§11.2.1ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης ἁμιλλώμενος πρὸς τὴν τῶν Καρχηδονίων σπουδήν, ὑπερεβάλετο πάσαις ταῖς παρασκευαῖς τοσοῦτον ὅσον καὶ τῷ πλήθει τῶν ἐθνῶν ὑπερεῖχε Καρχηδονίων.
Xerxes, vying with the zeal of the Carthaginians, surpassed them in all his preparations by as much as he excelled the Carthaginians in the multitude of the nations under his rule.
ἤρξατο δὲ ναυπηγεῖσθαι κατὰ πᾶσαν τὴν παραθαλάττιον τὴν ὑπʼ αὐτὸν ταττομένην, Αἴγυπτόν τε καὶ Φοινίκην καὶ Κύπρον, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις Κιλικίαν καὶ Παμφυλίαν καὶ Πισιδικήν, ἔτι δὲ Λυκίαν καὶ Καρίαν καὶ Μυσίαν καὶ Τρῳάδα καὶ τὰς ἐφʼ Ἑλλησπόντῳ πόλεις καὶ τὴν Βιθυνίαν καὶ τὸν Πόντον.
He began to build ships along the entire seacoast subject to him—Egypt, Phoenicia, Cyprus, and in addition to these Cilicia, Pamphylia, Pisidia, and also Lycia, Caria, Mysia, Troas, the cities on the Hellespont, Bithynia, and Pontus.
ὁμοίως δὲ τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις τριετῆ χρόνον παρασκευασάμενος κατεσκεύασε ναῦς μακρὰς πλείους τῶν χιλίων καὶ διακοσίων.
Having spent three years in his preparations, just as the Carthaginians had done, he constructed more than twelve hundred warships.
§11.2.2συνεβάλετο δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ Δαρεῖος, πρὸ τῆς τελευτῆς παρασκευὰς πεποιημένος μεγάλων δυνάμεων· καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος ἡττημένος ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων ἐν Μαραθῶνι Δάτιδος ἡγουμένου, χαλεπῶς διέκειτο πρὸς τοὺς νενικηκότας Ἀθηναίους.
His father Darius had also contributed to this, having made preparations for great forces before his death; for he too, having been defeated by the Athenians at Marathon under the leadership of Datis, was bitterly disposed toward the victorious Athenians.
ἀλλὰ Δαρεῖος μὲν μέλλων ἤδη διαβαίνειν ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐμεσολαβήθη τελευτήσας, ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης διά τε τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς ἐπιβολὴν καὶ τὴν τοῦ Μαρδονίου συμβουλίαν, καθότι προείρηται, διέγνω πολεμεῖν τοῖς Ἕλλησιν.
But while Darius, being already on the point of crossing over against the Greeks, was cut short by death, Xerxes, both because of his father's design and because of Mardonius' advice, as has been said before, resolved to make war on the Greeks.
§11.2.3ὡς δʼ αὐτῷ πάντα τὰ πρὸς τὴν στρατείαν ἡτοίμαστο, τοῖς μὲν ναυάρχοις παρήγγειλεν ἀθροίζειν τὰς ναῦς εἰς Κύμην καὶ Φώκαιαν, αὐτὸς δʼ ἐξ ἁπασῶν τῶν σατραπειῶν συναγαγὼν τὰς πεζὰς καὶ ἱππικὰς δυνάμεις, προῆγεν ἐκ τῶν Σούσων.
When all things for the campaign had been prepared for him, he ordered his admirals to assemble the ships at Cyme and Phocaea, while he himself, having gathered the infantry and cavalry forces from all the satrapies, advanced from Susa.
ὡς δʼ ἧκεν εἰς Σάρδεις, κήρυκας ἐξέπεμψεν εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, προστάξας εἰς πάσας τὰς πόλεις ἰέναι καὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας αἰτεῖν ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν.
When he arrived at Sardis, he sent heralds to Greece, commanding them to go to all the cities and demand water and earth from the Greeks.
§11.2.4τὴν δὲ στρατιὰν διελόμενος ἐξαπέστειλε τοὺς ἱκανοὺς ζεῦξαι μὲν τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον, διασκάψαι δὲ τὸν Ἄθω κατὰ τὸν αὐχένα τῆς Χερρονήσου, ἅμα μὲν ταῖς δυνάμεσιν ἀσφαλῆ καὶ σύντομον τὴν διέξοδον ποιούμενος, ἅμα δὲ τῷ μεγέθει τῶν ἔργων ἐλπίζων προκαταπλήξεσθαι τοὺς Ἕλληνας.
Having divided his army, he sent out those who were sufficient to bridge the Hellespont and to dig through Athos along the neck of the Chersonese, on the one hand making a safe and short passage for his forces, and on the other hand hoping to strike terror into the Greeks beforehand by the magnitude of these works.
οἱ μὲν οὖν πεμφθέντες ἐπὶ τὴν κατασκευὴν τῶν ἔργων ταχέως ἤνυον διὰ τὴν πολυχειρίαν τῶν ἐργαζομένων.
Accordingly, those who had been sent for the construction of the works completed them quickly because of the vast number of workers.
§11.2.5οἱ δʼ Ἕλληνες πυθόμενοι τὸ μέγεθος τῆς τῶν Περσῶν δυνάμεως, ἐξέπεμψαν εἰς Θετταλίαν μυρίους ὁπλίτας τοὺς καταληψομένους τὰς περὶ τὰ Τέμπη παρόδους· ἡγεῖτο δὲ τῶν μὲν Λακεδαιμονίων Συνετός, τῶν δὲ Ἀθηναίων Θεμιστοκλῆς.
But the Greeks, when they learned of the magnitude of the Persian forces, dispatched ten thousand hoplites into Thessaly to occupy the passes around Tempe; Synetus led the Lacedaemonians and Themistocles the Athenians.
οὗτοι δὲ πρὸς τὰς πόλεις πρεσβευτὰς ἀποστείλαντες ἠξίουν ἀποστέλλειν στρατιώτας τοὺς κοινῇ φυλάξοντας τὰς παρόδους· ἔσπευδον γὰρ ἁπάσας τὰς Ἑλληνίδας πόλεις διαλαβεῖν ταῖς προφυλακαῖς καὶ κοινοποιήσασθαι τὸν πρὸς τοὺς Πέρσας πόλεμον.
These men, sending ambassadors to the cities, requested them to dispatch soldiers to guard the passes in common; for they were eager to include all the Greek cities in their outposts and to make the war against the Persians a common cause.
§11.2.6ἐπεὶ δὲ τῶν Θετταλῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων τῶν πλησιοχώρων ταῖς παρόδοις ἔδωκαν οἱ πλείους ὕδωρ τε καὶ γῆν τοῖς ἀφιγμένοις ἀγγέλοις ἀπὸ Ξέρξου, ἀπογνόντες τὴν περὶ τὰ Τέμπη φυλακὴν ἐπανῆλθον εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν.
However, when most of the Thessalians and the other Greeks who dwelt near the passes gave water and earth to the messengers who had come from Xerxes, they abandoned the defense around Tempe and returned to their own lands.