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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §11.6.1-11.6.4

Demaratus' Warning and the Opening Assault on Thermopylae

Passage 7 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Xerxes laughs at the Greeks' response and questions the Spartan exile Demaratus about their courage, who warns that they will fight bravely for liberty. The Persian army advances to Thermopylae, sending the Medes and Marathon-war survivors' relatives first, while Leonidas prepares to meet them at the narrowest pass.

§11.6.1ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἀκούσας παρὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων τὰς τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἀποκρίσεις προσεκαλέσατο Δημάρατον Σπαρτιάτην, ἐκ τῆς πατρίδος πεφευγότα πρὸς αὐτόν, καταγελάσας δὲ τῶν ἀποκρίσεων ἐπηρώτησε τὸν Λάκωνα, πότερον οἱ Ἕλληνες ὀξύτερον τῶν ἐμῶν ἵππων φεύξονται ἢ πρὸς τηλικαύτας δυνάμεις παρατάξασθαι τολμήσουσι; §11.6.2τὸν δὲ Δημάρατον εἰπεῖν φασιν ὡς οὐδʼ αὐτὸς σὺ τὴν ἀνδρείαν τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἀγνοεῖς· τοὺς γὰρ ἀφισταμένους τῶν βαρβάρων Ἑλληνικαῖς δυνάμεσι καταπολεμεῖς·
The king, having heard the replies of the Greeks from the messengers, summoned Demaratus the Spartan, who had fled from his homeland to him, and laughing at the replies, he asked the Laconian: "Will the Greeks flee more swiftly than my horses, or will they dare to array themselves against such great forces?" And they say that Demaratus replied: "Not even you yourself are ignorant of the courage of the Greeks; for you subdue those of the barbarians who revolt by means of Greek forces.
ὥστε μὴ νόμιζε τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῆς σῆς ἀρχῆς ἄμεινον τῶν Περσῶν ἀγωνιζομένους ὑπὲρ τῆς ἰδίας ἐλευθερίας ἧττον κινδυνεύσειν πρὸς τοὺς Πέρσας. ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης καταγελάσας αὐτοῦ προσέταξεν ἀκολουθεῖν, ὅπως ἴδῃ φεύγοντας τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους.
Therefore, do not think that those who fight better than the Persians on behalf of your empire will run fewer risks against the Persians on behalf of their own liberty." But Xerxes, having laughed at him, commanded him to follow, so that he might see the Lacedaemonians fleeing.
§11.6.3τὴν δὲ δύναμιν ἀναλαβὼν ἧκεν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐν Θερμοπύλαις Ἕλληνας, προτάξας ἁπάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν Μήδους, εἴτε διʼ ἀνδρείαν προκρίνας αὐτοὺς εἴτε καὶ βουλόμενος ἅπαντας ἀπολέσαι· ἐνῆν γὰρ ἔτι φρόνημα τοῖς Μήδοις, τῆς τῶν προγόνων ἡγεμονίας οὐ πάλαι καταπεπονημένης.
Having recuperated his force, he came against the Greeks at Thermopylae, having placed the Medes in front of all the nations, either because he preferred them for their courage or because he wished to destroy them all; for there was still a proud spirit in the Medes, since the hegemony of their ancestors had been overthrown not long before.
§11.6.4συνυπέδειξε δὲ τοῖς Μήδοις καὶ τῶν ἐν Μαραθῶνι τετελευτηκότων ἀδελφοὺς καὶ υἱούς, νομίζων τούτους ἐκθυμότατα τιμωρήσεσθαι τοὺς Ἕλληνας.
And he also pointed out and sent along with the Medes the brothers and sons of those who had died at Marathon, thinking that these would avenge themselves upon the Greeks with the greatest passion.
οἱ μὲν οὖν Μῆδοι τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον συνταχθέντες προσέπεσον τοῖς φυλάττουσι τὰς Θερμοπύλας· ὁ δὲ Λεωνίδης εὖ παρεσκευασμένος συνήγαγε τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐπὶ τὸ στενώτατον τῆς παρόδου.
Thus the Medes, having been arrayed in this manner, fell upon those guarding Thermopylae; but Leonidas, having prepared well, gathered the Greeks at the narrowest part of the pass.

Notes

  1. §11.6.1ὀξύτερον τῶν ἐμῶν ἵππων — The comparative adverb ὀξύτερον (more swiftly) is followed by the genitive of comparison τῶν ἐμῶν ἵππων (than my horses).
  2. §11.6.2τοὺς ὑπὲρ τῆς σῆς ἀρχῆς ἄμεινον τῶν Περσῶν ἀγωνιζομένους — This phrase forms the subject accusative of the infinitive κινδυνεύσειν, governed by the imperative μὴ νόμιζε (do not think). It contains a complex hyperbaton where modifying phrases and the genitive of comparison τῶν Περσῶν (than the Persians) are embedded between the article τοὺς and the participle ἀγωνιζομένους.
  3. §11.6.3τῆς τῶν προγόνων ἡγεμονίας οὐ πάλαι καταπεπονημένης — A genitive absolute construction where the noun ἡγεμονίας (hegemony) functions as the subject and the perfect passive participle καταπεπονημένης as the predicate, expressing the cause ("since the hegemony of their ancestors had not long before been overthrown").
  4. §11.6.4νομίζων τούτους ἐκθυμότατα τιμωρήσεσθαι τοὺς Ἕλληνας — The participle νομίζων (thinking) governs an accusative and infinitive construction, with τούτους as the subject accusative and τιμωρήσεσθαι as the future middle (deponent) infinitive. The deponent infinitive has an active meaning ("to avenge themselves on") and takes the accusative object τοὺς Ἕλληνας.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §11.6.1-11.6.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:11.6.1-11.6.4

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