§11.1.1ἡ μὲν οὖν πρὸ ταύτης βίβλος, τῆς ὅλης συντάξεως οὖσα δεκάτη, τὸ τέλος ἔσχε τῶν πράξεων εἰς τὸν προηγούμενον ἐνιαυτὸν τῆς Ξέρξου διαβάσεως εἰς τὴν Εὐρώπην καὶ εἰς τὰς γενομένας δημηγορίας ἐν τῇ κοινῇ συνόδῳ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐν Κορίνθῳ περὶ τῆς Γέλωνος συμμαχίας τοῖς Ἕλλησιν· ἐν ταύτῃ δὲ τὸ συνεχὲς τῆς ἱστορίας ἀναπληροῦντες ἀρξόμεθα μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς Ξέρξου στρατείας ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας, καταλήξομεν δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν προηγούμενον ἐνιαυτὸν τῆς Ἀθηναίων στρατείας ἐπὶ Κύπρον ἡγουμένου Κίμωνος.
The book preceding this one, being the tenth of the entire work, brought its narrative of events to a close with the year before the crossing of Xerxes into Europe, and with the speeches delivered in the general assembly of the Greeks at Corinth concerning the alliance of Gelon with the Greeks; but in this book, while filling out the continuation of the history, we shall begin with the campaign of Xerxes against the Greeks and end with the year before the campaign of the Athenians against Cyprus under the leadership of Cimon.
§11.1.2ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος γὰρ Ἀθήνησι Καλλιάδου Ῥωμαῖοι κατέστησαν ὑπάτους Σπόριον Κάσσιον καὶ Πρόκλον Οὐεργίνιον Τρίκοστον, ἤχθη δὲ καὶ παρʼ Ἠλείοις Ὀλυμπιὰς πέμπτη πρὸς ταῖς ἑβδομήκοντα, καθʼ ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Ἀστύλος Συρακόσιος.
For when Calliades was archon in Athens, the Romans appointed Spurius Cassius and Proclus Verginius Tricostus as consuls, and the seventy-fifth Olympiad was celebrated among the Eleans, in which Astylus of Syracuse won the stadion race.
ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων Ξέρξης ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα διὰ ταύτην τὴν αἰτίαν.
During their terms of office, King Xerxes campaigned against Greece for the following reason.
§11.1.3Μαρδόνιος ὁ Πέρσης ἀνεψιὸς μὲν καὶ κηδεστὴς ἦν Ξέρξου, διὰ δὲ σύνεσιν καὶ ἀνδρείαν μάλιστα θαυμαζόμενος παρὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις.
Mardonius the Persian was a cousin and brother-in-law of Xerxes, and was admired among the Persians especially for his wisdom and courage.
οὗτος μετέωρος ὢν τῷ φρονήματι καὶ τὴν ἡλικίαν ἀκμάζων, ἐπεθύμει μεγάλων δυνάμεων ἀφηγήσασθαι· διόπερ ἔπεισε τὸν Ξέρξην καταδουλώσασθαι τοὺς Ἕλληνας, ἀεὶ πολεμικῶς ἔχοντας πρὸς τοὺς Πέρσας.
Being ambitious in spirit and in the prime of his youth, he desired to command great forces; therefore he persuaded Xerxes to subjugate the Greeks, who were always hostilely disposed toward the Persians.
§11.1.4ὁ δὲ Ξέρξης πεισθεὶς αὐτῷ καὶ βουλόμενος πάντας τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἀναστάτους ποιῆσαι, διεπρεσβεύσατο πρὸς Καρχηδονίους περὶ κοινοπραγίας καὶ συνέθετο πρὸς αὐτούς, ὥστε αὐτὸν μὲν ἐπὶ τοὺς τὴν Ἑλλάδα κατοικοῦντας Ἕλληνας στρατεύειν, Καρχηδονίους δὲ τοῖς αὐτοῖς χρόνοις μεγάλας παρασκευάσασθαι δυνάμεις καὶ καταπολεμῆσαι τῶν Ἑλλήνων τοὺς περὶ Σικελίαν καὶ Ἰταλίαν οἰκοῦντας.
Xerxes, having been persuaded by him and wishing to drive all the Greeks from their homes, sent embassies to the Carthaginians to discuss common action, and made an agreement with them that he himself should campaign against the Greeks who inhabited Greece, while the Carthaginians at the same time should prepare great forces and defeat those of the Greeks who dwelt around Sicily and Italy.
§11.1.5ἀκολούθως οὖν ταῖς συνθήκαις Καρχηδόνιοι μὲν χρημάτων πλῆθος ἀθροίσαντες μισθοφόρους συνῆγον ἔκ τε τῆς Ἰταλίας καὶ Λιγυστικῆς, ἔτι δὲ Γαλατίας καὶ Ἰβηρίας, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ἐκ τῆς Λιβύης ἁπάσης καὶ τῆς Καρχηδόνος κατέγραφον πολιτικὰς δυνάμεις· τέλος δὲ τριετῆ χρόνον περὶ τὰς παρασκευὰς ἀσχοληθέντες ἤθροισαν πεζῶν μὲν ὑπὲρ τὰς τριάκοντα μυριάδας, ναῦς δὲ διακοσίας.
Accordingly, in obedience to the treaty, the Carthaginians gathered a vast amount of money and assembled mercenaries from Italy and Liguria, and also from Galatia and Iberia, and in addition to these they enrolled civic forces from all Libya and Carthage; finally, having spent three years in their preparations, they gathered more than three hundred thousand infantry and two hundred ships.