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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §12.17.1-12.17.5

Charondas' Procedure for Legal Revision and the One-Eyed Man

Passage 111 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The strict procedure for law revision established by Charondas (using a noose) is introduced, followed by the specific example of a one-eyed man who successfully revised a law.

§12.17.1τὸν δʼ οὖν Χαρώνδαν φασὶ παραδοξότατον νενομοθετηκέναι περὶ τῆς διορθώσεως τῶν νόμων.
Now they say that Charondas enacted a most extraordinary law concerning the revision of the laws.
ὁρῶντα γὰρ αὐτὸν ἐν ταῖς πλείσταις πόλεσι διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἐπιχειρούντων ἐπανορθοῦν τοὺς νόμους λυμαινομένους μὲν τὰς προϋπαρχούσας νομοθεσίας, εἰς στάσεις δὲ τὰ πλήθη προαγομένους, ἴδιόν τι καὶ παντελῶς ἐξηλλαγμένον νομοθετῆσαι. §12.17.2προσέταξε γὰρ τὸν βουλόμενον διορθῶσαί τινα νόμον, ὅταν ποιῆται τὴν περὶ τῆς διορθώσεως συμβουλίαν, τὸν ἑαυτοῦ τράχηλον εἰς βρόχον ἐντιθέναι, καὶ μένειν ἄχρι ἂν ὅτου τὴν κρίσιν ὁ δῆμος περὶ τοῦ διορθουμένου νόμου ποιήσηται, κἂν μὲν ἡ ἐκκλησία προσδέξηται τὸν ὕστερον γραφόμενον, ἀπολύεσθαι τὸν εἰσηγησάμενον, ἐὰν δὲ ἄκυρον ποιήσηται τὴν διόρθωσιν, παραχρῆμα θνήσκειν ὑπὸ τοῦ βρόχου σφιγγόμενον. §12.17.3τοιαύτης δὲ κατὰ τὴν διόρθωσιν τῆς νομοθεσίας οὔσης, καὶ τοῦ φόβου τοὺς νεωτέρους νομοθέτας κολάζοντος, οὐδεὶς ἐτόλμα περὶ νόμων διορθώσεως φωνὴν προΐεσθαι· ἐν παντὶ δὲ τῷ μετὰ ταῦτα χρόνῳ παρὰ τοῖς Θουρίοις τρεῖς οἱ πάντες ἱστοροῦνται διορθωταὶ διὰ τό τινας ἀναγκαίας περιστάσεις ἐπὶ τὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς διορθώσεως συμβουλίαν παραγενέσθαι. §12.17.4νόμου γὰρ ὄντος, ἐάν τίς τινος ὀφθαλμὸν ἐκκόψῃ, ἀντεκκεκόπτεσθαι τὸν ἐκείνου, ἑτερόφθαλμός τις ἐκκοπεὶς τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν καὶ στερηθεὶς ὅλης τῆς ὁράσεως τῷ τὸν ἕνα ἀντεκκεκόφθαι τὸν δράσαντα ἔλαττον ὑπέλαβε πρόστιμον ἐκτῖσαι·
For, seeing that in most cities, because of the multitude of those who attempt to correct the laws, people ruin the pre-existing legislation and lead the multitudes into sedition, he established a law that was unique and completely exceptional. For he ordered that anyone who wished to revise a law should, when making the proposal for the revision, put his own neck into a noose, and remain there until the people should make their decision concerning the law to be revised; and if the assembly accepted the law written later, the proposer should be released, but if it made the revision invalid, he should die immediately, strangled by the noose. Since the legislation concerning revision was of this kind, and fear restrained the prospective lawgivers, no one dared to utter a word about the revision of laws; and in all the time thereafter, only three revisers in all are recorded among the Thurians, who came forward to propose revision because of certain necessary circumstances. For there being a law that if anyone knocks out someone's eye, his own should be knocked out in return, a certain one-eyed man, having had his eye knocked out and thus being deprived of his entire sight, considered that the perpetrator, by having his single eye knocked out in return, had paid too small a penalty.
τυφλώσαντα γὰρ ἕνα τῶν πολιτῶν, εἰ τὸ κατὰ νόμον πρόστιμον ὁ πράξας ὑπομένοι, μὴ τετευχέναι τῆς ἴσης συμφορᾶς· δίκαιον οὖν εἶναι τὸν ἑτερόφθαλμον τὴν ὅρασιν ἀφελόμενον ἀμφοτέρους ἐκκόπτεσθαι τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, εἰ μέλλει τὴν ἴσην ἀναδέχεσθαι τιμωρίαν. §12.17.5διὸ καὶ περιαλγῆ γενόμενον τὸν ἑτερόφθαλμον ἀποτολμῆσαι λόγον ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ διαθέσθαι περὶ τῆς ἰδίας συμφορᾶς, ἅμα μὲν τοῖς πολίταις ἀποδυρόμενον τὴν ἰδίαν ἀτυχίαν, ἅμα δὲ συμβουλεύοντα τοῖς πλήθεσι διορθώσασθαι τὸν νόμον· τέλος δὲ δόντα τὸν τράχηλον εἰς βρόχον καὶ ἐπιτυχόντα τῇ συμβουλίᾳ, ἀκυρῶσαι μὲν τὸν ὑπάρχοντα νόμον, βεβαιῶσαι δὲ τὸν διορθωθέντα, καὶ διαφυγεῖν τὸν τοῦ βρόχου θάνατον.
For he believed that the one who blinded one of the citizens, if he should undergo only the penalty according to the law, would not have met with an equal misfortune; therefore, it was just that the one who deprived a one-eyed man of his sight should have both his eyes knocked out, if he were to receive an equal punishment. Therefore, being deeply grieved, the one-eyed man dared to deliver a speech in the assembly about his own misfortune, on the one hand lamenting his own misfortune to the citizens, and on the other hand advising the multitude to revise the law; and finally, having put his neck into the noose and having succeeded in his proposal, he invalidated the existing law, confirmed the revised one, and escaped death by the noose.

Notes

  1. 12.17.1ὁρῶντα γὰρ αὐτὸν — Since the main verb of the clause `νομοθετῆσαι` is an infinitive dependent on `φασί` (accusative with infinitive construction), its subject `αὐτόν` is in the accusative case, and consequently the participle `ὁρῶντα` is also in the accusative (masculine singular accusative).
  2. 12.17.4τὸν ἑτερόφθαλμον τὴν ὅρασιν ἀφελόμενον — The subject of `ἀφελόμενον` (aorist middle participle of `ἀφαιρέω`, "the one who deprived") is the perpetrator, and both `τὸν ἑτερόφθαλμον` (the one-eyed man) and `τὴν ὅρασιν` (the sight) are direct objects of the participle (double accusative). The entire participial phrase functions as the subject accusative of the infinitive `ἐκκόπτεσθαι`.
  3. 12.17.4τῷ τὸν ἕνα ἀντεκκεκόφθαι τὸν δράσαντα — The articular infinitive in the dative case `τῷ ... ἀντεκκεκόφθαι` expresses cause. Its subject accusative is `τὸν δράσαντα` (the perpetrator), and `τὸν ἕνα` (the single eye, another accusative) is the direct object of the verb.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §12.17.1-12.17.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:12.17.1-12.17.5

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