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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.87.1-13.87.5

Syracusan Victory and the Stoning of Acragantine Generals

Passage 266 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Although the Syracusans defeat the Carthaginians, their general Daphnaeus restrains them from pursuing further. Enraged by this decision, the multitude of Acragas holds an assembly and stones four of their own generals to death, while also censuring Dexippus.

§13.87.1Ἰμίλκων δὲ πυθόμενος τὴν τῶν πολεμίων ἔφοδον, ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοῖς ἀπαντᾶν τούς τε Ἴβηρας καὶ Καμπανοὺς καὶ τῶν ἄλλων οὐκ ἐλάττους τετρακισμυρίων.
Himilco, learning of the enemy's approach, sent to meet them the Iberians, the Campanians, and no fewer than forty thousand of the others.
ἤδη δὲ τῶν Συρακοσίων τὸν Ἱμέραν ποταμὸν διαβεβηκότων ἀπήντησαν οἱ βάρβαροι, καὶ παρατάξεως γενομένης ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἐνίκησαν οἱ Συρακόσιοι καὶ πλείους τῶν ἑξακισχιλίων ἀνεῖλον.
When the Syracusans had already crossed the River Himeras, the barbarians met them, and after a battle that lasted a long time, the Syracusans were victorious and slew more than six thousand of them.
§13.87.2τελέως δὲ ὅλον τὸ στρατόπεδον διέφθειραν ἂν καὶ μέχρι τῆς πόλεως κατεδίωξαν, ἀλλὰ τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἀτάκτως διωκόντων ὁ στρατηγὸς εὐλαβήθη, μήποτε μετὰ τοῦ λοιποῦ στρατεύματος Ἰμίλκας ἐπιφανεὶς ἀναλάβῃ τὴν ἧτταν.
Indeed, they would have completely destroyed the entire camp and pursued them to the city, but since the soldiers were pursuing in disorder, the general feared lest Himilco, appearing with the rest of the army, might retrieve the defeat.
καὶ γὰρ τοὺς Ἱμεραίους ἐγίνωσκε παρὰ τὴν αὐτὴν αἰτίαν τοῖς ὅλοις ἐπταικότας.
For he knew that the Himeraeans had suffered a complete disaster for this very same reason.
οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τῶν βαρβάρων φευγόντων εἰς τὴν πρὸς Ἀκράγαντι παρεμβολήν, οἱ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν στρατιῶται θεωροῦντες τὴν τῶν Καρχηδονίων ἧτταν ἐδέοντο τῶν στρατηγῶν ἐξάγειν αὐτούς, καιρὸν εἶναι φάσκοντες τοῦ φθεῖραι τὴν τῶν πολεμίων δύναμιν.
Nevertheless, while the barbarians were fleeing to their camp near Acragas, the soldiers in the city, seeing the defeat of the Carthaginians, entreated the generals to lead them out, saying that it was the opportune moment to destroy the enemy's force.
§13.87.3οἱ δʼ, εἴτε χρήμασιν ἐφθαρμένοι, καθάπερ ἦν λόγος, εἴτε φοβηθέντες μὴ τῆς πόλεως ἐρημωθείσης Ἰμίλκων αὐτὴν καταλάβηται, τῆς ὁρμῆς ἐπέσχον τοὺς στρατιώτας.
But the generals, whether corrupted by money, as the rumor went, or fearing lest Himilco should seize the city if it were left empty, checked the rush of the soldiers.
οἱ μὲν οὖν φεύγοντες μετὰ πάσης ἀσφαλείας διεσώθησαν εἰς τὴν πρὸς τῇ πόλει παρεμβολήν.
Consequently, those who were fleeing escaped in complete safety to the camp near the city.
ὁ δὲ Δαφναῖος μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως παραγενηθεὶς εἰς τὴν ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἐκλελειμμένην στρατοπεδείαν, ἐν ταύτῃ παρενέβαλεν.
Daphnaeus, having arrived with his force at the camp abandoned by the barbarians, pitched camp there.
§13.87.4εὐθὺ δὲ καὶ τῶν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως στρατιωτῶν ἐπιμιχθέντων καὶ τοῦ Δεξίππου συγκαταβάντος αὐτοῖς, ἀπὸ συνδρομῆς εἰς ἐκκλησίαν τὰ πλήθη συνῆλθεν·
Immediately, when the soldiers from the city also mingled with them and Dexippus came down to join them, the multitude assembled into an assembly from a spontaneous rush.
πάντων δʼ ἀγανακτούντων ἐπὶ τῷ παρεῖσθαι τὸν καιρὸν καὶ κεκρατηκότας τῶν βαρβάρων τὴν προσήκουσαν τιμωρίαν παρʼ αὐτῶν μὴ λαβεῖν, ἀλλὰ δυναμένους τοὺς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως στρατηγοὺς ἐπεξελθεῖν καὶ διαφθεῖραι τὴν τῶν πολεμίων δύναμιν ἀφεικέναι τοσαύτας μυριάδας·
Everyone was indignant because the opportunity had been let slip, and though they had mastered the barbarians, they had not exacted the fitting vengeance from them, but instead the generals from the city, though able to march out and destroy the enemy's force, had let so many tens of thousands go.
§13.87.5θορύβου δὲ καὶ πολλῆς κραυγῆς ἐπεχούσης τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, παρελθὼν Μένης ὁ Καμαριναῖος ἐφʼ ἡγεμονίας τεταγμένος κατηγόρησε τῶν Ἀκραγαντίνων στρατηγῶν καὶ πάντας οὕτω παρώξυνεν, ὥστε τῶν κατηγορουμένων ἐγχειρούντων ἀπολογεῖσθαι μηδένα προσδέχεσθαι τοὺς λόγους, καὶ τὸ πλῆθος ὁρμῆσαν ἐπὶ τὸ βάλλειν τοῖς λίθοις τέσσαρας αὐτῶν καταλεῦσαι, τὸν δὲ πέμπτον, Ἀργεῖον καλούμενον, τὴν δʼ ἡλικίαν παντελῶς ὄντα νεώτερον, ἀφεθῆναι·
While clamor and a great shouting filled the assembly, Menes of Camarina, who was stationed in a position of command, came forward and accused the generals of Acragas, and so incited everyone that, although the accused attempted to make a defense, no one would accept their words; and the multitude, rushing to stone them, stoned four of them to death, but the fifth, called Argeius, who was completely younger in age, was acquitted.
βλασφημίας δὲ τυγχάνειν καὶ τὸν Λακεδαιμόνιον Δέξιππον, ὅτι τεταγμένος ἐφʼ ἡγεμονίας καὶ δοκῶν εἶναι τῶν πολεμικῶν ἔργων οὐκ ἄπειρος τοῦτʼ ἔπραξε προδοσίας ἕνεκα.
Moreover, Dexippus the Lacedaemonian also met with censure, because, though stationed in command and reputed to be not unversed in military affairs, he had done this for the sake of treachery.

Notes

  1. 13.87.2διέφθειραν ἂν ... καὶ ... κατεδίωξαν — In the apodosis of a conditional sentence, the past indicative with the particle ἂν (διέφθειραν ἂν) expresses a past contrary-to-fact situation ('they would have completely destroyed'). The subsequent verb κατεδίωξαν is also interpreted as falling under the influence of the same ἂν ('and [would have] pursued them to the city'). Although actual pursuit was indeed taking place, albeit in disorder (ἀτάκτως διωκόντων), which might suggest taking κατεδίωξαν as a factual statement (indicative without ἂν), it is syntactically more natural to coordinate both verbs under the potential/unreal ἂν to describe the unrealized complete victory.
  2. 13.87.4ἀγανακτούντων ... ἀφεικέναι — This passage begins with the genitive absolute construction πάντων δʼ ἀγανακτούντων, followed by three infinitives (παρεῖσθαι, λαβεῖν, ἀφεικέναι) introduced by the prepositional phrase ἐπὶ τῷ to specify the grounds of indignation. In particular, the last infinitive ἀφεικέναι takes τοὺς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως στρατηγοὺς as its subject accusative, which is modified by the concessive participle δυναμένους ('although they were able to...'). The entire sentence lacks a main finite verb and flows directly into the next genitive absolute in §13.87.5.
  3. 13.87.5ὥστε ... μηδένα προσδέχεσθαι ... καταλεῦσαι ... ἀφεθῆναι — Within the consecutive clause introduced by ὥστε, three infinitives are coordinated, each with a different subject and voice. The subject of the first infinitive προσδέχεσθαι is the negative pronoun μηδένα ('no one accepted'); the subject of the second, καταλεῦσαι, is τὸ πλῆθος ('the multitude stoned'); the third, ἀφεθῆναι, is a passive infinitive with τὸν δὲ πέμπτον as its subject ('but the fifth was acquitted'). Careful attention is required for the shifting of subjects and voices.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.87.1-13.87.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.87.1-13.87.5

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