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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §14.56.1-14.56.6

Himilco's Advance on Messene and the Division of Its Citizens

Passage 350 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Himilco prepares to march against Messene, securing alliances and Lipara along the way. Upon hearing of his arrival, the inhabitants of Messene are divided between those who flee in despair and those who resolve to fight, inspired by an ancient oracle.

§14.56.1Ἰμίλκων δὲ τῶν πραγμάτων προχωρούντων κατὰ γνώμην παρεσκευάζετο τὴν στρατιὰν ἀνάγειν ἐπὶ Μεσσήνης, σπεύδων αὐτῆς κυριεῦσαι διὰ τὴν εὐκαιρίαν τῶν τόπων· ὅ τε γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ λιμὴν εὔθετος ἦν, δυνάμενος δέχεσθαι πάσας τὰς ναῦς, οὔσας πλείω τῶν ἑξακοσίων, τά τε περὶ τὸν πορθμὸν οἰκεῖα ποιησάμενος Ἰμίλκων ἤλπιζε τὰς τῶν Ἰταλιωτῶν βοηθείας ἐμφράξειν καὶ τοὺς ἐκ Πελοποννήσου στόλους ἐπισχεῖν.
Himilco, as his affairs were proceeding according to his mind, prepared to lead his army against Messene, being eager to make himself master of it because of the convenience of the site; for the harbor in it was well-situated, being able to receive all the ships, which were more than six hundred, and Himilco hoped that, by making the region of the strait his own, he would block the aid from the Italian Greeks and hold back the fleets from the Peloponnese.
§14.56.2ταῦτα δὲ διανοηθεὶς πράττειν, πρὸς τοὺς μὲν Ἱμεραίους καὶ τοὺς τὸ Κεφαλοίδιον φρούριον κατοικοῦντας φιλίαν ἐποιήσατο, Λιπάρας δὲ τῆς πόλεως ἐγκρατὴς γενόμενος τριάκοντα τάλαντα παρὰ τῶν κατοικούντων τὴν νῆσον ἐπράξατο· αὐτὸς δὲ μετὰ πάσης τῆς δυνάμεως ὥρμησεν ἐπὶ Μεσσήνης, συμπαραπλεουσῶν αὐτῷ τῶν νεῶν.
Having resolved to do these things, he made a friendship with the Himeraeans and those who inhabited the fortress of Cephaloedium, and having made himself master of the city of Lipara, he exacted thirty talents from the inhabitants of the island; and he himself set out with all his forces against Messene, while the ships sailed along with him.
§14.56.3καὶ ταχὺ διανύσας τὴν ὁδὸν κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἐπὶ τῆς Πελωρίδος, ἀπέχων τῆς Μεσσήνης σταδίους ἑκατόν.
And having quickly accomplished the journey, he encamped at Peloris, at a distance of a hundred stades from Messene.
οἱ δὲ τὴν πόλιν ταύτην κατοικοῦντες ὡς ἐπύθοντο τὴν παρουσίαν τῶν πολεμίων, οὐ τὰς αὐτὰς ἀλλήλοις ἐννοίας εἶχον περὶ τοῦ πολέμου.
But the inhabitants of this city, when they learned of the presence of the enemy, did not hold the same opinions as one another regarding the war.
§14.56.4τινὲς μὲν γὰρ αὐτῶν τὸ μέγεθος τῆς τῶν πολεμίων δυνάμεως ἀκούοντες, καὶ τὴν ἐρημίαν τῶν συμμάχων ὁρῶντες, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τῶν ἰδίων ἱππέων ἐν Συρακούσαις ὄντων, ἀπεγνώκεισαν τὴν ἐκ τῆς πολιορκίας σωτηρίαν.
For some of them, hearing of the magnitude of the enemy's force, and seeing the absence of allies, and moreover since their own cavalry was in Syracuse, despaired of safety from the siege.
μάλιστα δʼ αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀθυμίαν ἦγε τὰ τείχη καταπεπτωκότα καὶ ὁ καιρὸς εἰς παρασκευὴν οὐ διδοὺς ἄνεσιν.
What brought them into despondency most of all was that the walls had fallen down, and the crisis did not grant any ease for preparation.
διόπερ ἐξεκόμιζον ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τέκνα καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ τὰ πολυτελέστατα τῶν χρημάτων εἰς τὰς ἀστυγείτονας πόλεις.
Therefore, they were conveying children, wives, and the most valuable of their possessions out of the city into the neighboring cities.
§14.56.5τινὲς δὲ τῶν Μεσσηνίων ἀκούοντές τι παλαιὸν αὐτοῖς εἶναι λόγιον, ὅτι δεῖ Καρχηδονίους ὑδροφορῆσαι κατὰ τὴν πόλιν, ἐξεδέχοντο τὸ κατὰ τὴν φήμην πρὸς τὸ συμφέρον ἑαυτοῖς, νομίζοντες δουλεύσειν ἐν Μεσσήνῃ τοὺς Καρχηδονίους.
But some of the Messenians, hearing that there was an ancient oracle of theirs, that "the Carthaginians must carry water in the city," interpreted the rumor in their own interest, thinking that the Carthaginians would serve as slaves in Messene.
§14.56.6διὸ καὶ ταῖς ψυχαῖς εὐθαρσεῖς ὄντες πολλοὺς καὶ τῶν ἄλλων προθύμους ἐποιοῦντο εἰς τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐλευθερίας κινδύνους.
Therefore, being courageous in their souls, they also made many of the others eager for the dangers on behalf of freedom.
εὐθέως δὲ τῶν νεωτέρων ἐπιλέξαντες τοὺς ἀρίστους ἀπέστειλαν ἐπὶ τὴν Πελωρίδα, κωλύσοντας τοὺς πολεμίους ἐπιβαίνειν τῆς χώρας.
And immediately selecting the best of the younger men, they dispatched them to Peloris to prevent the enemy from setting foot on the land.

Notes

  1. 14.56.1οὔσας πλείω τῶν ἑξακοσίων — The present participle οὔσας is feminine plural accusative, agreeing in gender, number, and case with the preceding noun πάσας τὰς ναῦς, adding an circumstantial explanation: 'which were more than six hundred.'
  2. 14.56.1τά τε περὶ τὸν πορθμὸν οἰκεῖα ποιησάμενος — The neuter plural adjective οἰκεῖα (one's own, friendly) is used with the participle of the middle voice of ποιέω (ποιησάμενος, meaning 'to make for oneself'), expressing the means: 'by making the region around the strait his own (under his control).'
  3. 14.56.4μάλιστα δʼ αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀθυμίαν ἦγε τὰ τείχη καταπεπτωκότα καὶ ὁ καιρὸς — Although there are two subjects, the neuter plural noun in the nominative (τὰ τείχη) and the masculine singular noun in the nominative (ὁ καιρὸς), the main verb ἦγε is in the third person singular. This is either because the verb agrees with the nearer subject (ὁ καιρὸς) or the subjects are conceived as a single collective idea.
  4. 14.56.5ὅτι δεῖ Καρχηδονίους ὑδροφορῆσαι κατὰ τὴν πόλιν — A noun clause introduced by ὅτι, explaining the content of the oracle (λόγιον). It uses the accusative and infinitive construction with the impersonal verb δεῖ (accusative Καρχηδονίους + infinitive ὑδροφορῆσαι), translating literally as 'that the Carthaginians must carry water in the city.' Since carrying water (ὑδροφορία) was a typical chore of slaves, the Messenians interpreted this as a prophecy that the Carthaginians would become slaves.
  5. 14.56.6κωλύσοντας τοὺς πολεμίους ἐπιβαίνειν τῆς χώρας — The future participle κωλύσοντας agrees with the preceding noun (τοὺς ἀρίστους, the object of ἀπέστειλαν) and expresses purpose ('in order to prevent'). The verb κωλύω takes the construction of 'prevent [accusative] from doing [infinitive]', here meaning 'to prevent the enemy from setting foot on the territory.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §14.56.1-14.56.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:14.56.1-14.56.6

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