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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.15.1-13.15.5

Exhortation of Nicias and the Battle in the Great Harbor

Passage 194 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The Athenian general Nicias encourages his men and commanders, and the decisive sea battle begins. Both sides fight with desperate determination, leading to a fierce and chaotic battle within the harbor.

§13.15.1καθʼ ὃν δὴ χρόνον Νικίας ὁ τῶν Ἀθηναίων στρατηγὸς ἐπιβλέψας τὰς ναῦς καὶ τὸ μέγεθος τοῦ κινδύνου λογισάμενος, οὐκ ἐπέμεινεν ἐπὶ τῆς ἐν τῇ γῇ τάξεως, ἀλλὰ καταλιπὼν τοὺς πεζοὺς ἐπί τινα ναῦν ἀνέβη καὶ παρέπλει τὰς τριήρεις τῶν Ἀθηναίων.
At this very time, Nicias, the general of the Athenians, having surveyed the ships and calculated the magnitude of the danger, did not remain at his post on land, but leaving the infantry behind, embarked on a certain ship and sailed along the triremes of the Athenians.
ἕκαστον δὲ τῶν τριηράρχων ἐξ ὀνόματος προσφωνῶν καὶ τὰς χεῖρας ἐκτείνων ἐδεῖτο πάντων, εἰ καὶ πρότερον, τὸ νῦν ἀντιλαβέσθαι τῆς μόνης καταλελειμμένης ἐλπίδος· ἐν γὰρ ταῖς τῶν ναυμαχεῖν μελλόντων ἀρεταῖς καὶ ἑαυτῶν ἁπάντων καὶ τῆς πατρίδος κεῖσθαι τὴν σωτηρίαν. §13.15.2καὶ τοὺς μὲν τέκνων ὄντας πατέρας τῶν υἱῶν ὑπομιμνήσκων, τοὺς δʼ ἐνδόξων γεγονότας πατέρων παρακαλῶν τὰς τῶν προγόνων ἀρετὰς μὴ καταισχῦναι, τοὺς δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου τετιμημένους προτρεπόμενος ἀξίους φανῆναι τῶν στεφάνων, ἅπαντας δʼ ἀναμνησθέντας τῶν ἐν Σαλαμῖνι τροπαίων ἠξίου μὴ καταρρῖψαι τῆς πατρίδος τὴν περιβόητον δόξαν, μηδὲ αὑτοὺς ἀνδραπόδων τρόπον παραδοῦναι τοῖς Συρακοσίοις. §13.15.3ὁ μὲν οὖν Νικίας τοιούτοις χρησάμενος λόγοις πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἰδίαν τάξιν ἐπανῆλθεν·
Addressing each of the trierarchs by name and stretching out his hands, he implored them all, if ever before, now to lay hold of the only remaining hope; for he declared that upon the valor of those about to fight by sea lay the safety of all of themselves and of their fatherland. And reminding those who were fathers of children of their sons, and exhorting those born of illustrious fathers not to disgrace the virtues of their ancestors, and urging those honored by the people to show themselves worthy of their crowns, and calling upon everyone, having remembered the trophies at Salamis, not to ruin the celebrated glory of their fatherland, nor to surrender themselves like slaves to the Syracusans. Nicias, then, having used such words, returned again to his own post.
οἱ δʼ ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ παιανίσαντες ἔπλεον, καὶ φθάσαντες τοὺς πολεμίους διέλυον τὸ ζεῦγμα.
But those in the ships, having sung the paean, began to sail, and arriving before the enemy, they began to break the barrier.
οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι ταχέως ἐπαναχθέντες συνετάττοντο ταῖς τριήρεσι, καὶ συμπλεκόμενοι τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἠνάγκασαν αὐτοὺς ἐπιστρέφειν ἀπὸ τοῦ ζεύγματος καὶ διαμάχεσθαι. §13.15.4ποιουμένων δὲ τὰς ἀνακρούσεις τῶν μὲν ἐπὶ τὸν αἰγιαλόν, τῶν δʼ εἰς μέσον τὸν λιμένα, τινῶν δὲ πρὸς τὰ τείχη, ταχέως ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων διεσπάσθησαν αἱ τριήρεις ἅπασαι, καὶ χωρισθέντων ἀπὸ τῶν κλείθρων πλήρης ἦν ὁ λιμὴν τῶν κατʼ ὀλίγους ναυμαχούντων. §13.15.5ἔνθα δὴ παραβόλως ἀμφοτέρων περὶ τῆς νίκης ἀγωνιζομένων, οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι τῷ τε πλήθει τῶν νεῶν θαρροῦντες καὶ σωτηρίαν ἄλλην οὐχ ὁρῶντες θρασέως ἐκινδύνευον καὶ τὸν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ θάνατον εὐγενῶς ὑπέμενον· οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι θεατὰς τῶν ἀγώνων ἔχοντες γονεῖς καὶ παῖδας ἐφιλοτιμοῦντο πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ἑκάστου βουλομένου διʼ ἑαυτοῦ τὴν νίκην περιγενέσθαι τῇ πατρίδι.
The Syracusans, having quickly put to sea, drew up their triremes, and engaging with their opponents, forced them to turn back from the barrier and fight to the end. As some made their backing water toward the beach, others toward the middle of the harbor, and some toward the walls, all the triremes were quickly scattered from one another, and being separated from the barriers, the harbor was full of men fighting in small groups. There, indeed, while both sides fought desperately for victory, the Athenians, trusting in the multitude of their ships and seeing no other safety, bravely faced the danger and nobly endured death in battle; the Syracusans, having their parents and children as spectators of the contests, vied with one another, each wishing that through himself victory should be won for the fatherland.

Notes

  1. 13.15.1εἰ καὶ πρότερον — An elliptical idiomatic expression with the apodosis omitted. It means 'if ever before (you have exerted yourselves for your country and yourselves, do so now),' serving to urge the greatest effort in the face of an unprecedented crisis.
  2. 13.15.1κεῖσθαι — An infinitive in indirect discourse. It depends on the implied idea of saying or arguing in the main verb `εδεῖτο` (he implored), used within the `γάρ` clause showing the reason.
  3. 13.15.4ποιουμένων δὲ τὰς ἀνακρούσεις — A genitive absolute construction with the present participle `ποιουμένων`. The logical subject is subdivided into the subsequent `τῶν μὲν ... τῶν δʼ ... τινῶν δὲ` (some ... others ... and some). `ἀνάκρουσις` refers to backing water or backing astern.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.15.1-13.15.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.15.1-13.15.5

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