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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.51.1-13.51.8

Death of Mindarus and Athenian Capture of Cyzicus

Passage 230 of 723 · Greek

Summary

A fierce land battle takes place between the Athenians and the Spartan-Persian coalition, resulting in the death of the Spartan commander Mindarus. The Athenians achieve a complete victory, occupy Cyzicus, and gather immense booty.

§13.51.1τῶν δὲ Ἀθηναίων περὶ ταῦτα γινομένων Μίνδαρος ὁ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἀφηγούμενος αὐτὸς μὲν πρὸς Ἀλκιβιάδην ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀφελκομένων νεῶν διηγωνίζετο, Κλέαρχον δὲ τὸν Σπαρτιάτην μετὰ μέρους τῶν Πελοποννησίων ἀπέστειλε πρὸς τοὺς περὶ Θρασύβουλον· συναπέστειλε δʼ αὐτῷ καὶ τοὺς παρὰ Φαρναβάζῳ στρατευομένους μισθοφόρους.
While the Athenians were occupied with these matters, Mindarus, the commander of the Lacedaemonians, himself fought hard against Alcibiades over the ships that were being dragged away, but he dispatched Clearchus the Spartan with a part of the Peloponnesians to Thrasybulus' men; and he also sent along with him the mercenaries who were serving under Pharnabazus.
§13.51.2ὁ δὲ Θρασύβουλος μετὰ τῶν ἐπιβατῶν καὶ τῶν τοξοτῶν τὸ μὲν πρῶτον εὐρώστως ὑπέστη τοὺς πολεμίους, καὶ πολλοὺς μὲν ἀνεῖλεν, οὐκ ὀλίγους δὲ καὶ τῶν ἰδίων ἑώρα πίπτοντας· τῶν δὲ μετὰ τοῦ Φαρναβάζου μισθοφόρων κυκλούντων τοὺς Ἀθηναίους καὶ τῷ πλήθει πανταχόθεν περιχεομένων, ἐπεφάνη Θηραμένης τούς τε ἰδίους καὶ τοὺς μετὰ Χαιρέου ἄγων πεζούς.
Thrasybulus, with the marines and the archers, at first stoutly resisted the enemy and slew many of them, but he also saw not a few of his own men falling; and as the mercenaries with Pharnabazus were encircling the Athenians and pouring in from all sides in great numbers, Theramenes appeared, leading his own men and the infantry with Chaereas.
§13.51.3οἱ δὲ μετὰ τοῦ Θρασυβούλου καταπεπονημένοι καὶ τὰς τῆς σωτηρίας ἐλπίδας ἀπεγνωκότες πάλιν ἐξαίφνης ταῖς ψυχαῖς διηγείροντο τηλικαύτης βοηθείας παραγεγενημένης.
Those with Thrasybulus, who were exhausted and had despaired of any hope of safety, suddenly were roused in spirit once more because such great assistance had arrived.
§13.51.4ἐπὶ πολὺν δὲ χρόνον καρτερᾶς μάχης γενομένης, τὸ μὲν πρῶτον οἱ τοῦ Φαρναβάζου μισθοφόροι φεύγειν ἤρξαντο, καὶ τὸ συνεχὲς ἀεὶ τῆς τάξεως παρερρήγνυτο· τέλος δὲ οἱ Πελοποννήσιοι μετὰ Κλεάρχου καταλειφθέντες καὶ πολλὰ δράσαντες καὶ παθόντες ἐξεώσθησαν.
A fierce battle raged for a long time, and at first the mercenaries of Pharnabazus began to flee, and the continuity of their line was broken step by step; finally, the Peloponnesians left behind with Clearchus, after inflicting and suffering many casualties, were driven back.
§13.51.5τούτων δὲ καταπεπονημένων οἱ περὶ τὸν Θηραμένην ὥρμησαν τοῖς μετʼ Ἀλκιβιάδου κινδυνεύσασι βοηθῆσαι.
After these had been overcome, Theramenes and his men hastened to aid those with Alcibiades who were in danger.
συνδραμουσῶν δὲ τῶν δυνάμεων εἰς ἕνα τόπον, ὁ μὲν Μίνδαρος οὐ κατεπλάγη τὴν ἔφοδον τῶν περὶ Θηραμένην, ἀλλὰ διελόμενος τοὺς Πελοποννησίους τοῖς μὲν ἡμίσεσιν ἀπήντα τοῖς ἐπιοῦσι, τοὺς δʼ ἡμίσεις αὐτὸς ἔχων, καὶ δεόμενος ἑκάστου μὴ καταισχῦναι τὸ τῆς Σπάρτης ἀξίωμα, καὶ ταῦτα πεζομαχοῦντας, ἀντετάχθησαν τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην.
When the forces rushed together to one place, Mindarus was not dismayed by the onslaught of Theramenes' men, but dividing the Peloponnesians, he met the attackers with half of them, while he himself, holding the other half and entreating each man not to disgrace the dignity of Sparta, especially since they were fighting a land battle, drew them up against Alcibiades' men.
§13.51.6περὶ δὲ τῶν νεῶν ἡρωικὴν συστησάμενος μάχην, καὶ πρὸ πάντων αὐτὸς κινδυνεύων, πολλοὺς μὲν ἀνεῖλε τῶν ἀντιτεταγμένων, τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον ἀξίως τῆς πατρίδος ἀγωνισάμενος ὑπὸ τῶν περὶ τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην ἀνῃρέθη.
Having joined a heroic battle over the ships, and himself braving danger before all others, he slew many of those drawn up against him, but at last, having fought in a manner worthy of his fatherland, he was slain by those with Alcibiades.
τούτου δὲ πεπτωκότος οἵ τε Πελοποννήσιοι καὶ πάντες οἱ σύμμαχοι συνέδραμον καὶ καταπλαγέντες εἰς φυγὴν ὥρμησαν.
When he had fallen, the Peloponnesians and all the allies ran together, and struck with panic, they turned to flight.
§13.51.7οἱ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι μέχρι μέν τινος ἐπεδίωξαν τοὺς πολεμίους, πυνθανόμενοι δὲ τὸν Φαρνάβαζον μετὰ πολλῆς ἵππου κατὰ σπουδὴν ἐπειγόμενον, ἀνέκαμψαν ἐπὶ τὰς ναῦς, καὶ τὴν μὲν πόλιν παρέλαβον, δύο δὲ τρόπαια κατέστησαν ἀφʼ ἑκατέρας νίκης, τὸ μὲν τῆς ναυμαχίας ἐν τῇ νήσῳ τῇ Πολυδώρου καλουμένῃ, τὸ δὲ τῆς πεζομαχίας οὗ τὴν τροπὴν ἐποιήσαντο τὴν πρώτην.
The Athenians pursued the enemy for a certain distance, but when they learned that Pharnabazus was approaching in haste with a large force of cavalry, they turned back to their ships, took possession of the city, and set up two trophies for each of the victories, one for the sea-battle on the island called Polydorus, and the other for the land battle where they had first routed the enemy.
§13.51.8οἱ μὲν οὖν ἐν τῇ πόλει Πελοποννήσιοι καὶ πάντες οἱ διαφυγόντες ἐκ τῆς μάχης ἔφυγον ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ Φαρναβάζου στρατόπεδον· οἱ δὲ τῶν Ἀθηναίων στρατηγοὶ τῶν τε νεῶν ἁπασῶν ἐγκρατεῖς ἐγενήθησαν καὶ πολλοὺς μὲν αἰχμαλώτους, ἀναρίθμητον δὲ πλῆθος λαφύρων ἤθροισαν, ὡς ἂν δύο δυνάμεις ἅμα τηλικαύτας νενικηκότες.
Thus, the Peloponnesians who had been in the city and all those who escaped from the battle fled to the camp of Pharnabazus; while the Athenian generals gained possession of all the ships and gathered many prisoners and an incalculable amount of booty, inasmuch as they had conquered two such great forces at the same time.

Notes

  1. §13.51.1τῶν δὲ Ἀθηναίων περὶ ταῦτα γινομένων — A genitive absolute construction with the present participle, indicating a background action happening simultaneously with the main clause ("while the Athenians were occupied with these matters").
  2. §13.51.4πολλὰ δράσαντες καὶ παθόντες — A classic idiomatic antithesis in Greek combining active ("doing/inflicting") and passive ("suffering") verbs. In a military context, it vividly expresses a fierce struggle where they "inflicted many casualties and suffered many in return."
  3. §13.51.5καὶ ταῦτα πεζομαχοῦντας — The idiomatic combination of `καὶ ταῦτα` ("especially", "and that too") with a participle is used to emphasize a concession or a particular circumstance. The accusative plural `πεζομαχοῦντας` refers back to the Peloponnesians (implied as the plural subject represented by the singular distributive `ἑκάστου`), highlighting the difficulty that they were fighting a land battle despite being mariners.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.51.1-13.51.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.51.1-13.51.8

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