§981ΑΘ. εἰ δʼ ἔχει τοῦτο οὕτως, τό γε πρῶτον ἡμῖν τοῦ πρώτου τῆς γενέσεως πιθανώτερον ἂν εἴη σχεδὸν ὑπηργμένον· καὶ θῶμεν δὴ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς ἀρχῆς εὐσχημονέστερον ἔχειν, καὶ τῶν μεγίστων σοφίας περὶ θεῶν γενέσεως ὀρθότατα ἐπιβαίνειν ἡμᾶς.
ATHENIAN: But if this is so, then the first point concerning the first origin of generation would be established for us as already almost more plausible; and let us assume indeed that the beginning of the beginning is in a more proper state, and that we are embarking most correctly upon the greatest matters of wisdom concerning the generation of the gods.
ΚΛ. ἔστω ταῦτα εἰς δύναμιν λεγόμενα.
CLINIAS: Let these things be spoken according to our ability.
ΑΘ. φέρε δή, ζῷόν γε ἀληθέστατα λέγεσθαι κατὰ φύσιν φῶμεν τοῦτό γε, ὅταν μία συνελθοῦσα σύστασις ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος ἀποτέκῃ μίαν μορφήν;
ATHENIAN: Come then, shall we say that this indeed is most truly called a living being according to nature, when a single combined constitution of soul and body produces a single form?
ΚΛ. ὀρθῶς.
CLINIAS: Correctly so.
ΑΘ. ζῷον μὲν δὴ τὸ τοιοῦτον καλεῖται δικαιότατα;
ATHENIAN: Is it then such a thing that is most justly called a living being?
ΚΛ. ναί.
CLINIAS: Yes.
ΑΘ. στερεὰ δὲ σώματα λέγεσθαι χρὴ κατὰ τὸν εἰκότα λόγον πέντε, ἐξ ὧν κάλλιστα καὶ ἄριστά τις ἂν πλάττοι, τὸ δὲ ἄλλο γένος ἅπαν ἔχει μορφὴν μίαν· οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἀσώματον ὅτι τʼ ἄλλο γίγνοιτʼ ἂν καὶ χρῶμα οὐδὲν οὐδαμῶς οὐδέποτʼ ἔχον, πλὴν τὸ θειότατον ὄντως ψυχῆς γένος.
ATHENIAN: But we must say, according to the reasonable account, that there are five solid bodies, from which one might fashion the most beautiful and best things, while all the other kind has a single form; for there is nothing else that could become incorporeal and have absolutely no color at any time, except the truly most divine kind of soul.
τοῦτο δʼ ἐστὶ σχεδὸν ᾧ μόνῳ πλάττειν καὶ δημιουργεῖν προσήκει, σώματι δέ, ὃ λέγομεν, πλάττεσθαι καὶ γίγνεσθαι καὶ ὁρᾶσθαι· τῷ δέ—λέγωμεν πάλιν· οὐ γὰρ ἅπαξ ῥητέον—ἀοράτῳ τε εἶναι καὶ γιγνώσκοντι νοητῷ τε, μνήμης μεταλαβόντι λογισμοῦ τε ἐν περιτταῖς τε καὶ ἀρτίαις ἅμα μεταβολαῖς.
And this is almost that to which alone it belongs to fashion and create, while for the body, as we say, to be fashioned, to be generated, and to be seen; but for the other—let us say it again, for it must not be said only once—to be invisible, knowing, and intelligible, sharing in memory and reasoning in both odd and even changes at the same time.
πέντε οὖν ὄντων τῶν σωμάτων, πῦρ χρὴ φάναι καὶ ὕδωρ εἶναι καὶ τρίτον ἀέρα, τέταρτον δὲ γῆν, πέμπτον δὲ αἰθέρα, τούτων δʼ ἐν ἡγεμονίαις ἕκαστον ζῷον πολὺ καὶ παντοδαπὸν ἀποτελεῖσθαι.
Since there are five bodies, we must say that there are fire, water, thirdly air, fourthly earth, and fifthly ether, and that under the dominance of each of these, many and all kinds of living beings are produced.
μαθεῖν δὲ καθʼ ἓν ὧδʼ ἔστιν χρεών.
And we must learn about each one as follows.
γήινον μὲν τιθῶμεν τὸ πρῶτον ἡμῖν ἕν, πάντας μὲν ἀνθρώπους, πάντα δὲ ὅσα πολύποδα καὶ ἄποδα, καὶ ὅσα πορεύσιμα καὶ ὅσα μόνιμα, διειλημμένα ῥίζαις·
Let us posit first for ourselves one that is of earth—all humans, and all things that are many-footed and footless, and those that move and those that are fixed, held by roots.
τὸ δὲ ἓν αὐτοῦ τόδε νομίζειν δεῖ, ὡς πάντα μὲν ἐξ ἁπάντων ταῦτʼ ἔστιν τῶν γενῶν, τὸ δὲ πολὺ τούτου γῆς ἐστιν καὶ τῆς στερεμνίας φύσεως.
But we must consider this single feature of it, that although all these are made of all the kinds, the greater part of this is of earth and of the solid nature.
ἄλλο δὲ χρὴ ζῴου γένος θεῖναι δεύτερον γιγνόμενον ἅμα καὶ δυνατὸν ὁρᾶσθαι· τὸ γὰρ πλεῖστον πυρὸς ἔχει, ἔχει μὴν γῆς τε καὶ ἀέρος, ἔχει δὲ καὶ ἁπάντων τῶν ἄλλων βραχέα μέρη, διὸ δὴ ζῷά τε ἐξ αὐτῶν παντοδαπὰ γίγνεσθαι χρὴ φάναι καὶ ὁρώμενα, νομίσαι δὲ δὴ δεῖ πάλιν τὰ κατʼ οὐρανὸν ζῴων γένη, ὃ δὴ πᾶν χρὴ φάναι θεῖον γένος ἄστρων γεγονέναι, σώματος μὲν τυχὸν καλλίστου, ψυχῆς δʼ εὐδαιμονεστάτης τε καὶ ἀρίστης.
And we must posit another, second kind of living being that is generated and at the same time capable of being seen; for it has the most of fire, but indeed it has also of earth and of air, and it has small portions of all the other elements; wherefore indeed we must say that all kinds of visible living beings are generated from them. And again, we must consider the kinds of living beings in heaven, all of which we must say has become the divine kind of stars, having obtained the most beautiful body and the happiest and best soul.
δυοῖν δὲ αὐτοῖς μοιρῶν τὴν ἑτέραν χρὴ δόξῃ μεταδιδόναι σχεδόν· ἢ γὰρ ἀνώλεθρόν τε καὶ ἀθάνατον ἕκαστον αὐτῶν εἶναι καὶ θεῖον τὸ παράπαν ἐξ ἁπάσης ἀνάγκης, ἤ τινα μακραίωνα βίον ἔχειν ἱκανὸν ἑκάστῳ ζωῆς, ἧς οὐδέν τι πλείονος ἂν προσδεῖσθαί ποτε.
And we must assign to them by opinion almost one of two lots: either each of them is entirely imperishable and immortal and divine by all necessity, or it has a certain long-enduring life sufficient for each existence, of which it would never need any more.