§9.864ΑΘ. νῦν δή σοι τό τε δίκαιον καὶ τὸ ἄδικον, ὅ γε ἐγὼ λέγω, σαφῶς ἂν διορισαίμην οὐδὲν ποικίλλων.
ATH. Now indeed I would define for you clearly, with no complexity at all, both the just and the unjust, as I at least mean them.
τὴν γὰρ τοῦ θυμοῦ καὶ φόβου καὶ ἡδονῆς καὶ λύπης καὶ φθόνων καὶ ἐπιθυμιῶν ἐν ψυχῇ τυραννίδα, ἐάντε τι βλάπτῃ καὶ ἐὰν μή, πάντως ἀδικίαν προσαγορεύω·
For the tyranny in the soul of anger and fear and pleasure and pain and envies and desires, whether it damages something or not, I call altogether injustice.
τὴν δὲ τοῦ ἀρίστου δόξαν, ὅπῃπερ ἂν ἔσεσθαι τούτων ἡγήσωνται πόλις εἴτε ἰδιῶταί τινες, ἐὰν αὕτη κρατοῦσα ἐν ψυχαῖς διακοσμῇ πάντα ἄνδρα, κἂν σφάλληταί τι, δίκαιον μὲν πᾶν εἶναι φατέον τὸ ταύτῃ πραχθὲν καὶ τὸ τῆς τοιαύτης ἀρχῆς γιγνόμενον ὑπήκοον ἑκάστων, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ἅπαντα ἀνθρώπων βίον ἄριστον, δοξάζεσθαι δὲ ὑπὸ πολλῶν ἀκούσιον ἀδικίαν εἶναι τὴν τοιαύτην βλάβην.
On the other hand, as for the opinion of the best—in whatever way a city or some individuals may think this will be among them—if this rules in their souls and orders every man, even if it trips up in some way, we must say that everything done in this way and that which in each case becomes obedient to such a rule is entirely just, and best for the whole life of men, even though such damage is opined by many to be involuntary injustice.
ἡμῖν δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν τὰ νῦν ὀνομάτων πέρι δύσερις λόγος, ἀλλʼ ἐπειδὴ τῶν ἁμαρτανομένων τρία εἴδη δεδήλωται γιγνόμενα, ταῦτα εἰς μνήμην πρῶτον ἔτι μᾶλλον ἀναληπτέον.
But we do not have at present a contentious dispute about names; rather, since three kinds of errors have been shown to occur, we must first of all take these up again still more into our memory.
λύπης μὲν οὖν, ἣν θυμὸν καὶ φόβον ἐπονομάζομεν, ἓν εἶδος ἡμῖν ἐστιν.
Now, of pain, which we call anger and fear, there is one kind for us.
ΚΛ. πάνυ μὲν οὖν.
KLE. By all means indeed.
ΑΘ. ἡδονῆς δʼ αὖ καὶ ἐπιθυμιῶν δεύτερον, ἐλπίδων δὲ καὶ δόξης τῆς ἀληθοῦς περὶ τὸ ἄριστον ἔφεσις τρίτον ἕτερον.
ATH. And of pleasure and desires, again, a second, and the longing for hopes and true opinion concerning the best is another, a third.
τούτου δὲ αὐτοῦ τρία διχῇ τμηθέντος πέντε εἴδη γέγονεν, ὡς νῦν φαμεν· οἷς νόμους διαφέροντας ἀλλήλων πέντε εἴδεσιν θετέον ἐν δυοῖν γένεσιν.
And of this very three, when divided in two, there arise five kinds, as we now say; for these five kinds we must establish laws differing from one another, under two broader classes.
ΚΛ. τίσιν τούτοις;
KLE. Which are these?
ΑΘ. τὸ μὲν διὰ βιαίων καὶ συμφανῶν πράξεων πραττόμενον ἑκάστοτε, τὸ δὲ μετὰ σκότους καὶ ἀπάτης λαθραίως γιγνόμενον, ἔστιν δʼ ὅτε καὶ διʼ ἀμφοῖν τούτοιν πραχθέν· ᾧ δὴ καὶ νόμοι τραχύτατοι γίγνοιντο ἄν, εἰ τὸ προσῆκον μέρος ἔχοιεν.
ATH. The one is what is done in each case through violent and open actions, and the other is what happens secretly with darkness and deceit, and sometimes indeed what is committed through both of these; for this latter indeed, the laws would also become harshest, if they were to have their proper share.
ΚΛ. εἰκὸς γοῦν.
KLE. Likely, at any rate.
ΑΘ. ἴωμεν δὴ τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα ἐκεῖσε ὁπόθεν ἐξέβημεν δεῦρο, περαίνοντες τὴν θέσιν τῶν νόμων.
ATH. Let us proceed, then, in what follows to that place from which we digressed to here, finishing the establishment of the laws.
ἦν δὲ ἡμῖν κείμενα περί τε τῶν συλώντων, οἶμαι, τοὺς θεοὺς καὶ τὰ περὶ προδοτῶν, ἔτι δὲ τῶν τοὺς νόμους διαφθειρόντων ἐπὶ καταλύσει τῆς παρούσης πολιτείας.
For there were laid down for us, I think, regulations concerning those who plunder the gods, and those concerning traitors, and further, those who corrupt the laws for the destruction of the existing constitution.
τούτων δή τις ἂν ἴσως πράξειέν τι μανείς, ἢ νόσοις ἢ γήρᾳ ὑπερμέτρῳ συνεχόμενος, ἢ παιδίᾳ χρώμενος, οὐδέν πω τῶν τοιούτων διαφέρων·
Of these people, someone might perhaps commit some such act when mad, or when held by diseases or excessive old age, or acting like a child, differing in no way from such persons as yet.
ὧν ἂν γίγνηταί τι φανερὸν τοῖς ἐκλεχθεῖσιν ἑκάστοτε δικασταῖς, ἀναφέροντος τοῦ δράσαντος ἢ τοῦ σκηπτομένου ὑπὲρ τοῦ ποιήσαντος, κριθῇ δὲ οὕτω διατεθεὶς παρανομῆσαι, τὴν μὲν βλάβην ἣν ἄν τινα καταβλάψῃ πάντως ἁπλῆν ἀποτινέτω, τῶν δὲ ἄλλων δικαιωμάτων ἀφείσθω, πλὴν ἂν ἄρα τινὰ ἀποκτείνας μὴ καθαρὸς ᾖ τὰς χεῖρας φόνου·
If any of these things should become manifest to the judges selected on each occasion, with the doer himself bringing it forward, or the one pleading on behalf of the one who did it, and if he is judged to have broken the law while being thus disposed, let him by all means pay simple compensation for whatever damage he may have caused, and let him be released from other penalties, unless indeed he has killed someone and is not clean in his hands from murder.
οὕτω δʼ εἰς ἄλλην χώραν καὶ τόπον ἀπελθὼν οἰκείτω τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἐκδημῶν, πρότερον δὲ ἐλθὼν τοῦ χρόνου ὃν ὁ νόμος ὥρισεν, ἢ καὶ πάσης ἐπιβὰς τῆς οἰκείας χώρας, ἐν δημοσίῳ δεσμῷ δεθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν νομοφυλάκων δύο ἐνιαυτούς, οὕτως ἀπαλλαττέσθω τῶν δεσμῶν.
In this case, having departed to another land and place, let him live abroad for a year; but if he returns prior to the time which the law has defined, or even sets foot on any part of his native land, let him be bound in public imprisonment by the guardians of the laws for two years, and only in this way let him be released from his bonds.