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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.14.1-17.14.4

The Greek Council's Decree to Destroy Thebes

Passage 619 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Alexander leaves the fate of Thebes to the common council of the Greeks, which, driven by long-standing hostility, votes for the total destruction of the city, the enslavement of its citizens, and the banishment of its exiles, a decree that the king carries out.

§17.14.1τῶν δὲ Θηβαίων ἀνῃρέθησαν μὲν ὑπὲρ τοὺς ἑξακισχιλίους, αἰχμάλωτα δὲ σώματα συνήχθη πλείω τῶν τρισμυρίων, χρημάτων δὲ ἄπιστον πλῆθος διεφορήθη.
Of the Thebans, more than six thousand were slain, and over thirty thousand captives were gathered together, while an unbelievable amount of wealth was plundered.
ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς τοὺς μὲν τελευτήσαντας τῶν Μακεδόνων ἔθαψε, πλείους ὄντας τῶν πεντακοσίων, τοὺς δὲ συνέδρους τῶν Ἑλλήνων συναγαγὼν ἐπέτρεψε τῷ κοινῷ συνεδρίῳ πῶς χρηστέον τῇ πόλει τῶν Θηβαίων.
The king buried those of the Macedonians who had died, being more than five hundred, and having assembled the delegates of the Greeks, he left it to the common council to decide how they should deal with the city of the Thebans.
§17.14.2προτεθείσης οὖν βουλῆς τῶν ἀλλοτρίως διακειμένων τοῖς Θηβαίοις τινὲς ἐπεχείρουν συμβουλεύειν ἀπαραιτήτοις τιμωρίαις δεῖν περιβαλεῖν αὐτούς, ἀπεδείκνυον δʼ αὐτοὺς τὰ τῶν βαρβάρων πεφρονηκότας κατὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων· καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ Ξέρξου συμμαχοῦντας τοῖς Πέρσαις ἐστρατευκέναι κατὰ τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ μόνους τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὡς εὐεργέτας τιμᾶσθαι παρὰ τοῖς βασιλεῦσι τῶν Περσῶν καὶ πρὸ τῶν βασιλέων τοῖς πρεσβεύουσι τῶν Θηβαίων τίθεσθαι θρόνους.
Therefore, when a discussion was proposed, some of those who were hostilely disposed toward the Thebans attempted to advise that they must be visited with unsparing punishments, and pointed out that they had sided with the barbarians against the Greeks; for indeed, in the time of Xerxes, they had allied themselves with the Persians and campaigned against Greece, and alone of the Greeks they were honored as benefactors by the kings of the Persians, and seats were set before the kings for the ambassadors of the Thebans.
§17.14.3πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἄλλα τοιαῦτα διελθόντες παρώξυναν τὰς τῶν συνέδρων ψυχὰς κατὰ τῶν Θηβαίων καὶ πέρας ἐψηφίσαντο τὴν μὲν πόλιν κατασκάψαι, τοὺς δʼ αἰχμαλώτους ἀποδόσθαι, τοὺς δὲ φυγάδας τῶν Θηβαίων ἀγωγίμους ὑπάρχειν ἐξ ἁπάσης τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ μηδένα τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὑποδέχεσθαι Θηβαῖον.
By recounting many other such things, they incited the minds of the delegates against the Thebans, and finally voted to raze the city to the ground, to sell the captives, to make the Theban exiles liable to arrest and extradition throughout all Greece, and that no Greek should harbor a Theban.
§17.14.4ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἀκολούθως τῇ τοῦ συνεδρίου γνώμῃ τὴν μὲν πόλιν κατασκάψας πολὺν ἐπέστησε φόβον τοῖς ἀφισταμένοις τῶν Ἑλλήνων, τοὺς δʼ αἰχμαλώτους λαφυροπωλήσας ἤθροισεν ἀργυρίου τάλαντα τετρακόσια καὶ τεσσαράκοντα.
The king, in accordance with the resolution of the council, razed the city, thereby inspiring great fear in those of the Greeks who were revolting, and by selling the captives as booty, he collected four hundred and forty talents of silver.

Notes

  1. §17.14.1πῶς χρηστέον — The verbal adjective `χρηστέον` (derived from `χράομαι`, 'to treat/deal with') is used impersonally with the copula (`εἰμί`) omitted. The object of the action is expressed in the dative `τῇ πόλει`, meaning 'how they should deal with the city'.
  2. §17.14.2ἀπεδείκνυον δʼ αὐτοὺς τὰ τῶν βαρβάρων πεφρονηκότας — The verb `ἀπεδείκνυον` ('pointed out/proved') takes an accusative object (`αὐτούς`, referring to the Thebans) and a supplementary participle (`πεφρονηκότας`, 'having minded the interests of'), meaning 'they pointed out that they had sided with the barbarians'.
  3. §17.14.2ἐστρατευκέναι ... τιμᾶσθαι ... τίθεσθαι — These infinitives (perfect and present) function in indirect discourse after `καὶ γάρ` ('for indeed'), reporting the assertions of the accusers, with the subject ('they') understood from the context.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.14.1-17.14.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.14.1-17.14.4

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