§986ΑΘ. οἷον γὰρ εἴ ποτέ τις ἡμῶν ἥλιον ἢ σελήνην ἑωρακὼς ἦν γιγνομένους ἐφορῶντάς τε ἡμᾶς πάντας, καὶ μὴ ἔφραζεν ἀδύνατος ὤν πῃ φράζειν, τιμῆς τε ἀμοίρους ὄντας ἅμα καὶ μὴ προθυμοῖτο τό γε αὑτοῦ μέρος, εἰς ἔντιμον χώραν καταφανεῖς ἄγων αὐτούς, ἑορτάς τε αὐτοῖς γίγνεσθαι ποιεῖν καὶ θυσίας, ἀπολαμβανόμενόν τε χρόνον ἑκάστοις μειζόνων καὶ ἐλαττόνων πολλάκις ἐνιαυτῶν ὥρας διανέμειν, ἆρʼ οὐκ ἂν κακὸς ἑαυτῷ τε καὶ ἄλλῳ τῷ γιγνώσκοντι λεγόμενος ἐν δίκῃ συνεδόκει λέγεσθαί ποτʼ ἄν;
ATHENIAN: For if, for instance, some one of us had seen the sun or the moon coming into being and watching over all of us, and did not declare it—though he was in no way unable to declare it—and while they were deprived of honor, he did not show eagerness, as far as his own part is concerned, to bring them into a place of honor by making them visible, and to cause festivals and sacrifices to be made for them, and to distribute the apportioned time to each as seasons of many larger and smaller years, would he not, when called wicked both to himself and to anyone else who knew it, seem to be spoken of justly?
ΚΛ. πῶς γὰρ οὔκ, ὦ ξένε;
CLEINIAS: How indeed could he not, stranger?
κάκιστος μὲν οὖν.
Rather, he would be the worst.
ΑΘ. τοῦτο τοίνυν, ὦ Κλεινία φίλε, περὶ ἐμὲ νῦν γιγνόμενον ἴσθι φανερῶς.
ATHENIAN: Know then, dear Cleinias, that this very thing is now clearly happening in my own case.
ΚΛ. πῶς λέγεις;
CLEINIAS: How do you mean?
ΑΘ. ἴστε ὀκτὼ δυνάμεις τῶν περὶ ὅλον οὐρανὸν γεγονυίας ἀδελφὰς ἀλλήλων, ὧν καθεώρακα ἐγώ—καὶ οὐδὲν μέγα διαπέπραγμαι· ῥᾴδιον γὰρ καὶ ἑτέρῳ—τούτων δʼ εἰσὶ τρεῖς αὗται, μία μὲν ἡλίου, μία δὲ σελήνης, μία δὲ τῶν ἄστρων ὧν ἐμνήσθημεν ὀλίγον ἔμπροσθεν, πέντε δὲ ἕτεραι.
ATHENIAN: You know that there are eight powers that have come to be around the whole heaven, sisters of one another, which I have observed—and I have accomplished nothing great, for it is easy also for another—and of these, there are these three, one of the sun, one of the moon, and one of the stars which we mentioned a little while ago, and five others.
ταύτας δὴ πάσας καὶ τούτους τοὺς ἐν ταύταισιν εἴτε αὐτοὺς ἰόντας εἴτε φερομένους ἐν ὀχήμασι πορεύεσθαι ταύτῃ, μηδεὶς ἄλλως ποτὲ νομίσῃ πάντων ἡμῶν ὡς οἱ μὲν θεοί εἰσιν αὐτῶν, οἱ δʼ οὔ, μηδʼ ὡς οἱ μὲν γνήσιοι, οἱ δὲ τοιοῦτοί τινες οἵους οὐδὲ θέμις εἰπεῖν ἡμῶν οὐδενί, πάντες δὲ δὴ πάντας λέγωμέν τε καὶ φῶμεν ἀδελφούς τʼ εἶναι καὶ ἐν ἀδελφαῖς μοίραις, καὶ τιμὰς ἀποδιδῶμεν μὴ τῷ μὲν ἐνιαυτόν, τῷ δὲ μῆνα, τοῖς δὲ μήτε τινὰ μοῖραν τάττωμεν μήτε τινὰ χρόνον ἐν ᾧ διεξέρχεται τὸν αὑτοῦ πόλον, συναποτελῶν κόσμον ὃν ἔταξεν λόγος ὁ πάντων θειότατος ὁρατόν·
Indeed, let no one of us ever think otherwise concerning all these powers, and those who are in them—whether they go by themselves or are carried in chariots to journey in this way—that some of them are gods and others are not, nor that some are legitimate and others are of such a kind as is not even lawful for any of us to speak of; but let us all say and assert that all of them are both brothers and in sisterly portions. And let us render honors, not appointing a year to one and a month to another, while assigning neither any portion to the others nor any time in which each traverses its own orbit, completing together the visible order which the most divine logos of all has ordained.
ὃν ὁ μὲν εὐδαίμων πρῶτον μὲν ἐθαύμασεν, ἔπειτα δὲ ἔρωτα ἔσχεν τοῦ καταμαθεῖν ὁπόσα θνητῇ φύσει δυνατά, ἡγούμενος ἄρισθʼ οὕτως εὐτυχέστατά τε διάξειν τὸν βίον τελευτήσας τε εἰς τόπους ἥξειν προσήκοντας ἀρετῇ, καὶ μεμυημένος ἀληθῶς τε καὶ ὄντως, μεταλαβὼν φρονήσεως εἷς ὢν μιᾶς, τὸν ἐπίλοιπον χρόνον θεωρὸς τῶν καλλίστων γενόμενος, ὅσα κατʼ ὄψιν, διατελεῖ.
This order the happy person first admired, and then conceived a desire to understand as much as is possible for mortal nature, believing that he would thus pass his life best and most happily, and having died, would come to places fitting for virtue; and having been truly and really initiated, having partaken of one wisdom as one person, he continues for the remaining time as a spectator of the most beautiful things, as far as sight is concerned.
νῦν δὴ τὸ μετὰ τοῦθʼ ἡμῖν λοιπὸν λέγειν ὅσοι τʼ εἰσίν, καὶ τίνες· οὐ γὰρ μήποτε φανῶμεν ψευδεῖς.
Now, indeed, what remains for us after this is to say both how many they are and who they are; for never shall we appear false.
βεβαίως δὴ διισχυρίζομαι τό γε τοσοῦτον.
At least this much I firmly assert.
λέγω γὰρ πάλιν ὀκτὼ μὲν εἶναι, τῶν δὲ ὀκτὼ τρεῖς μὲν εἰρῆσθαι, πέντε δʼ ἔτι λοιπάς.
For I say again that they are eight, and of the eight, three have been mentioned, and five are still remaining.
ἡ τετάρτη δὲ φορὰ καὶ διέξοδος ἅμα καὶ πέμπτη τάχει μὲν ἡλίῳ σχεδὸν ἴση, καὶ οὔτε βραδυτέρα οὔτε θάττων τό γʼ ἐπίπαν.
And the fourth and at the same time fifth motion and passage is in speed almost equal to the sun, and is as a whole neither slower nor faster.
δεῖ τούτων τριῶν ὄντων τὸν νοῦν ἱκανὸν ἔχοντα ἡγεῖσθαι.
It is necessary to believe that he who possesses sufficient intellect guides these three existing things.
λέγωμεν δὴ ταύτας ἡλίου τʼ εἶναι καὶ ἑωσφόρου, καὶ τρίτου—ὡς μὲν ὀνόματι φράζειν οὐκ ἔστιν διὰ τὸ μὴ γιγνώσκεσθαι, τούτου δʼ αἴτιος ὁ πρῶτος ταῦτα κατιδὼν βάρβαρος ὤν·
Let us say, then, that these belong to the sun, to the morning star, and to a third—which cannot be expressed by name because it is not known, and the cause of this is that the first to observe these things was a barbarian.