§15.85.1ἀμφοτέρων δὲ προθύμως συγκαταβάντων εἰς τὸν ὑπὲρ τῶν ὅλων ἀγῶνα, καὶ διαταχθέντων τῶν στρατοπέδων, οἱ μὲν μάντεις σφαγιασάμενοι παρʼ ἀμφοτέροις ἀπεφαίνοντο τὴν νίκην ὑπὸ τῶν θεῶν προφαινομένην·
When both sides had eagerly descended into the contest for the whole and the armies had been drawn up, the seers on both sides, having offered sacrifices, declared that victory was being foretold by the gods.
§15.85.2κατὰ δὲ τὴν τάξιν Μαντινεῖς μὲν μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων Ἀρκάδων τὸ δεξιὸν ἐπεῖχον κέρας, ἔχοντες παραστάτας καὶ συναγωνιστὰς Λακεδαιμονίους, τούτοις δὲ συνεχεῖς ἦσαν Ἠλεῖοι καὶ Ἀχαιοί, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων οἱ καταδεέστεροι τὴν μέσην ἐπεῖχον τάξιν· τὸ δʼ εὐώνυμον κέρας ἀνεπλήρουν Ἀθηναῖοι.
According to the disposition, the Mantineans indeed, along with the other Arcadians, held the right wing, having the Lacedaemonians as supporters and fellow combatants, and next to these were the Eleans and Achaeans, while those of the others who were inferior held the center position; and the Athenians filled the left wing.
Θηβαῖοι δʼ αὐτοὶ μὲν ἐπὶ τὸ εὐώνυμον κέρας ἐτάχθησαν, παραστάτας ἔχοντες Ἀρκάδας, τὸ δὲ δεξιὸν παρέδωκαν Ἀργείοις· τὸ δὲ ἄλλο πλῆθος ἀνεπλήρου τὴν μέσην τάξιν, Εὐβοεῖς καὶ Λοκροὶ καὶ Σικυώνιοι, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις Μεσσήνιοι καὶ Μαλιεῖς καὶ Αἰνιᾶνες, ἔτι δὲ καὶ Θετταλοὶ καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ σύμμαχοι.
The Thebans themselves were stationed on the left wing, having Arcadians as supporters, and they assigned the right to the Argives; and the rest of the multitude filled the center position, namely Euboeans, Locrians, and Sicyonians, and in addition to these, Messenians, Malians, and Aenianes, and furthermore Thessalians and the remaining allies.
τοὺς δʼ ἱππεῖς ἐφʼ ἑκατέρων τῶν κεράτων ἀμφότεροι διείλοντο.
Both sides divided the cavalry on each of the wings.
§15.85.3τῶν δὲ στρατευμάτων τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον τεταγμένων, ὡς ἤδη πλησίον ὑπῆρχον ἀλλήλων, αἱ μὲν σάλπιγγες τὸ πολεμικὸν ἐσήμαινον, αἱ δὲ δυνάμεις ἠλάλαξαν καὶ τῷ μεγέθει τῆς βοῆς τὴν νίκην ἐσήμαινον.
The armies having been drawn up in this manner, when they were already near one another, the trumpets sounded the charge, and the forces raised the war-cry and by the magnitude of the shout portended victory.
καὶ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἱππομαχίαν ἐν τοῖς κέρασι συνεστήσαντο, καθʼ ἣν ταῖς φιλοτιμίαις ἑαυτοὺς ὑπερεβάλοντο.
And at first they engaged in a cavalry battle on the wings, in which they surpassed each other in their rivalries.
§15.85.4οἱ μὲν γὰρ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἱππεῖς τοῖς τῶν Θηβαίων ἐπελάσαντες ἠλαττοῦντο οὐχ οὕτω ταῖς τῶν ἵππων ἀρεταῖς οὐδὲ ταῖς ἰδίαις εὐψυχίαις οὐδὲ ταῖς κατὰ τὴν ἱππικὴν ἐμπειρίαις· ἐν γὰρ τούτοις ἅπασιν οὐκ ἦν καταδεέστερον τὸ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἱππικόν· τῷ δὲ πλήθει καὶ τῇ παρασκευῇ τῶν ψιλῶν καὶ τῇ στρατηγικῇ συντάξει πολὺ τῶν ἐναντίων ἐλείποντο.
For the Athenian cavalry, having charged those of the Thebans, were at a disadvantage, not so much because of the qualities of their horses, nor because of their own courage, nor because of their skills in horsemanship—for in all these things the Athenian cavalry was not inferior—but they fell far short of their opponents in number, in the preparation of the light-armed troops, and in tactical organization.
αὐτοὶ μὲν οὖν ὀλίγους εἶχον ἀκοντιστάς, οἱ δὲ Θηβαῖοι τριπλασίους σφενδονήτας καὶ ἀκοντιστὰς τοὺς ἐκ τῶν περὶ τὴν Θετταλίαν τόπων ἀπεσταλμένους.
They themselves, then, had few javelin-throwers, while the Thebans had three times as many slingers and javelin-throwers, those sent from the regions around Thessaly.
§15.85.5οὗτοι περιττότερον ἐκ παίδων ζηλοῦντες τὴν ἐν τούτοις μάχην, μεγάλην ῥοπὴν ποιεῖν εἰώθεισαν ἐν ταῖς μάχαις διὰ τὴν ἐν τούτοις ἐμπειρίαν.
These, practicing the fighting in these roles in an extraordinary degree from childhood, were accustomed to make a great difference in battles because of their experience in these things.
διόπερ οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι κατατιτρωσκόμενοι μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν ψιλικῶν, καταπονούμενοι δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνθεστηκότων, ἅπαντες ἐτράπησαν.
Therefore the Athenians, being wounded by the light-armed troops and being hard pressed by those facing them, all turned to flight.
§15.85.6τὴν δὲ φυγὴν ἐκτὸς τῶν κεράτων ποιησάμενοι διωρθώσαντο τὴν ἧτταν· ἅμα μὲν γὰρ κατὰ τὴν ἀποχώρησιν οὐκ ἐτάραξαν τὴν ἰδίαν φάλαγγα, ἅμα δὲ περιπεσόντες Εὐβοεῦσι καὶ μισθοφόροις τισὶν ἀπεσταλμένοις ἐπὶ τὴν κατάληψιν τῶν πλησίον λόφων, συνάψαντες αὐτοῖς μάχην ἅπαντας ἀπέκτειναν.
By making their flight outside of the wings, they corrected their defeat; for at the same time during their retreat they did not throw their own phalanx into confusion, and falling upon some Euboeans and mercenaries who had been sent to occupy the nearby hills, they joined battle with them and killed them all.
§15.85.7οἱ δὲ τῶν Θηβαίων ἱππεῖς τοὺς μὲν φεύγοντας οὐκ ἐπεδίωξαν, ἐπὶ δὲ τὴν φάλαγγα τῶν ἀντιτεταγμένων ἐπελάσαντες ἐφιλοτιμοῦντο παραλλάξαι τοὺς πεζούς.
The Theban cavalry did not pursue those who fled, but charging against the phalanx of those drawn up opposite them, they eagerly strove to outflank the infantry.
ἰσχυρᾶς δὲ μάχης γενομένης, καὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων καταπονουμένων καὶ πρὸς φυγὴν ὁρμησάντων, ὁ τῶν Ἠλείων ἵππαρχος ἐπὶ τῆς οὐραγίας τεταγμένος ἐπεβοήθησε τοῖς φεύγουσι, καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν Βοιωτῶν καταβαλὼν παλίντροπον ἐποίησε τὴν μάχην.
A fierce battle having taken place, and the Athenians being hard pressed and having started to flee, the cavalry commander of the Eleans, stationed at the rear, came to the aid of those fleeing, and having struck down many of the Boeotians, he turned the course of the battle.
§15.85.8οἱ μὲν οὖν τῶν Ἠλείων ἱππεῖς τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον ἐπιφανέντες τῷ λαιῷ κέρατι τὸ γεγονὸς περὶ τοὺς συμμάχους ἐλάττωμα διωρθώσαντο· ἐπὶ δὲ θατέρου κέρατος ἐπιρραξάντων ἀλλήλοις τῶν ἱππέων βραχὺν χρόνον ἡ μάχη διέμεινεν ἰσόρροπος, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα διά τε τὸ πλῆθος καὶ τὴν ἀρετὴν τῶν Βοιωτῶν καὶ Θετταλῶν ἱππέων οἱ μετὰ τῶν Μαντινέων ὄντες ἐβιάσθησαν, καὶ συχνοὺς ἀποβαλόντες κατέφυγον πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν φάλαγγα.
So the Elean cavalry, appearing in this manner on the left wing, corrected the setback that had occurred concerning their allies; but on the other wing, the cavalry having clashed with one another, the battle remained evenly balanced for a short time, but after this, because of both the number and the valor of the Boeotian and Thessalian cavalry, those with the Mantineans were forced back, and having lost many men, they fled to their own phalanx.