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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §15.3.1-15.3.6

Evagoras' Blockade and Defeat at Sea

Passage 415 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Evagoras caused a severe food shortage in the Persian camp by intercepting their supplies and initially gained the upper hand in a naval battle, but was ultimately defeated by the Persian fleet under Glos.

§15.3.1οὗτος μὲν οὖν τοσαύτας ἀφορμὰς ἔχων τεθαρρηκότως συγκατέβαινεν εἰς τὸν πόλεμον.
Having, therefore, so many resources, he entered into the war with confidence.
καὶ πρῶτον μὲν λῃστρικὰς ἔχων ναῦς οὐκ ὀλίγας ἐφήδρευσε ταῖς κομιζομέναις τῶν πολεμίων ἀγοραῖς, καὶ τὰς μὲν αὐτῶν διέφθειρεν ἐν θαλάττῃ, τὰς δὲ διεκώλυσεν, ἐνίας δὲ ἀφείλατο.
And first, having not a few privateer ships, he lay in wait for the provisions being brought for the enemy, and some of them he destroyed at sea, some he blocked, and some he took for himself.
διὸ καὶ τῶν ἐμπόρων μὴ τολμώντων εἰς τὴν Κύπρον παρακομίζειν σῖτον, μεγάλων δὲ δυνάμεων ἠθροισμένων εἰς τὴν νῆσον, ταχὺ σιτοδεία κατέσχε τὸ τῶν Περσῶν στρατόπεδον.
Consequently, since the merchants did not dare to convey grain to Cyprus, and large forces had been gathered on the island, a scarcity of food quickly gripped the camp of the Persians.
§15.3.2τῆς δʼ ἀπορίας γενομένης εἰς στάσιν, οἱ μισθοφόροι τῶν Περσῶν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἡγεμόνας ὁρμήσαντες καί τινας ἀνελόντες ταραχῆς καὶ στάσεως ἐνέπλησαν τὸ στρατόπεδον.
When the shortage turned into mutiny, the mercenaries of the Persians rushed upon their commanders, and having killed some of them, they filled the camp with tumult and sedition.
μόγις δʼ οἱ στρατηγοὶ τῶν Περσῶν καὶ ὁ τῆς ναυτικῆς δυνάμεως ἡγούμενος, ὀνομαζόμενος δὲ Γλῶς, κατέπαυσαν τὴν στάσιν.
With difficulty, the generals of the Persians and the leader of the naval force, named Glos, put an end to the mutiny.
§15.3.3πλεύσαντες δὲ τῷ παντὶ στόλῳ καὶ σίτου πλῆθος ἐκ τῆς Κιλικίας παρακομίσαντες, πολλὴν παρεῖχον τῆς τροφῆς δαψίλειαν.
Sailing with their entire fleet and bringing a great quantity of grain from Cilicia, they provided an abundance of food.
τῷ δʼ Εὐαγόρᾳ σίτου πλῆθος ἱκανὸν ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἄκορις ἐκ τῆς Αἰγύπτου παρεκόμισε, καὶ χρήματα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν ἱκανὴν ἐξέπεμψεν.
On the other hand, King Acoris conveyed a sufficient amount of grain to Evagoras from Egypt, and sent him money and other sufficient equipment.
§15.3.4ὁ δʼ Εὐαγόρας ὁρῶν ἑαυτὸν πολὺ λειπόμενον τῇ ναυτικῇ δυνάμει, ἑξήκοντα μὲν ναῦς ἄλλας προσεπλήρωσε, πεντήκοντα δὲ παρὰ Ἀκόριδος ἐξ Αἰγύπτου μετεπέμψατο, ὥστε τὰς πάσας ἔχειν τριήρεις διακοσίας.
Evagoras, seeing himself far inferior in naval strength, manned sixty additional ships and summoned fifty more from Egypt from Acoris, so that he had two hundred triremes in all.
ταύτας δὲ κοσμήσας πρὸς ναυμαχίαν καταπληκτικῶς, καὶ συνεχεῖς διαπείρας καὶ γυμνασίας ποιούμενος, ἡτοιμάζετο πρὸς ναυμαχίαν.
Having equipped these in an impressive manner for a sea battle, and carrying out continuous trials and training, he made preparations for a naval battle.
διὸ καὶ τοῦ βασιλικοῦ στόλου παραπλέοντος εἰς Κίτιον, ἀπροσδοκήτως ἐπιπλεύσας ταῖς ναυσὶ πολλὰ τῶν Περσῶν ἐπλεονέκτει.
Therefore, when the royal fleet was sailing along towards Citium, he made an unexpected attack with his ships and gained a great advantage over the Persians.
§15.3.5ἐπέβαλε γὰρ συντεταγμέναις ναυσὶν ἐπὶ ἀσυντάκτους, καὶ προβεβουλευμένοις ἀνδράσι πρὸς ἀπροσδοκήτους ἀγωνιζόμενος εὐθὺς ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ συστάσει τὴν νίκην προκατεσκεύασεν· ἀθρόαις γὰρ ταῖς τριήρεσιν ἐπιπλεύσας ἐπὶ διεσπαρμένας καὶ τεταραγμένας, ἃς μὲν διέφθειρεν, ἃς δʼ ἐχειροῦτο.
For attacking with organized ships against unorganized ones, and fighting with men who had planned beforehand against those who were unprepared, he secured victory immediately in the first encounter; for falling with his triremes in a body upon those that were scattered and thrown into confusion, he destroyed some and captured others.
§15.3.6ὅμως δὲ τοῦ τε ναυάρχου τῶν Περσῶν Γλῶ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἡγεμόνων γενναίως ὑποστάντων, ἐγένετο ναυμαχία καρτερά, καθʼ ἣν ὁ Εὐαγόρας τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ὑπερεῖχεν, ὕστερον δὲ τοῦ Γλῶ μετὰ τοῦ βάρους ἐπενεχθέντος καὶ γενναίως ἀγωνισαμένου συνέβη φυγεῖν τοὺς περὶ τὸν Εὐαγόραν καὶ πολλὰς τῶν τριήρων ἀποβαλεῖν.
Nevertheless, since Glos, the admiral of the Persians, and the other commanders stood their ground bravely, a fierce naval battle took place, in which Evagoras at first had the upper hand; but later, when Glos fell upon them with the main weight of his fleet and fought bravely, it happened that those around Evagoras fled and lost many of their triremes.

Notes

  1. 15.3.1ταῖς κομιζομέναις τῶν πολεμίων ἀγοραῖς — The noun ἀγορά here means 'provisions' or 'supplies' rather than 'marketplaces.' The present passive participle κομιζομέναις modifies ἀγοραῖς, and the genitive τῶν πολεμίων indicates the beneficiaries of the supplies (provisions carried for the enemy).
  2. 15.3.1τῶν ἐμπόρων μὴ τολμώντων ... μεγάλων δὲ δυνάμεων ἠθροισμένων — Two genitive absolute constructions (the present participle τολμώντων and the perfect participle ἠθροισμένων) are coordinated, both expressing the cause for the main clause σιτοδεία κατέσχε.
  3. 15.3.6τοῦ Γλῶ — The name Γλῶς (Glos) follows the Attic second declension, and τοῦ Γλῶ is its genitive singular form, functioning here as the logical subject of the genitive absolute construction.
  4. 15.3.6μετὰ τοῦ βάρους — The noun βάρος (weight) is used here in a concrete military sense to refer to the 'main body' or the 'overwhelming force' of the fleet.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §15.3.1-15.3.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:15.3.1-15.3.6

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