§7.323Πλάτων τοῖς Δίωνος οἰκείοις τε καὶ ἑταίροις εὖ πράττειν.
Plato to the relatives and companions of Dion, wishes well-doing.
ἐπεστείλατέ μοι νομίζειν δεῖν τὴν διάνοιαν ὑμῶν εἶναι τὴν αὐτὴν ἣν εἶχεν καὶ δίων, καὶ δὴ καὶ κοινωνεῖν διεκελεύεσθέ μοι, καθʼ ὅσον οἷός τέ εἰμι ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ.
You wrote to me that I must consider your intention to be the same as that which Dion had, and you indeed also urged me to cooperate with you, as far as I am able, in deed and word.
§7.324ἐγὼ δέ, εἰ μὲν δόξαν καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχετε ἐκείνῳ, σύμφημι κοινωνήσειν, εἰ δὲ μή, βουλεύσεσθαι πολλάκις.
For my part, if you hold the same opinion and desire as he did, I agree to cooperate; but if not, I shall deliberate many times.
τίς δʼ ἦν ἡ ἐκείνου διάνοια καὶ ἐπιθυμία, σχεδὸν οὐκ εἰκάζων ἀλλʼ ὡς εἰδὼς σαφῶς εἴποιμʼ ἄν.
As to what his intention and desire was, I could speak not merely guessing, but as knowing it clearly.
ὅτε γὰρ κατʼ ἀρχὰς εἰς Συρακούσας ἐγὼ ἀφικόμην, σχεδὸν ἔτη τετταράκοντα γεγονώς, δίων εἶχε τὴν ἡλικίαν ἣν τὰ νῦν Ἱππαρῖνος γέγονεν, καὶ ἣν ἔσχεν τότε δόξαν, ταύτην καὶ διετέλεσεν ἔχων, Συρακοσίους οἴεσθαι δεῖν ἐλευθέρους εἶναι, κατὰ νόμους τοὺς ἀρίστους οἰκοῦντας·
For when at the beginning I arrived in Syracuse, being about forty years old, Dion was of the age that Hipparinus is now; and the opinion which he held then, he also continued to hold to the end, namely, that the Syracusans ought to be free, dwelling under the best laws.
ὥστε οὐδὲν θαυμαστὸν εἴ τις θεῶν καὶ τοῦτον εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν δόξαν περὶ πολιτείας ἐκείνῳ γενέσθαι σύμφρονα ποιήσειεν.
Consequently, it is not at all surprising if some god should make this man also agree with him in the same opinion concerning government.
τίς δʼ ἦν ὁ τρόπος τῆς γενέσεως αὐτῆς, οὐκ ἀπάξιον ἀκοῦσαι νέῳ καὶ μὴ νέῳ, πειράσομαι δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς αὐτὴν ἐγὼ πρὸς ὑμᾶς διεξελθεῖν· ἔχει γὰρ καιρὸν τὰ νῦν.
But what the manner of its origin was, is not unworthy for both young and old to hear, and I shall try to relate it to you from the beginning; for the present moment is opportune.
νέος ἐγώ ποτε ὢν πολλοῖς δὴ ταὐτὸν ἔπαθον· ᾠήθην, εἰ θᾶττον ἐμαυτοῦ γενοίμην κύριος, ἐπὶ τὰ κοινὰ τῆς πόλεως εὐθὺς ἰέναι.
Once when I was young, I experienced the same thing that many indeed do: I thought that as soon as I should become my own master, I would go straight to the public affairs of the city.
καί μοι τύχαι τινὲς τῶν τῆς πόλεως πραγμάτων τοιαίδε παρέπεσον.
And certain fortunes of the city's affairs befell me as follows.
ὑπὸ πολλῶν γὰρ τῆς τότε πολιτείας λοιδορουμένης μεταβολὴ γίγνεται, καὶ τῆς μεταβολῆς εἷς καὶ πεντήκοντά τινες ἄνδρες προύστησαν ἄρχοντες, ἕνδεκα μὲν ἐν ἄστει, δέκα δʼ ἐν Πειραεῖ—περί τε ἀγορὰν ἑκάτεροι τούτων ὅσα τʼ ἐν τοῖς ἄστεσι διοικεῖν ἔδει—τριάκοντα δὲ πάντων ἄρχοντες κατέστησαν αὐτοκράτορες.
For when the government of that time was being abused by many, a change took place, and of this change fifty-one men stood as leaders in authority: eleven in the city, ten in Piraeus—each of these groups had to manage affairs concerning the marketplace and whatever was to be administered in the cities—while thirty were established as rulers with absolute power over all things.
τούτων δή τινες οἰκεῖοί τε ὄντες καὶ γνώριμοι ἐτύγχανον ἐμοί, καὶ δὴ καὶ παρεκάλουν εὐθὺς ὡς ἐπὶ προσήκοντα πράγματά με.
Now some of these happened to be relatives and acquaintances of mine, and indeed they immediately invited me to join them as if in affairs that suited me.
καὶ ἐγὼ θαυμαστὸν οὐδὲν ἔπαθον ὑπὸ νεότητος· ᾠήθην γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἔκ τινος ἀδίκου βίου ἐπὶ δίκαιον τρόπον ἄγοντας διοικήσειν δὴ τὴν πόλιν, ὥστε αὐτοῖς σφόδρα προσεῖχον τὸν νοῦν, τί πράξοιεν.
And I experienced nothing surprising because of my youth; for I thought that they would govern the city by leading it from an unjust life to a righteous way, so that I paid close attention to them to see what they would do.
καὶ ὁρῶν δήπου τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐν χρόνῳ ὀλίγῳ χρυσὸν ἀποδείξαντας τὴν ἔμπροσθεν πολιτείαν—τά τε ἄλλα καὶ φίλον ἄνδρα ἐμοὶ πρεσβύτερον Σωκράτη, ὃν ἐγὼ σχεδὸν οὐκ ἂν αἰσχυνοίμην εἰπὼν δικαιότατον εἶναι τῶν τότε, ἐπί τινα τῶν πολιτῶν μεθʼ ἑτέρων ἔπεμπον, βίᾳ ἄξοντα ὡς ἀποθανούμενον, ἵνα δὴ μετέχοι τῶν πραγμάτων αὐτοῖς, εἴτε βούλοιτο εἴτε μή· §7.325ὁ δʼ οὐκ ἐπείθετο, πᾶν δὲ παρεκινδύνευσεν παθεῖν πρὶν ἀνοσίων αὐτοῖς ἔργων γενέσθαι κοινωνός—ἃ δὴ πάντα καθορῶν καὶ εἴ τινʼ ἄλλα τοιαῦτα οὐ σμικρά, ἐδυσχέρανά τε καὶ ἐμαυτὸν ἐπανήγαγον ἀπὸ τῶν τότε κακῶν.
And seeing, of course, that in a short time these men made the former government appear like gold—among other things, they sent my elderly friend Socrates, whom I would almost not be ashamed to call the most righteous man of those times, along with others to one of the citizens, to bring him by force in order to be executed, so that he might share in their deeds, whether he wished to or not; but he did not obey, and risked suffering everything rather than become a partner in their unholy deeds. Perceiving all these things and any other such matters of no small importance, I was disgusted and withdrew myself from the evils of that time.
χρόνῳ δὲ οὐ πολλῷ μετέπεσε τὰ τῶν τριάκοντά τε καὶ πᾶσα ἡ τότε πολιτεία· πάλιν δὲ βραδύτερον μέν, εἷλκεν δέ με ὅμως ἡ περὶ τὸ πράττειν τὰ κοινὰ καὶ πολιτικὰ ἐπιθυμία.
Not long after, the power of the Thirty fell, along with the whole of that government; and again, though more slowly, I was nevertheless drawn by the desire to engage in public and political affairs.
ἦν οὖν καὶ ἐν ἐκείνοις ἅτε τεταραγμένοις πολλὰ γιγνόμενα ἅ τις ἂν δυσχεράνειεν, καὶ οὐδέν τι θαυμαστὸν ἦν τιμωρίας ἐχθρῶν γίγνεσθαί τινών τισιν μείζους ἐν μεταβολαῖς· καίτοι πολλῇ γε ἐχρήσαντο οἱ τότε κατελθόντες ἐπιεικείᾳ.
Therefore, even in those times, since things were turbulent, many things happened which one might find disgusting; and it was not at all surprising that during revolutions some people inflicted excessive vengeance upon their enemies; and yet, those who returned at that time showed great moderation.
κατὰ δέ τινα τύχην αὖ τὸν ἑταῖρον ἡμῶν Σωκράτη τοῦτον δυναστεύοντές τινες εἰσάγουσιν εἰς δικαστήριον, ἀνοσιωτάτην αἰτίαν ἐπιβαλόντες καὶ πάντων ἥκιστα Σωκράτει προσήκουσαν· ὡς ἀσεβῆ γὰρ οἱ μὲν εἰσήγαγον, οἱ δὲ κατεψηφίσαντο καὶ ἀπέκτειναν τὸν τότε τῆς ἀνοσίου ἀγωγῆς οὐκ ἐθελήσαντα μετασχεῖν περὶ ἕνα τῶν τότε φευγόντων φίλων, ὅτε φεύγοντες ἐδυστύχουν αὐτοί.
But by some fortune, on the other hand, certain men in power brought this companion of ours, Socrates, into court, bringing against him a most unholy charge, and one least of all fitting for Socrates; for some prosecuted him on the charge of impiety, and others condemned and put to death the very man who, at that time, had refused to participate in the unholy arrest of one of their exiled friends, when they themselves were in exile and suffering misfortune.
σκοποῦντι δή μοι ταῦτά τε καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοὺς πράττοντας τὰ πολιτικά, καὶ τοὺς νόμους γε καὶ ἔθη, ὅσῳ μᾶλλον διεσκόπουν ἡλικίας τε εἰς τὸ πρόσθε προύβαινον, τοσούτῳ χαλεπώτερον ἐφαίνετο ὀρθῶς εἶναί μοι τὰ πολιτικὰ διοικεῖν· οὔτε γὰρ ἄνευ φίλων ἀνδρῶν καὶ ἑταίρων πιστῶν οἷόν τʼ εἶναι πράττειν—οὓς οὔθʼ ὑπάρχοντας ἦν εὑρεῖν εὐπετές, οὐ γὰρ ἔτι ἐν τοῖς τῶν πατέρων ἤθεσιν καὶ ἐπιτηδεύμασιν ἡ πόλις ἡμῶν διῳκεῖτο, καινούς τε ἄλλους ἀδύνατον ἦν κτᾶσθαι μετά τινος ῥᾳστώνης—τά τε τῶν νόμων γράμματα καὶ ἔθη διεφθείρετο καὶ ἐπεδίδου θαυμαστὸν ὅσον, ὥστε με, τὸ πρῶτον πολλῆς μεστὸν ὄντα ὁρμῆς ἐπὶ τὸ πράττειν τὰ κοινά, βλέποντα εἰς ταῦτα καὶ φερόμενα ὁρῶντα πάντῃ πάντως, τελευτῶντα ἰλιγγιᾶν,
As I observed these things and the men who were active in politics, and indeed the laws and customs, the more I examined them and the further I advanced in age, the more difficult it appeared to me to administer political affairs correctly; for on the one hand, it was not possible to act without trustworthy friends and companions—whom it was not easy to find already at hand, since our city was no longer administered according to the customs and practices of our fathers, and it was impossible to acquire other new ones with any ease—and on the other hand, the written laws and customs were being corrupted and were deteriorating to an astonishing degree. Consequently, I, who at first had been full of great eagerness to engage in public affairs, as I looked at these things and saw everything being carried along in utter confusion, ended by becoming dizzy,