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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.97.1-13.97.7

Confrontation at Arginusae and Ominous Portents

Passage 276 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The Athenian fleet sails to the Arginusae Islands to confront the Lacedaemonians under Callicratidas, but due to bad weather and ominous omens—the loss of the sacrifice's head for the Spartans and Thrasybulus's disturbing dream—both sides postpone the battle to the following day.

§13.97.1τούτων δὲ πραττομένων Ἀθηναῖοι μὲν κατὰ τὸ συνεχὲς ἐλαττώμασι περιπίπτοντες, ἐποιήσαντο πολίτας τοὺς μετοίκους καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ξένων τοὺς βουλομένους συναγωνίσασθαι· ταχὺ δὲ πολλοῦ πλήθους πολιτογραφηθέντος, οἱ στρατηγοὶ κατέγραφον τοὺς εὐθέτους εἰς τὴν στρατείαν.
While these things were being done, the Athenians, who were continually suffering defeats, made citizens of the metics and of those among the other foreigners who wished to fight with them; and when a great multitude had quickly been enrolled as citizens, the generals registered those who were fit for the campaign.
παρεσκευάσαντο δὲ ναῦς ἑξήκοντα, καὶ ταύτας πολυτελῶς καταρτίσαντες ἐξέπλευσαν εἰς Σάμον, ἐν ᾗ κατέλαβον τοὺς ἄλλους στρατηγοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων νήσων ὀγδοήκοντα τριήρεις ἠθροικότας.
They prepared sixty ships, and having equipped these sumptuously, they sailed out to Samos, where they joined the other generals who had gathered eighty triremes from the other islands.
§13.97.2δεηθέντες δὲ καὶ τῶν Σαμίων προσπληρῶσαι δέκα τριήρεις, ἀνήχθησαν ἁπάσαις ταῖς ναυσὶν οὔσαις ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα, καὶ κατέπλευσαν εἰς τὰς Ἀργινούσας νήσους, σπεύδοντες λῦσαι τὴν Μιτυλήνης πολιορκίαν.
Having asked the Samians also to man ten additional triremes, they put to sea with all their ships, which numbered one hundred and fifty, and sailed down to the Arginusae Islands, hastening to raise the siege of Mitylene.
§13.97.3ὁ δὲ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ναύαρχος Καλλικρατίδας πυθόμενος τὸν κατάπλουν τῶν νεῶν, ἐπὶ μὲν τῆς πολιορκίας κατέλιπεν Ἐτεόνικον μετὰ τῆς πεζῆς δυνάμεως, αὐτὸς δὲ πληρώσας ναῦς ἑκατὸν τεσσαράκοντα κατὰ σπουδὴν ἀνήχθη τῶν Ἀργινουσῶν περὶ θάτερα μέρη·
But the Lacedaemonian admiral Callicratidas, having learned of the arrival of the ships, left Eteonicus at the siege with the land force, while he himself, having manned one hundred and forty ships, put to sea in haste toward the other side of the Arginusae.
αἳ νῆσοι τότʼ ἦσαν οἰκούμεναι καὶ πολισμάτιον Αἰολικὸν ἔχουσαι, κείμεναι μεταξὺ Μιτυλήνης καὶ Κύμης, ἀπέχουσαι τῆς ἠπείρου βραχὺ παντελῶς καὶ τῆς ἄκρας τῆς Κανίδος.
These islands were at that time inhabited and contained a small Aeolian town; they lie between Mitylene and Cyme, being at quite a short distance from the mainland and from Cape Kanis.
§13.97.4οἱ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι τὸν μὲν κατάπλουν τῶν πολεμίων εὐθέως ἔγνωσαν, οὐ μακρὰν ὁρμοῦντες, διὰ δὲ τὸ μέγεθος τῶν πνευμάτων τὸ μὲν ναυμαχεῖν ἀπέγνωσαν, εἰς δὲ τὴν ἐχομένην ἡμέραν ἡτοιμάζοντο τὰ πρὸς τὴν ναυμαχίαν, τὸ αὐτὸ ποιούντων καὶ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων, καίπερ ἀμφοτέροις ἀπαγορευόντων τῶν μάντεων.
The Athenians straightway made out the arrival of the enemy, since they were anchored not far away, but because of the violence of the winds they gave up the idea of fighting a naval battle, and prepared themselves for the battle on the following day; the Lacedaemonians did the same, although the seers of both sides forbade it.
§13.97.5τοῖς μὲν γὰρ Λακεδαιμονίοις ἡ τοῦ θύματος κεφαλὴ κειμένη παρὰ τὸν αἰγιαλὸν ἀφανὴς ἐγεγόνει, προσκλύζοντος τοῦ κύματος· διόπερ ὁ μάντις προύλεγε, διότι τελευτήσει ναυμαχῶν ὁ ναύαρχος·
For in the case of the Lacedaemonians, the head of the victim, which had been laid on the beach, had disappeared, washed away by the surf; wherefore the seer foretold that the admiral would die while fighting in the sea-fight.
οὗ ῥηθέντος φασὶ τὸν Καλλικρατίδαν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι τελευτήσας κατὰ τὴν μάχην οὐδὲν ἀδοξοτέραν ποιήσει τὴν Σπάρτην.
When this was said, they say that Callicratidas remarked that his death in the battle would make Sparta no less glorious.
§13.97.6τῶν δʼ Ἀθηναίων ὁ στρατηγὸς Θρασύβουλος, ὃς ἦν ἐπὶ τῆς ἡγεμονίας ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν, εἶδε κατὰ τὴν νύκτα τοιαύτην ὄψιν· ἔδοξεν Ἀθήνησι τοῦ θεάτρου πλήθοντος αὐτός τε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν ἓξ ὑποκρίνεσθαι τραγῳδίαν Εὐριπίδου Φοινίσσας· τῶν δʼ ἀντιπάλων ὑποκρινομένων τὰς Ἱκέτιδας δόξαι τὴν Καδμείαν νίκην αὐτοῖς περιγενέσθαι, καὶ πάντας ἀποθανεῖν μιμουμένους τὰ πράγματα τῶν ἐπὶ τὰς Θήβας στρατευσάντων.
On the side of the Athenians, the general Thrasybulus, who held the supreme command on that day, saw in the night the following vision: he dreamed that at Athens, when the theater was full, he himself and six of the other generals were acting the Phoenician Women, a tragedy of Euripides; and that while their opponents were acting the Suppliant Women, it seemed that a Cadmean victory fell to them, and that they all died, mimicking the fates of those who had marched against Thebes.
§13.97.7ἀκούσας δʼ ὁ μάντις ταῦτα διεσάφει τοὺς ἑπτὰ τῶν στρατηγῶν ἀναιρεθήσεσθαι.
When the seer heard this, he made it clear that seven of the generals would be slain.
τῶν δʼ ἱερῶν φερόντων νίκην, οἱ στρατηγοὶ περὶ μὲν τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἀπωλείας ἐκώλυον ἑτέροις ἀπαγγέλλειν, περὶ δὲ τῆς ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς νίκης ἀνήγγειλαν καθʼ ὅλην τὴν δύναμιν.
But since the sacrifices portended victory, the generals forbade anyone to report to others concerning their own destruction, but the victory indicated by the sacrifices they announced throughout the entire army.

Notes

  1. 13.97.2οὔσαις ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα — The participle `οὔσαις` agrees with `ναυσὶν` and expresses the total number, meaning 'amounting to one hundred and fifty.' This is a common Greek idiom used to state the total count of military forces or ships.
  2. 13.97.6ἔδοξεν ... αὐτός τε ... ὑποκρίνεσθαι — In the infinitive clause dependent on the impersonal `ἔδοξεν` (it seemed, he dreamed), the subject of the infinitive `ὑποκρίνεσθαι` is identical to the subject of the main clause (Thrasybulus). Therefore, the nominative `αὐτός` is used instead of the accusative (nominative with infinitive construction).
  3. 13.97.6δόξαι — An infinitive continuing the narrative of the dream introduced by `ἔδοξεν` in the previous clause (infinitive in indirect discourse). It functions to parallel the subsequent dream events under the same visionary framework.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.97.1-13.97.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.97.1-13.97.7

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