§984ΑΘ. ἢ γὰρ θεοὺς αὐτοὺς ταῦτα ὑμνητέον ὀρθότατα, ἢ θεῶν εἰκόνας ὡς ἀγάλματα ὑπολαβεῖν γεγονέναι, θεῶν αὐτῶν ἐργασαμένων· οὐ γὰρ ἀνοήτων γε οὐδὲ βραχέος ἀξίων, ἀλλʼ ὅπερ εἰρήκαμεν, τούτων ἡμῖν θάτερα θετέα, τὰ δὲ τεθέντα τιμητέον πάντων ἀγαλμάτων διαφερόντως·
ATHENIAN: For either one must hymn these most correctly as gods themselves, or suppose them to have been generated as images of gods, like cult statues, crafted by the gods themselves; for indeed they are not the work of unintelligent beings nor of little worth, but as we have said, we must posit one of these two, and we must honor the things posited exceptionally above all cult statues.
οὐ γὰρ μήποτε φανῇ καλλίω καὶ κοινότερα συμπάντων ἀνθρώπων ἀγάλματα, οὐδʼ ἐν διαφέρουσιν τόποις ἱδρυμένα, καθαριότητι καὶ σεμνότητι καὶ συμπάσῃ ζωῇ διαφέροντα ἢ ταύτῃ ὡς πάντῃ ταύτῃ γεγένηται.
For there will never appear cult statues more beautiful and more common to all mankind, nor ones set up in different places, that excel in purity, majesty, and entire life, than in the way these have been generated in every such way.
νῦν οὖν δὴ περὶ θεῶν ἐγχειρῶμεν τό γε τοσοῦτον, τὰ δύο κατιδόντες ζῷα ὁρατὰ ἡμῖν, ἅ φαμεν ἀθάνατον, τὸ δὲ γήινον ἅπαν θνητὸν γεγονέναι, τὰ τρία τὰ μέσα τῶν πέντε τὰ μεταξὺ τούτων σαφέστατα κατὰ δόξαν τὴν ἐπιεικῆ γεγονότα πειραθῆναι λέγειν.
Now therefore, let us attempt at least this much concerning the gods: having closely observed the two visible living beings—one of which we say is immortal, while the other which is of earth has been generated as entirely mortal—let us try to speak most clearly, according to reasonable opinion, about the three intermediate ones of the five that are between these, as to how they have been generated.
αἰθέρα μὲν γὰρ μετὰ τὸ πῦρ θῶμεν, ψυχὴν δʼ ἐξ αὐτοῦ τιθῶμεν πλάττειν ζῷα δύναμιν ἔχοντα, ὥσπερ τῶν ἄλλων γενῶν, τὸ πολὺ μὲν τῆς αὐτοῦ φύσεως, τὰ δὲ σμικρότερα συνδέσμου χάριν ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων γενῶν· μετὰ δὲ τὸν αἰθέρα ἐξ ἀέρος πλάττειν τὴν ψυχὴν γένος ἕτερον ζῴων, καὶ τὸ τρίτον ἐξ ὕδατος.
For let us posit ether after fire, and let us suppose that the soul fashions from it living beings possessing power, just as in the case of the other kinds, for the most part of its own nature, but in smaller parts from the other kinds for the sake of a bond; and after ether, that the soul fashions another kind of living beings from air, and the third from water.
πάντα δὲ δημιουργήσασαν ταῦτα ψυχὴν ζῴων εἰκὸς ὅλον οὐρανὸν ἐμπλῆσαι, χρησαμένην πᾶσι τοῖς γένεσι κατὰ δύναμιν, πάντων μὲν μετόχων τοῦ ζῆν γεγονότων· δεύτερα δὲ καὶ τρίτα καὶ τέταρτα καὶ πέμπτα, ἀπὸ θεῶν τῶν φανερῶν ἀρξάμενα γενέσεως, εἰς ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἀποτελευτᾶν.
And it is likely that the soul, having fashioned all these living beings, filled the entire heaven, having used all the kinds according to its power, all of them having become partakers of life; and that the second, third, fourth, and fifth kinds, beginning their generation from the visible gods, end in us humans.
θεοὺς μὲν δή, Δία τε καὶ Ἥραν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους πάντας, ὅπῃ τις ἐθέλει, ταύτῃ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τιθέσθω νόμον καὶ πάγιον ἐχέτω τοῦτον τὸν λόγον· θεοὺς δὲ δὴ τοὺς ὁρατούς, μεγίστους καὶ τιμιωτάτους καὶ ὀξύτατον ὁρῶντας πάντῃ, τοὺς πρώτους τὴν τῶν ἄστρων φύσιν λεκτέον καὶ ὅσα μετὰ τούτων αἰσθανόμεθα γεγονότα, μετὰ δὲ τούτους καὶ ὑπὸ τούτοις ἑξῆς δαίμονας, ἀέριον δὲ γένος, ἔχον ἕδραν τρίτην καὶ μέσην, τῆς ἑρμηνείας αἴτιον, εὐχαῖς τιμᾶν μάλα χρεὼν χάριν τῆς εὐφήμου διαπορείας.
As for the gods indeed, Zeus and Hera and all the others, let anyone posit them in whatever way he wishes according to the same law, and let him hold this account as firm; but as for the visible gods, the greatest and most honored and seeing most sharply in every direction, one must call the first of them the nature of the stars and whatever things we perceive to have been generated along with these, and after these and under these in order, the daimones, an aerial kind, having the third and middle seat, responsible for interpretation, whom one must honor greatly with prayers for the sake of their auspicious passage.
§985ΑΘ. τῶν δὲ δύο τούτων ζῴων, τοῦ τʼ ἐξ αἰθέρος ἐφεξῆς τε ἀέρος ὄν, διορώμενον ὅλον αὐτῶν ἑκάτερον εἶναι—παρὸν δὴ πλησίον οὐ κατάδηλον ἡμῖν γίγνεσθαι—μετέχοντα δὲ φρονήσεως θαυμαστῆς, ἅτε γένους ὄντα εὐμαθοῦς τε καὶ μνήμονος, γιγνώσκειν μὲν σύμπασαν τὴν ἡμετέραν αὐτὰ διάνοιαν λέγωμεν, καὶ τόν τε καλὸν ἡμῶν καὶ ἀγαθὸν ἅμα θαυμαστῶς ἀσπάζεσθαι καὶ τὸν σφόδρα κακὸν μισεῖν, ἅτε λύπης μετέχοντα ἤδη—θεὸν μὲν γὰρ δὴ τὸν τέλος ἔχοντα τῆς θείας μοίρας ἔξω τούτων εἶναι, λύπης τε καὶ ἡδονῆς, τοῦ δὲ φρονεῖν καὶ τοῦ γιγνώσκειν κατὰ πάντα μετειληφέναι— καὶ συμπλήρους δὴ ζῴων οὐρανοῦ γεγονότος, ἑρμηνεύεσθαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους τε καὶ τοὺς ἀκροτάτους θεοὺς πάντας τε καὶ πάντα, διὰ τὸ φέρεσθαι τὰ μέσα τῶν ζῴων ἐπί τε γῆν καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ὅλον οὐρανὸν ἐλαφρᾷ φερόμενα ῥύμῃ.
ATHENIAN: And of these two living beings, that which is of ether and that which is next of air, each of them is entirely transparent—indeed, though being present near us, it does not become clearly visible to us—but partaking of wondrous prudence, since they belong to a kind that is quick to learn and mindful, let us say that they know our entire mind, and that they wonderfully welcome the beautiful and good among us, and hate the exceedingly bad, since they already partake of pain—(for indeed God, who has the perfection of the divine portion, is outside of these, both pain and pleasure, but has partaken of thinking and knowing in all respects)— and that, heaven being filled with living beings, they interpret to one another and to all the highest gods, all people and all things, because the intermediate living beings are carried both to earth and to the whole heaven, being borne with a light rush.
τὸ δὲ ὕδατος πέμπτον ὂν ἡμίθεον μὲν ἀπεικάσειεν ἄν τις ὀρθῶς ἀπεικάζων ἐξ αὐτοῦ γεγονέναι, καὶ τοῦτʼ εἶναι τοτὲ μὲν ὁρώμενον, ἄλλοτε δὲ ἀποκρυφθὲν ἄδηλον γιγνόμενον, θαῦμα κατʼ ἀμυδρὰν ὄψιν παρεχόμενον.
But the fifth, being of water, one would correctly liken, if likening it, to a demigod generated from it, and that this is sometimes visible, and at other times hidden and becoming unseen, presenting a wonder to dim sight.
τούτων δὴ τῶν πέντε ὄντως ὄντων ζῴων, ὅπῃ τινὲς ἐνέτυχον ἡμῶν, ἢ καθʼ ὕπνον ἐν ὀνειροπολίᾳ προστυχόντες, ἢ κατὰ φήμας τε καὶ μαντείας λεχθέν τισιν ἐν ἀκοαῖς ὑγιαίνουσιν ἢ καὶ κάμνουσιν, ἢ καὶ τελευτῇ βίου προστυχέσι γενομένοις, ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ δημοσίᾳ δόξας παραγενομένας, ὅθεν ἱερὰ πολλὰ πολλῶν γέγονεν, τὰ δὲ γενήσεται, τούτων πάντων νομοθέτης, ὅστις νοῦν κέκτηται καὶ τὸν βραχύτατον, οὔποτε μὴ τολμήσῃ καινοτομῶν, ἐπὶ θεοσέβειαν ἥτις μὴ σαφὲς ἔχει τι τρέψαι πόλιν ἑαυτοῦ· καὶ μὴν οὐδʼ ὧν ὁ πάτριος νόμος εἴρηκεν περὶ θυσιῶν ἀποκωλύσει, μηδὲν τὸ παράπαν εἰδώς, ὥσπερ οὐδʼ ὂν δυνατὸν εἰδέναι τῇ θνητῇ φύσει τῶν τοιούτων πέρι.
Indeed, of these five truly existing living beings, wherever some of us have encountered them, either meeting them during sleep in dreamland, or through voices and prophecies spoken to some in healthy hearings or even in sickness, or having met them at the end of life, and opinions having arisen privately and publicly, whence many sanctuaries of many have arisen, and others will arise—concerning all these, a legislator who possesses intellect, even the briefest, will never dare, by making innovations, to turn his own city to a worship of gods which has nothing clear; nor indeed will he prevent what the ancestral law has said concerning sacrifices, knowing nothing at all about them, just as it is not even possible for mortal nature to know about such things.
τοὺς δὲ ὄντως ἡμῖν φανεροὺς ὄντας θεοὺς ἆρʼ οὐχ αὑτὸς λόγος ἔχει κακίστους εἶναι τοὺς μὴ τολμῶντας λέγειν ἡμῖν καὶ φανεροὺς ποιεῖν ἀνοργιάστους τε ὄντας ἑτέρους θεοὺς καὶ τιμὰς μὴ δεχομένους τὰς προσηκούσας αὐτοῖς;
But as for the gods who are truly visible to us, does not the very same account hold that those are worst who do not dare to speak of them to us and make them visible, when they are without rites like other gods and do not receive the honors fitting for them?
νῦν δὲ δὴ συμβαίνει γιγνόμενον ἅμα τὸ τοιοῦτον·
And now indeed, it happens that such a thing occurs at the same time: