.15.5

Alexander's Demand for the Orators and Peace with Athens

Passage 620 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Alexander demands that Athens hand over ten anti-Macedonian orators. Although Phocion advises self-sacrifice, the Athenians reject his proposal and instead send an embassy led by Demades, whose clever compromise successfully persuades Alexander to withdraw his demands and reconcile with Athens.

§17.15.1μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας ἐξαπέστειλε τοὺς ἐξαιτήσοντας τῶν ῥητόρων δέκα τοὺς κατʼ αὐτοῦ πεπολιτευμένους, ὧν ὑπῆρχον ἐπιφανέστατοι Δημοσθένης καὶ Λυκοῦργος.
After this, he dispatched envoys to Athens to demand the surrender of the ten orators who had opposed him in their political activities, of whom the most prominent were Demosthenes and Lycurgus.
συναχθείσης οὖν ἐκκλησίας καὶ τῶν πρεσβευτῶν εἰσαχθέντων εἰς τὸ πλῆθος ὁ μὲν δῆμος ἀκούσας τῶν λόγων εἰς πολλὴν ἀγωνίαν καὶ ἀπορίαν ἐνέπεσεν.
When the assembly had gathered and the envoys were introduced to the multitude, the people, having heard their demands, fell into great distress and perplexity.
ἅμα μὲν γὰρ ἔσπευδε τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἀξίωμα τηρεῖν, ἅμα δὲ διὰ τὴν Θηβαίων ἀπώλειαν ἐκπεπληγμένος τὸ δεινὸν περίφοβος καθειστήκει, νουθετούμενος τοῖς τῶν πλησιοχώρων ἀτυχήμασι.
For on the one hand, they were anxious to preserve the dignity of their city, but on the other hand, they were utterly terrified, being stunned by the horror of the destruction of the Thebans and taking warning from the misfortunes of their neighbors.
§17.15.2πολλῶν δὲ λόγων γινομένων κατὰ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν Φωκίων μὲν ὁ χρηστός, ἀντιπολιτευόμενος τοῖς περὶ τὸν Δημοσθένην, ἔφη δεῖν τοὺς ἐξαιτουμένους μιμήσασθαι τὰς Λεὼ κόρας καὶ τὰς Ὑακινθίδας καὶ τὸν θάνατον ἑκουσίως ὑπομεῖναι ἕνεκα τοῦ μηδὲν ἀνήκεστον παθεῖν τὴν πατρίδα καὶ τὴν ἀνανδρίαν καὶ δειλίαν ὠνείδιζε τῶν μὴ βουλομένων ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως τελευτᾶν·
As many speeches were being made in the assembly, Phocion the Good, who was politically opposed to Demosthenes and his party, said that those whose surrender was demanded ought to imitate the daughters of Leos and the daughters of Hyacinthus, and voluntarily submit to death so that their fatherland might suffer no irreparable harm, and he reproached the unmanliness and cowardice of those who were unwilling to die for the city.
ὁ δὲ δῆμος τοῦτον μὲν τοῖς θορύβοις ἐξέβαλε, προσάντως ἀκούων τοὺς λόγους,
But the people rejected him with clamor, listening to his words with hostility.
§17.15.3Δημοσθένους δὲ λόγον πεφροντισμένον διελθόντος ὁ δῆμος εἰς συμπάθειαν τῶν ἀνδρῶν προαχθεὶς φανερὸς ἦν σώζειν βουλόμενος τοὺς ἄνδρας.
When Demosthenes had delivered a carefully prepared speech, the people were moved to sympathy for the men, and it was evident that they wished to save them.
ἐπὶ τελευτῆς δὲ Δημάδης, πεπεισμένος ὑπὸ τῶν περὶ Δημοσθένην, ὥς φασι, πέντε ταλάντοις ἀργυρίου, συνεβούλευε μὲν σώζειν τοὺς κινδυνεύοντας, παρανέγνω δὲ ψήφισμα γεγραμμένον φιλοτέχνως· περιεῖχε γὰρ παραίτησιν τῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ κολάζειν κατὰ τοὺς νόμους, ἂν ὦσιν ἄξιοι τιμωρίας.
Finally, Demades, who had been persuaded, as they say, by Demosthenes and his party with five talents of silver, advised that they should save those who were in danger, and read a decree drafted with great art; for it contained a petition for the men and a promise to punish them according to the laws if they should be worthy of punishment.
§17.15.4ὁ μὲν οὖν δῆμος ἀποδεξάμενος τὴν ἐπίνοιαν τοῦ Δημάδου τό τε ψήφισμα ἐκύρωσε καὶ τὸν Δημάδην μεθʼ ἑτέρων ἀπέστειλε πρεσβευτὴν πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα, δοὺς ἐντολὴν καὶ περὶ τῶν Θηβαίων φυγάδων ἀξιῶσαι τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον συγχωρῆσαι τῷ δήμῳ τοὺς πεφευγότας Θηβαίους ὑποδέχεσθαι.
The people, therefore, welcomed the plan of Demades, ratified the decree, and dispatched Demades with others as ambassadors to the king, giving instructions also to petition Alexander regarding the Theban exiles, that he should allow the people to harbor those Thebans who had fled.
§17.15.5ὁ δὲ Δημάδης πρεσβεύσας καὶ τῇ τοῦ λόγου δεινότητι πάντα κατεργασάμενος ἔπεισε τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον ἀπολῦσαι τοὺς ἄνδρας τῶν ἐγκλημάτων καὶ τἄλλα πάντα συγχωρῆσαι τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις.
Demades, having served as ambassador and accomplished everything by the power of his eloquence, persuaded Alexander to release the men from the charges and to concede all other matters to the Athenians.

Notes

  1. 17.15.1τοὺς ἐξαιτήσοντας τῶν ῥητόρων δέκα τοὺς κατʼ αὐτοῦ πεπολιτευμένους — The future participle ἐξαιτήσοντας expresses purpose. Structurally, δέκα (ten) is the object of the substantivized participle, modified by the partitive genitive τῶν ῥητόρων (of the orators) and further defined by the attributive participle phrase τοὺς κατʼ αὐτοῦ πεπολιτευμένους (those who had engaged in politics against him).
  2. 17.15.1ἐκπεπληγμένος τὸ δεινὸν — The passive participle ἐκπεπληγμένος is accompanied by the accusative of respect (or internal accusative) τὸ δεινὸν (the terror/horror), meaning 'completely overwhelmed/shocked by the terror'.
  3. 17.15.2ἕνεκα τοῦ μηδὲν ἀνήκεστον παθεῖν τὴν πατρίδα — An expression of purpose or cause using ἕνεκα and the genitive articular infinitive τοῦ παθεῖν. The subject of the infinitive παθεῖν is the accusative τὴν πατρίδα, and its object is μηδὲν ἀνήκεστον (no irreparable harm).
  4. 17.15.3φανερὸς ἦν σώζειν βουλόμενος — A personal construction of φανερός εἰμι with a participle (βουλόμενος), meaning 'it was obvious/manifest that he [the demos] wished to save'.
  5. 17.15.4ἀξιῶσαι τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον συγχωρῆσαι τῷ δήμῳ τοὺς πεφευγότας Θηβαίους ὑποδέχεσθαι — A nested infinitive structure: ἀξιῶσαι (to petition, depending on ἐντολὴν) has the envoys as its implied subject; its object/subject of the next infinitive is τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον, who is to συγχωρῆσαι (allow/concede); συγχωρῆσαι in turn takes the dative τῷ δήμῳ (the people) and the complementary infinitive ὑποδέχεσθαι (to harbor), which has τοὺς πεφευγότας Θηβαίους as its direct object.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.15.1-17.15.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.15.1-17.15.5

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