§9.853ΑΘ. δίκαι δὴ τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα ἀκόλουθοι ταῖς ἔμπροσθεν πράξεσιν ἁπάσαις οὖσαι κατὰ φύσιν γίγνοιντο ἂν τὴν τῆς διακοσμήσεως τῶν νόμων.
ATH. The lawsuits next in order, following upon all the previous actions, would naturally come about according to the arrangement of the laws.
ὧντινων οὖν δὴ πέρι δεῖ γίγνεσθαι δίκας, τὰ μὲν εἴρηται, τὰ κατὰ γεωργίας τε καὶ ὅσα τούτοις εἵπετο, τὰ δὲ μέγιστα οὔτε εἴρηταί πω, καθʼ ἓν ἕκαστόν τε λεγόμενον, ῥηθὲν ἣν δεῖ λαμβάνειν αὐτὸ τιμωρίαν καὶ τίνων ποτὲ δικαστῶν τυγχάνειν, μετʼ ἐκεῖνʼ αὐτὰ ἑξῆς ταῦτα ῥητέον.
Concerning what matters lawsuits must take place, some have been stated—namely, those concerning agriculture and as many as followed these—but the greatest matters have not yet been stated, as each is spoken of individually, telling what punishment it must receive and what judges it must happen to have; after those things, these very matters must be stated in order.
ΚΛ. ὀρθῶς.
KLE. Correctly.
ΑΘ. αἰσχρὸν μὲν δή τινα τρόπον καὶ νομοθετεῖν πάντα ὁπόσα νῦν μέλλομεν τοῦτο δρᾶν, ἐν τοιαύτῃ πόλει ἥν φαμεν οἰκήσεσθαί τε εὖ καὶ τεύξεσθαι πάσης ὀρθότητος πρὸς ἐπιτήδευσιν ἀρετῆς· ἐν δὲ τῇ τοιαύτῃ τὸ καὶ ἀξιοῦν τῆς τῶν ἄλλων μοχθηρίας τῶν μεγίστων ἐμφύεσθαί τινα μεθέξοντα, ὥστε δεῖν νομοθετεῖν προκαταλαμβάνοντα καὶ ἀπειλοῦντα ἐάν τις τοιοῦτος γίγνηται, καὶ τούτων ἀποτροπῆς τε ἕνεκα καὶ γενομένων κολάσεως τιθέναι ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς νόμους, ὡς ἐσομένους, ὅπερ εἶπον, αἰσχρὸν μέν τινα τρόπον.
ATH. It is in a way indeed disgraceful even to legislate all that we are now about to do, in such a city which we say will be well inhabited and will obtain all correctness for the practice of virtue; and in such a city, even to expect that someone will grow up who shares in the greatest of the wickedness of others, so that we must legislate, anticipating and threatening lest any such person arise, and for the sake of deterrence of these and for the punishment of those that occur, to establish laws for them, as though they will exist—this is, as I said, in a way disgraceful.
ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐ, καθάπερ οἱ παλαιοὶ νομοθέται θεῶν παισὶν νομοθετούμενοι τοῖς ἥρωσιν, ὡς ὁ νῦν λόγος, αὐτοί τʼ ἐκ θεῶν ὄντες ἄλλοις τε ἐκ τοιούτων γεγονόσιν ἐνομοθέτουν, ἀλλʼ ἄνθρωποί τε καὶ ἀνθρώπων σπέρμασιν νομοθετοῦμεν τὰ νῦν, ἀνεμέσητον δὴ φοβεῖσθαι μή τις ἐγγίγνηται τῶν πολιτῶν ἡμῖν οἷον κερασβόλος, ὃς ἀτεράμων εἰς τοσοῦτον φύσει γίγνοιτʼ ἂν ὥστε μὴ τήκεσθαι· καθάπερ ἐκεῖνα τὰ σπέρματα πυρί, νόμοις οὗτοι καίπερ οὕτως ἰσχυροῖς οὖσιν ἄτηκτοι γίγνωνται.
But since we are not like the ancient legislators, who legislated for the heroes, the children of the gods, as the current story goes, and who were themselves from gods and legislated for others born of such, but we are humans and are legislating for the seeds of humans now, it is not to be resented indeed to fear lest some citizen grow up among us like a horn-struck beast, who might be so stubborn by nature as not to be softened; just as those seeds are unsoftened by fire, so these might be unsoftened by laws, although they are so strong.
ὧν δὴ χάριν οὐκ ἐπίχαριν λέγοιμʼ ἂν πρῶτον νόμον ἱερῶν περὶ συλήσεων, ἄν τις τοῦτο δρᾶν τολμᾷ.
For the sake of these, I would state, not with pleasure, first a law concerning the robbing of temples, if anyone dares to do this.
καὶ πολίτην μὲν τῶν τεθραμμένων ὀρθῶς οὔτʼ ἂν βουλοίμεθα οὔτε ἐλπιστὸν πάνυ τι νοσῆσαί ποτε ἂν ταύτην τὴν νόσον, οἰκέται δὲ ἂν τούτων καὶ ξένοι καὶ ξένων δοῦλοι πολλὰ ἂν ἐπιχειρήσειαν τοιαῦτα· §9.854ΑΘ. ὧν ἕνεκα μὲν μάλιστα, ὅμως δὲ καὶ σύμπασαν τὴν τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως ἀσθένειαν εὐλαβούμενος, ἐρῶ τὸν τῶν ἱεροσύλων πέρι νόμον καὶ τῶν ἄλλων πάντων τῶν τοιούτων ὅσα δυσίατα καὶ ἀνίατα.
And a citizen indeed of those who have been nurtured correctly we would neither wish nor is it at all expected ever to fall ill with this illness, but their servants and strangers and slaves of strangers would attempt many such things; ATH. For whose sake especially indeed, yet nevertheless also guarding against the whole weakness of human nature, I shall state the law concerning temple-robbers and all other such things as are hard to cure and incurable.
προοίμια δὲ τούτοισι, κατὰ τὸν ἔμπροσθεν λόγον ὁμολογηθέντα, προρρητέον ἅπασιν ὡς βραχύτατα.
And the preludes to these, as agreed upon in the previous discussion, must be spoken to all as briefly as possible.
λέγοι δή τις ἂν ἐκείνῳ διαλεγόμενος ἅμα καὶ παραμυθούμενος, ὃν ἐπιθυμία κακὴ παρακαλοῦσα μεθʼ ἡμέραν τε καὶ ἐπεγείρουσα νύκτωρ ἐπί τι τῶν ἱερῶν ἄγει συλήσοντα, τάδε· ὦ θαυμάσιε, οὐκ ἀνθρώπινόν σε κακὸν οὐδὲ θεῖον κινεῖ τὸ νῦν ἐπὶ τὴν ἱεροσυλίαν προτρέπον ἰέναι, οἶστρος δέ σέ τις ἐμφυόμενος ἐκ παλαιῶν καὶ ἀκαθάρτων τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἀδικημάτων, περιφερόμενος ἀλιτηριώδης, ὃν εὐλαβεῖσθαι χρεὼν παντὶ σθένει· τίς δʼ ἐστὶν εὐλάβεια, μαθέ.
Someone indeed, speaking with him and at the same time advising him whom an evil desire summons by day and awakens by night, leading him to rob one of the temples, would state these things: "O wonderful man, it is not a human evil nor a divine one that moves you now, urging you to go to temple-robbery, but some madness implanted in you from ancient and unpurified injustices of men, carrying you around like an avenging spirit, which it is necessary to guard against with all your strength; and learn what this guarding is.
ὅταν σοι προσπίπτῃ τι τῶν τοιούτων δογμάτων, ἴθι ἐπὶ τὰς ἀποδιοπομπήσεις, ἴθι ἐπὶ θεῶν ἀποτροπαίων ἱερὰ ἱκέτης, ἴθι ἐπὶ τὰς τῶν λεγομένων ἀνδρῶν ὑμῖν ἀγαθῶν συνουσίας, καὶ τὰ μὲν ἄκουε, τὰ δὲ πειρῶ λέγειν αὐτός, ὡς δεῖ τὰ καλὰ καὶ τὰ δίκαια πάντα ἄνδρα τιμᾶν· τὰς δὲ τῶν κακῶν συνουσίας φεῦγε ἀμεταστρεπτί.
Whenever any of such opinions falls upon you, go to the rites of expiation, go as a suppliant to the temples of the averting gods, go to the associations of the men called good among you, and listen to some things, and try to say others yourself, that every man must honor all things beautiful and just; and flee the associations of the wicked without turning back.
καὶ ἐὰν μέν σοι δρῶντι ταῦτα λωφᾷ τι τὸ νόσημα· εἰ δὲ μή, καλλίω θάνατον σκεψάμενος ἀπαλλάττου τοῦ βίου. ταῦτα ἡμῶν ᾀδόντων προοίμια τοῖς πάντα ταῦτα ἐπινοοῦσιν ὅσα ἀνόσια ἔργα καὶ πολιτοφθόρα, τῷ μὲν πειθομένῳ τὸν νόμον ἐᾶν σιγῇ δεῖ, τῷ δὲ ἀπειθοῦντι μετὰ τὸ προοίμιον ᾄδειν μέγα· ὃς δʼ ἂν ἱεροσυλῶν ληφθῇ, ἐὰν μὲν ᾖ δοῦλος ἢ ξένος, ἐν τῷ προσώπῳ καὶ ταῖς χερσὶ γραφεὶς τὴν συμφοράν, καὶ μαστιγωθεὶς ὁπόσας ἂν δόξῃ τοῖς δικασταῖς, ἐκτὸς τῶν ὅρων τῆς χώρας γυμνὸς ἐκβληθήτω·
And if, while you do these things, the illness is somewhat relieved—well; but if not, looking to a more beautiful death, depart from life." While we sing these preludes to those who devise all these unholy and city-destroying deeds, to the one who obeys we must let the law be silent, but to the one who disobeys, we must, after the prelude, sing aloud: if anyone is caught robbing a temple, if he is a slave or a stranger, let his misfortune be written on his face and hands, and having been scourged with as many strokes as seem fit to the judges, let him be cast out naked beyond the boundaries of the land; for perhaps, having paid this penalty, he might become better by being chastened.
τάχα γὰρ ἂν δοὺς ταύτην τὴν δίκην γένοιτʼ ἂν βελτίων σωφρονισθείς. οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ κακῷ δίκη γίγνεται οὐδεμία γενομένη κατὰ νόμον, δυοῖν δὲ θάτερον ἀπεργάζεται σχεδόν· ἢ γὰρ βελτίονα ἢ μοχθηρότερον ἧττον ἐξηργάσατο τὸν τὴν δίκην παρασχόντα.
For no penalty that comes about according to law is for the sake of evil, but it effects almost one of two things: for it makes the one who paid the penalty either better or less wicked.
πολίτης δὲ ἄν τίς ποτέ τι τοιοῦτον δρῶν ἀναφανῇ, περὶ θεοὺς ἢ περὶ γονέας ἢ περὶ πόλιν ἠδικηκὼς τῶν μεγάλων τινα καὶ ἀπορρήτων ἀδικιῶν, ὡς ἀνίατον ἤδη τοῦτον ὄντα ὁ δικαστὴς διανοείσθω, λογιζόμενος οἵας παιδείας τε καὶ τροφῆς ἐκ παιδὸς τυγχάνων οὐκ ἀπέσχετο τῶν μεγίστων κακῶν.
But if any citizen ever appears doing any such thing, having done injustice concerning gods or parents or the city in any of the great and unspeakable injustices, let the judge consider him as being already incurable, reflecting what education and nurture from childhood he obtained and yet did not abstain from the greatest evils.