Humanitext Reader

Plato · Letters §6.322-6.323

Advice on Unity to Hermias and Friends and the Oath

Passage 10 of 34 · Greek

Summary

Plato writes to the ruler Hermias and the philosophers Erastus and Coriscus, advising them to unite their respective strengths to form a strong, complementary alliance, and instructs them to read this letter periodically alongside a sacred oath.

§6.322Πλάτων Ἑρμείᾳ καὶ Ἐράστῳ καὶ Κορίσκῳ εὖ πράττειν.
Plato to Hermias, Erastus, and Coriscus, wishes well-doing.
ἐμοὶ φαίνεται θεῶν τις ὑμῖν τύχην ἀγαθήν, ἂν εὖ δέξησθε, εὐμενῶς καὶ ἱκανῶς παρασκευάζειν· οἰκεῖτε γὰρ δὴ γείτονές τε ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς καὶ χρείαν ἔχοντες ὥστε ἀλλήλους εἰς τὰ μέγιστα ὠφελεῖν.
It seems to me that some one of the gods is, if you receive it well, kindly and adequately preparing a good fortune for you; for indeed you dwell as neighbors to one another and have a need such as to benefit one another in the greatest matters.
Ἑρμείᾳ μὲν γὰρ οὔτε ἵππων πλῆθος οὔτε ἄλλης πολεμικῆς συμμαχίας οὐδʼ αὖ χρυσοῦ προσγενομένου γένοιτʼ ἂν μείζων εἰς τὰ πάντα δύναμις, ἢ φίλων βεβαίων τε καὶ ἦθος ἐχόντων ὑγιές· Ἐράστῳ δὲ καὶ Κορίσκῳ, πρὸς τῇ τῶν εἰδῶν σοφίᾳ τῇ καλῇ ταύτῃ, φήμʼ ἐγώ, καίπερ γέρων ὤν, προσδεῖν σοφίας τῆς περὶ τοὺς πονηροὺς καὶ ἀδίκους φυλακτικῆς καί τινος ἀμυντικῆς δυνάμεως.
For to Hermias, neither a multitude of horses nor of other military alliance, nor indeed gold if added to him, would become a greater power for all things than the acquisition of friends who are both firm and possess a healthy character; whereas to Erastus and Coriscus, in addition to this beautiful wisdom of the Forms, I declare, though I am an old man, that there is a further need of the wisdom that is defensive against the wicked and unjust, and of a certain protective power.
ἄπειροι γάρ εἰσι διὰ τὸ μεθʼ ἡμῶν μετρίων ὄντων καὶ οὐ κακῶν συχνὸν διατετριφέναι τοῦ βίου· διὸ δὴ τούτων προσδεῖν εἶπον, ἵνα μὴ ἀναγκάζωνται τῆς ἀληθινῆς μὲν ἀμελεῖν σοφίας, τῆς δὲ ἀνθρωπίνης τε καὶ ἀναγκαίας ἐπιμελεῖσθαι μειζόνως ἢ δεῖ.
For they are inexperienced, because of having spent a long part of their life with us, who are moderate and not wicked; for which reason indeed I said they need these things, so that they may not be compelled to neglect true wisdom, and to care for that which is human and necessary more than is proper.
§6.323ταύτην δʼ αὖ τὴν δύναμιν Ἑρμείας μοι φαίνεται φύσει τε, ὅσα μήπω συγγεγονότι, καὶ τέχνῃ διʼ ἐμπειρίας εἰληφέναι.
This power, on the other hand, Hermias seems to me to have acquired both by nature, so far as I can judge since I have not yet met him, and by art through experience.
τί οὖν δὴ λέγω;
What, then, do I mean to say?
σοὶ μέν, Ἑρμεία, πεπειραμένος Ἐράστου καὶ Κορίσκου πλέονα ἢ σύ, φημὶ καὶ μηνύω καὶ μαρτυρῶ μὴ ῥᾳδίως εὑρήσειν σε ἀξιοπιστότερα ἤθη τούτων τῶν γειτόνων· ἔχεσθαι δὴ παντὶ συμβουλεύω δικαίῳ τρόπῳ τούτων τῶν ἀνδρῶν, μὴ πάρεργον ἡγουμένῳ.
To you, Hermias, since I have had more trial of Erastus and Coriscus than you have, I declare and intimate and witness that you will not easily find characters more trustworthy than these neighbors of yours; I advise you, therefore, to hold fast to these men in every righteous way, not considering it a secondary matter.
Κορίσκῳ δὲ καὶ Ἐράστῳ πάλιν Ἑρμείου ἀντέχεσθαι σύμβουλός εἰμι καὶ πειρᾶσθαι ταῖς ἀνθέξεσιν ἀλλήλων εἰς μίαν ἀφικέσθαι φιλίας συμπλοκήν.
And to Coriscus and Erastus, on the other hand, I am a counselor to hold fast to Hermias, and to try, by these mutual attachments, to arrive at a single intertwined bond of friendship.
ἂν δέ τις ὑμῶν ἄρα ταύτην πῃ λύειν δοκῇ—τὸ γὰρ ἀνθρώπινον οὐ παντάπασιν βέβαιον—δεῦρο παρʼ ἐμὲ καὶ τοὺς ἐμοὺς πέμπετε μομφῆς κατήγορον ἐπιστολήν· οἶμαι γὰρ δίκῃ τε καὶ αἰδοῖ τοὺς παρʼ ἡμῶν ἐντεῦθεν ἐλθόντας λόγους, εἰ μή τι τὸ λυθὲν μέγα τύχοι γενόμενον, ἐπῳδῆς ἡστινοσοῦν μᾶλλον ἂν συμφῦσαι καὶ συνδῆσαι πάλιν εἰς τὴν προϋπάρχουσαν φιλότητά τε καὶ κοινωνίαν, ἣν ἂν μὲν φιλοσοφῶμεν ἅπαντες ἡμεῖς τε καὶ ὑμεῖς, ὅσον ἂν δυνώμεθα καὶ ἑκάστῳ παρείκῃ, κύρια τὰ νῦν κεχρησμῳδημένα ἔσται.
But if, after all, any one of you should seem in any way to loosen this bond—for the human element is not altogether stable—send here to me and my friends a letter accusing and complaining; for I think that our words going from here, by justice and respect, unless indeed the breach should happen to be some great thing, would, more than any incantation whatsoever, grow together and bind you back again into the pre-existing friendship and community; which, if we all, both we and you, practice philosophy as much as we can and as far as is permitted to each, the things now declared as by an oracle will be valid.
τὸ δὲ ἂν μὴ δρῶμεν ταῦτα οὐκ ἐρῶ· φήμην γὰρ ἀγαθὴν μαντεύομαι, καὶ φημὶ δὴ ταῦθʼ ἡμᾶς πάντʼ ἀγαθὰ ποιήσειν, ἂν θεὸς ἐθέλῃ.
But what will happen if we do not do these things, I will not say; for I divine a good omen, and I declare indeed that we shall make all these things good, if God wills.
ταύτην τὴν ἐπιστολὴν πάντας ὑμᾶς τρεῖς ὄντας ἀναγνῶναι χρή, μάλιστα μὲν ἁθρόους, εἰ δὲ μή, κατὰ δύο, κοινῇ κατὰ δύναμιν ὡς οἷόν τʼ ἐστὶν πλειστάκις, καὶ χρῆσθαι συνθήκῃ καὶ νόμῳ κυρίῳ, ὅ ἐστιν δίκαιον, ἐπομνύντας σπουδῇ τε ἅμα μὴ ἀμούσῳ καὶ τῇ τῆς σπουδῆς ἀδελφῇ παιδιᾷ, καὶ τὸν τῶν πάντων θεὸν ἡγεμόνα τῶν τε ὄντων καὶ τῶν μελλόντων, τοῦ τε ἡγεμόνος καὶ αἰτίου πατέρα κύριον ἐπομνύντας, ὅν, ἂν ὄντως φιλοσοφῶμεν, εἰσόμεθα πάντες σαφῶς εἰς δύναμιν ἀνθρώπων εὐδαιμόνων.
This letter, all of you being three must read, preferably all together, but if not, by twos, in common, as often as possible according to your power, and use it as a covenant and a binding law, which is just, swearing at once with a seriousness that is not uncultured, and with playfulness, the sister of seriousness, and swearing by the God who is the ruler of all things that are and are to be, and by the Father and Lord of that ruler and cause, whom, if we truly practice philosophy, we shall all know clearly, as far as lies in the power of happy men.

Notes

  1. 323aὅσα μήπω συγγεγονότι — The dative participle `συγγεγονότι` (from `συγγίγνομαι`, "to meet with, associate with") agrees with `μοι` ("to me"), the logical subject of the impersonal verb `φαίνεται`. Accompanied by the relative pronoun `ὅσα` used adverbially to express limitation ("as far as"), it means "so far as I can judge, who have not yet met him directly."
  2. 323cἣν ἂν μὲν φιλοσοφῶμεν — The relative pronoun `ἣν` refers back to `φιλότητά τε καὶ κοινωνίαν` (friendship and community). Instead of filling a direct case slot in the main clause `κύρια τὰ νῦν κεχρησμῳδημένα ἔσται` (the things now declared as by an oracle will be valid), it acts as a relative connection or topic marker, introducing the embedded conditional clause `ἂν μὲν φιλοσοφῶμεν` (if indeed we practice philosophy).
  3. 323dτὸν τῶν πάντων θεὸν ἡγεμόνα... πατέρα κύριον ἐπομνύντας — The participle `ἐπομνύντας` (from `ἐπόμνυμι`, "to swear by", masculine accusative plural agreeing with the implied subject of the infinitives `ἀναγνῶνα` and `χρῆσθαι`) takes direct accusative objects. Two distinct cosmic levels are sworn by here: (1) `τὸν τῶν πάντων θεὸν ἡγεμόνα τῶν τε ὄντων καὶ τῶν μελλόντων` (the god who is ruler of all things that are and are to be) and (2) `τοῦ τε ἡγεμόνος καὶ αἰτίου πατέρα κύριον` (the father and lord of the ruler and cause), reflecting a metaphysical distinction between the cosmic ruling intellect and the transcendent supreme first principle.

Cite this passage

Plato, Letters §6.322-6.323. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0059.tlg036.humanitext-grc2:6.322-6.323

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