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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.96.1-13.96.5

Dionysius Becoming Tyrant and Securing Rule

Passage 275 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Dionysius secures his position as tyrant of Syracuse by arming supporters, winning over mercenaries, dismissing Dexippus, arranging marriages with elite families, and executing his political opponents. Meanwhile, the Carthaginians plunder the city, spend the winter there, and prepare to attack Gela in the spring.

§13.96.1εὐθὺ γὰρ τοὺς χρημάτων μὲν ἐνδεεῖς, τῇ δὲ ψυχῇ θρασεῖς ἐπιλέξας, ὑπὲρ τοὺς χιλίους, ὅπλοις τε πολυτελέσι καθώπλισε καὶ ταῖς μεγίσταις ἐπαγγελίαις ἐμετεώρισε, τοὺς δὲ μισθοφόρους ἀνακαλούμενος καὶ φιλανθρώποις λόγοις χρώμενος ἰδίους κατεσκεύαζεν.
For he straightway selected men who were destitute of means but bold in spirit, over a thousand in number, equipped them with costly armor, and buoyed them up with the greatest promises; and by summoning the mercenaries and using friendly words, he made them his own.
μετετίθει δὲ καὶ τὰς τάξεις, τοῖς πιστοτάτοις τὰς ἡγεμονίας παραδιδούς, καὶ Δέξιππον τὸν Λακεδαιμόνιον ἀπέλυσεν εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα· ὑφεωρᾶτο γὰρ τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον, μὴ καιροῦ λαμβανόμενος ἀνακτήσηται τοῖς Συρακοσίοις τὴν ἐλευθερίαν.
He also changed the military posts, delivering the commands to his most faithful supporters, and dismissed Dexippus the Lacedaemonian to Greece; for he viewed this man with suspicion, fearing that if he found an opportunity, he might win back their freedom for the Syracusans.
§13.96.2μετεπέμψατο δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἐν Γέλᾳ μισθοφόρους, καὶ πανταχόθεν συνῆγε τοὺς φυγάδας καὶ ἀσεβεῖς, ἐλπίζων διὰ τούτων βεβαιότατα τηρηθήσεσθαι τὴν τυραννίδα.
He also summoned the mercenaries in Gela, and gathered from all quarters the exiles and the impious, hoping that through these his tyranny would be most securely guarded.
οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ παραγενόμενος εἰς Συρακούσας κατεσκήνωσεν ἐν τῷ ναυστάθμῳ, φανερῶς αὑτὸν ἀναδείξας τύραννον.
Nay more, on coming to Syracuse he took up quarters in the dockyard, openly declaring himself tyrant.
οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι βαρέως φέροντες ἠναγκάζοντο τὴν ἡσυχίαν ἔχειν· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἔτι περαίνειν ἠδύναντο· ἥ τε γὰρ πόλις ἔγεμεν ὅπλων ξενικῶν, τούς τε Καρχηδονίους ἐδεδοίκεισαν τηλικαύτας ἔχοντας δυνάμεις.
The Syracusans, though bearing it heavily, were forced to keep quiet; for they could no longer accomplish anything, since the city was full of foreign arms, and they stood in fear of the Carthaginians who possessed such great forces.
§13.96.3ὁ δʼ οὖν Διονύσιος εὐθέως ἔγημε τὴν Ἑρμοκράτους θυγατέρα τοῦ καταπολεμήσαντος Ἀθηναίους, καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν ἔδωκε Πολυξένῳ τῆς Ἑρμοκράτους γυναικὸς ἀδελφῷ· τοῦτο δʼ ἔπραξε βουλόμενος οἰκίαν ἐπίσημον εἰς οἰκειότητα προσλαβέσθαι πρὸς τὸ τὴν τυραννίδα ποιῆσαι βεβαίαν.
Now Dionysius straightway married the daughter of Hermocrates, who had defeated the Athenians, and gave his sister in marriage to Polyxenus, the brother of Hermocrates' wife; and this he did because he wished to attach an illustrious house to his family in order to make his tyranny secure.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα συναγαγὼν ἐκκλησίαν τῶν ἀντιπραξάντων αὐτῷ τοὺς δυνατωτάτους ὄντας, Δαφναῖον καὶ Δήμαρχον, ἀνεῖλεν.
After this, having called an assembly, he put to death Daphnaeus and Demarchus, who were the most powerful of those who had opposed him.
§13.96.4Διονύσιος μὲν οὖν ἐκ γραμματέως καὶ τοῦ τυχόντος ἰδιώτου τῆς μεγίστης πόλεως τῶν Ἑλληνίδων ἐγενήθη τύραννος· διετήρησε δὲ τὴν δυναστείαν ἄχρι τῆς τελευτῆς, τυραννήσας ἔτη δύο λείποντα τῶν τεσσαράκοντα.
Thus Dionysius, from being a scribe and an ordinary private citizen, became tyrant of the greatest of the Greek cities; and he maintained his power until his death, having ruled as tyrant for thirty-eight years.
τὰς δὲ κατὰ μέρος αὐτοῦ πράξεις καὶ τὴν αὔξησιν τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοις χρόνοις διέξιμεν· δοκεῖ γὰρ οὗτος μεγίστην τῶν ἱστορουμένων τυραννίδα περιπεποιῆσθαι διʼ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ πολυχρονιωτάτην.
His particular achievements and the growth of his dominion we shall relate at the proper times; for this man seems to have secured for himself, by his own efforts, the greatest and longest-lasting tyranny in recorded history.
§13.96.5οἱ δὲ Καρχηδόνιοι μετὰ τὴν ἅλωσιν τῆς πόλεως τὰ μὲν ἀναθήματα καὶ τοὺς ἀνδριάντας καὶ τἄλλα τὰ πολυτελέστατα μετήνεγκαν εἰς Καρχηδόνα, τὰ δʼ ἱερὰ κατακαύσαντες καὶ τὴν πόλιν διαρπάσαντες αὐτοῦ παρεχείμασαν.
As for the Carthaginians, after the capture of the city, they carried off to Carthage the votive offerings, the statues, and the other most costly objects, and after burning the temples and plundering the city, they wintered there.
ἐπὶ δὲ τὴν ἐαρινὴν ὥραν παρεσκευάζοντο μηχανήματα καὶ βέλη παντοδαπά, διανοούμενοι πρώτην πολιορκῆσαι τὴν τῶν Γελῴων πόλιν.
But at the approach of spring they began preparing siege engines and missiles of every kind, intending to besiege the city of Gela first.

Notes

  1. 13.96.1μὴ ... ἀνακτήσηται — A clause of fearing introduced by μὴ with the aorist subjunctive (ἀνακτήσηται), dependent on the verb of suspicion/fear (ὑφεωρᾶτο). The participle λαμβανόμενος functions with conditional force ('if he should find an opportunity').
  2. 13.96.4τοῦ τυχόντος — The genitive of the active present participle of τυγχάνω with the definite article, idiomatically meaning 'ordinary, common, average'. Here it modifies ἰδιώτου ('private citizen') to emphasize the low and ordinary status of Dionysius before he became tyrant.
  3. 13.96.4ἔτη δύο λείποντα τῶν τεσσαράκοντα — The expression literally means 'lacking (λείποντα) two years (ἔτη δύο) of forty (τῶν τεσσαράκοντα)', indicating a total of thirty-eight years. The active present participle λείποντα agrees in gender, number, and case with the accusative neuter plural noun ἔτη.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.96.1-13.96.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.96.1-13.96.5

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