§12.16.1ἕτερον δὲ ἔθηκε νόμον κατὰ τῶν λιπόντων τὴν ἐν πολέμῳ τάξιν ἢ τὸ σύνολον μὴ ἀναλαβόντων τὰ ὅπλα ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος.
And he enacted another law against those who abandon their post in war or who do not take up arms at all on behalf of their fatherland.
τῶν γὰρ ἄλλων νομοθετῶν κατὰ τῶν τοιούτων τεθεικότων θάνατον τὸ πρόστιμον, οὗτος προσέταξε τοὺς τοιούτους ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ ἐφʼ ἡμέρας τρεῖς καθῆσθαι ἐν ἐσθῆσι γυναικείαις.
For while the other lawgivers had established death as the penalty against such men, he ordered that such persons should sit in the marketplace for three days in women's clothing.
§12.16.2ὁ δὲ νόμος οὗτος ἅμα μὲν φιλανθρωπότερός ἐστι τῶν παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις, ἅμα δὲ λεληθότως τῷ μεγέθει τῆς ἀτιμίας ἀποτρέπει τοὺς ὁμοίους τούτοις τῆς ἀνανδρίας· κρεῖττον γάρ ἐστιν ἀποθανεῖν ἢ τοιαύτης ὕβρεως ἐν τῇ πατρίδι πειραθῆναι·
This law is, on the one hand, more humane than those of the others, and on the other hand, it secretly deters those like them from cowardice by the magnitude of the disgrace; for it is better to die than to experience such an insult in one's fatherland.
ἅμα δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντας οὐκ ἠφάνισεν, ἀλλὰ τῇ πόλει πρὸς τὰς πολεμικὰς χρείας ἐτήρησʼ ὡς διορθωσομένους τῇ διὰ τῆς ὕβρεως κολάσει καὶ σπεύσοντας ἑτέροις ἀνδραγαθήμασιν ἐξαλεῖψαι τὴν προγεγενημένην αἰσχύνην.
At the same time, it did not do away with those who erred, but preserved them for the city for the needs of war, on the ground that they would correct themselves through the punishment of insult and would hasten to wipe out the past shame by other deeds of valor.
§12.16.3διὰ δὲ τῆς ἀποτομίας τῶν νόμων διέσωσε τοὺς νόμους ὁ νομοθέτης.
Moreover, through the strictness of his laws, the lawgiver preserved the laws.
προσέταξε γὰρ ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου πείθεσθαι τῷ νόμῳ, κἂν ᾖ παντελῶς κακῶς γεγραμμένος· διορθοῦν δὲ συνεχώρησε τὸν χρείαν ἔχοντα διορθώσεως.
For he commanded that the law be obeyed by all means, even if it should be altogether badly written; but he permitted the revision of the law that stood in need of revision.
§12.16.4τὸ μὲν γὰρ ἡττᾶσθαι ὑπὸ νομοθέτου καλὸν εἶναι ὑπελάμβανε, τὸ δὲ ὑπὸ ἰδιώτου παντελῶς ἄτοπον, καὶ εἰ ἐπὶ τῷ συμφέροντι γίνεται.
For he held that to be defeated by a lawgiver is honorable, but to be defeated by an individual is altogether absurd, even if it is done for the sake of utility.
καὶ μάλιστα διὰ τοῦ τοιούτου τρόπου τοὺς ἐν τοῖς δικαστηρίοις τῶν παρανενομηκότων προφάσεις καὶ διανοίας ἀντὶ τῶν ῥητῶν εἰσάγοντας ἐκώλυσε ταῖς ἰδίαις εὑρησιλογίαις καταλύειν τὴν τῶν νόμων ὑπεροχήν· §12.16.5διὸ καί τινας τῶν τοιαύτας κατηγορίας πεποιημένων πρὸς τοὺς δικαστὰς τοὺς δικάζοντας περὶ τῆς τῶν παρανενομηκότων τιμωρίας εἰπεῖν ὅτι σώζειν ἀναγκαῖον ἢ τὸν νόμον ἢ τὸν ἄνδρα.
And especially by such means he prevented those among the lawbreakers who introduce pretexts and intentions in the law courts instead of the written words from destroying the supremacy of the laws by their personal sophistries; therefore, some of those who brought such accusations said to the judges who were deciding on the... punishment of the lawbreakers that it was necessary either to save the law or the man.