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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.14.1-13.14.5

Blockade of Syracuse Harbor and Athenian Battle Preparations

Passage 193 of 723 · Greek

Summary

As the Syracusans block the mouth of the harbor with ships and chains to cut off the Athenian retreat, the cornered Athenians prepare for a decisive battle by manning their entire fleet, heightening the tension for both armies and the watching citizens.

§13.14.1οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι νομίζοντες μηκέτι τὸν κίνδυνον εἶναι περὶ τῆς πόλεως, ἀλλὰ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἐνεστηκέναι τὸν ἀγῶνα περὶ τοῦ λαβεῖν τὸ στρατόπεδον μετὰ τῶν πολεμίων αἰχμάλωτον, ἀπέφραττον τὸ στόμα τοῦ λιμένος ζεῦγμα κατασκευάζοντες. §13.14.2ἀκάτους τε γὰρ καὶ τριήρεις, ἔτι δὲ στρογγύλας ναῦς ἐπʼ ἀγκυρῶν ὁρμίσαντες, καὶ σιδηραῖς ἁλύσεσι διαλαμβάνοντες, ἐπὶ τὰ σκάφη γεφύρας ἐκ σανίδων κατεσκεύασαν καὶ πέρας ἐν ἡμέραις τρισὶ τοῖς ἔργοις ἐπέθηκαν. §13.14.3οἱ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι θεωροῦντες αὑτοῖς πάντοθεν τὴν σωτηρίαν ἀποκεκλεισμένην, ἔκριναν ἁπάσας τὰς τριήρεις πληροῦν καὶ τῶν πεζῶν τοὺς κρατίστους ἐμβιβάσαι, τῷ τε πλήθει τῶν νεῶν καὶ τῇ τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων ὑπὲρ τῆς σωτηρίας ἀπονοίᾳ καταπλήξειν τοὺς Συρακοσίους. §13.14.4διόπερ τοὺς ἐπὶ ταῖς ἡγεμονίαις τεταγμένους καὶ τοὺς ἀρίστους ἐξ ὅλου τοῦ στρατεύματος ἐμβιβάσαντες τριήρεις μὲν ἐπλήρωσαν πέντε λειπούσας τῶν ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἔταξαν παρὰ τὸν αἰγιαλόν.
The Syracusans, thinking that the danger was no longer for their own city, but that the contest had much rather shifted to capturing the camp of the enemy together with the enemy themselves as captives, began to block the mouth of the harbor by constructing a barrier. For having moored light vessels, triremes, and furthermore merchant ships at anchor, and securing them with iron chains, they built bridges of planks upon the hulls and put an end to the works in three days. The Athenians, seeing that their way of safety was closed off from every side, decided to man all their triremes and embark the best of their infantry, intending to overwhelm the Syracusans by the multitude of their ships and by the desperate boldness of those fighting for their survival. Therefore, embarking those appointed to commands and the best men from the entire army, they manned one hundred and fifteen triremes (wanting five of one hundred and twenty), and drew up the rest on land along the beach.
οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι τὸ μὲν πεζὸν στράτευμα πρὸ τῆς πόλεως ἔστησαν, τριήρεις δὲ συνεπλήρωσαν ἑβδομήκοντα τέσσαρας· συμπαρείποντό τε τὰς ὑπηρετικὰς ἔχοντες ναῦς παῖδες ἐλεύθεροι, τοῖς τε ἔτεσιν ὄντες ὑπὸ τὴν τῶν νεανίσκων ἡλικίαν καὶ συναγωνιζόμενοι μετὰ τῶν πατέρων. §13.14.5τὰ δὲ περὶ τὸν λιμένα τείχη καὶ πᾶς ὁ τῆς πόλεως ὑπερκείμενος τόπος ἔγεμε σωμάτων· γυναῖκές τε γὰρ καὶ παρθένοι καὶ οἱ ταῖς ἡλικίαις τὴν ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ χρείαν παρέχεσθαι μὴ δυνάμενοι, τοῦ παντὸς πολέμου τὴν κρίσιν λαμβάνοντος, μετὰ πολλῆς ἀγωνίας ἐπεθεώρουν τὴν μάχην.
The Syracusans, on their part, stationed their land army before the city, and manned seventy-four triremes in total; and freeborn boys, who were in age under that of young men, accompanied them in support vessels, fighting alongside their fathers. The walls around the harbor and all the high ground overlooking the city were crowded with people; for women, maidens, and those unable by reason of age to render service in the war, since the whole war was receiving its decision, watched the battle with great anxiety.

Notes

  1. §13.14.1μετὰ τῶν πολεμίων αἰχμάλωτον — Meaning 'to capture the camp together with the enemy as captives.' The adjective αἰχμάλωτον (accusative singular) agrees predicatively with τὸ στρατόπεδον, or functions in relation to μετὰ τῶν πολεμίων ('together with the enemy') to describe the resulting state of the capture.
  2. §13.14.3καταπλήξειν — Future infinitive of the verb καταπλήσσω (to strike with panic, overwhelm). It is introduced by the main verb ἔκριναν (decided), functioning to express their subjective purpose, intention, or expectation of what they would achieve by their action.
  3. §13.14.4πέντε λειπούσας τῶν ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι — Meaning 'wanting five of one hundred and twenty,' a idiomatic Greek expression to denote one hundred and fifteen. The present participle λειπούσας takes the genitive of comparison/separation τῶν ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι (120) to indicate the number subtracted (πέντε) from the base.
  4. §13.14.5τοῦ παντὸς πολέμου τὴν κρίσιν λαμβάνοντος — Genitive absolute construction, meaning 'since the entire war was receiving its decision (or judgment),' indicating the critical timing and circumstance of the event.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.14.1-13.14.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.14.1-13.14.5

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