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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §11.16.1-11.16.3

Panic among the Greeks and Wall Built at the Isthmus

Passage 17 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Following the decision to fight at Salamis, panic spreads among the Greek forces due to the size of the Persian army, leading the Peloponnesians to quickly construct a defensive wall across the Isthmus.

§11.16.1τέλος δὲ κοινοῦ δόγματος γενομένου περὶ Σαλαμῖνα ναυμαχεῖν, οἱ μὲν Ἕλληνες παρεσκευάζοντο τὰ πρὸς τοὺς Πέρσας καὶ πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον.
And finally, when a common decision had been reached to hold the sea-battle around Salamis, the Greeks were preparing for the Persians and for the danger.
ὁ δʼ οὖν Εὐρυβιάδης παραλαβὼν τὸν Θεμιστοκλέα παρακαλεῖν ἐπεχείρει τὰ πλήθη καὶ προτρέπεσθαι πρὸς τὸν ἐπιφερόμενον κίνδυνον.
Eurybiades, therefore, taking Themistocles with him, attempted to encourage the multitudes and to urge them forward to face the approaching danger.
οὐ μὴν τὸ πλῆθος ὑπήκουεν, ἀλλὰ πάντων καταπεπληγμένων τὸ μέγεθος τῶν Περσικῶν δυνάμεων οὐδεὶς προσεῖχε τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν, ἀλλʼ ἕκαστος ἐκ τῆς Σαλαμῖνος ἐκπλεῖν ἔσπευδεν εἰς τὴν Πελοπόννησον.
However, the multitude did not obey; rather, since all were terrified by the magnitude of the Persian forces, no one paid attention to the commanders, but each was eager to sail away from Salamis to the Peloponnese.
§11.16.2οὐδὲν δʼ ἧττον καὶ τὸ πεζὸν στρατόπεδον τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐδεδίει τὰς τῶν πολεμίων δυνάμεις, ἥ τε τῶν περὶ Θερμοπύλας ἀπώλεια τῶν ἀξιολογωτάτων ἀνδρῶν παρείχετο κατάπληξιν, καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν Ἀττικὴν συμπτώματα πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν ὄντα πολλὴν ἀθυμίαν ἐνεποίει τοῖς Ἕλλησιν.
Nonetheless, the land army of the Greeks also feared the forces of the enemy; the loss of the most distinguished men around Thermopylae caused panic, and the disasters around Attica, being before their eyes, produced great despondency among the Greeks.
§11.16.3οἱ δὲ σύνεδροι τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὁρῶντες τὴν τῶν ὄχλων ταραχὴν καὶ τὴν ὅλην ἔκπληξιν, ἐψηφίσαντο διατειχίζειν τὸν Ἰσθμόν.
And the councilors of the Greeks, seeing the confusion of the multitudes and the general panic, voted to build a wall across the Isthmus.
καὶ ταχὺ τῶν ἔργων συντελεσθέντων διὰ τὴν προθυμίαν καὶ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἐργαζομένων, οἱ μὲν Πελοποννήσιοι ὠχύρουν τὸ τεῖχος, διατεῖνον ἐπὶ σταδίους τετταράκοντα ἀπὸ Λεχαίου μέχρι Κεγχρεῶν, οἱ δʼ ἐν τῇ Σαλαμῖνι διατρίβοντες μετὰ παντὸς τοῦ στόλου κατεπλάγησαν ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον, ὥστε μηκέτι πειθαρχεῖν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν.
Since the works were quickly completed because of the enthusiasm and the great number of the workers, the Peloponnesians fortified the wall, which extended for forty stades from Lechaeum to Cenchreae; but those staying in Salamis with the entire fleet were terrified to such a degree that they no longer obeyed their commanders.

Notes

  1. 11.16.1καταπεπληγμένων τὸ μέγεθος — In the genitive absolute (πάντων καταπεπληγμένων), the perfect passive participle καταπεπληγμένων ('terrified') is accompanied by the accusative of respect or specification (τὸ μέγεθος), indicating that they were overwhelmed 'with respect to the magnitude' of the Persian forces.
  2. 11.16.2ἥ τε τῶν περὶ Θερμοπύλας ἀπώλεια τῶν ἀξιολογωτάτων ἀνδρῶν — The noun ἀπώλεια ('loss', 'destruction') is modified by two parallel elements: the attributive prepositional phrase (τῶν περὶ Θερμοπύλας, 'those around Thermopylae') and the objective genitive (τῶν ἀξιολογωτάτων ἀνδρῶν, 'of the most distinguished men'). It means 'the destruction of the most distinguished men at Thermopylae'.
  3. 11.16.3διατεῖνον — The present active participle διατεῖνον ('stretching', 'extending') is in the neuter singular nominative/accusative, modifying its immediate antecedent, the neuter noun τὸ τεῖχος ('the wall'), in an attributive position.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §11.16.1-11.16.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:11.16.1-11.16.3

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