§8.848ΑΘ. τὸ δὲ δωδέκατον μέρος ἕκαστον—οἷον πυρῶν καὶ κριθῶν, οἷσιν δὴ καὶ τὰ ἅπαντα ἀκολουθείτω τὰ ἄλλα ὡραῖα νεμόμενα, καὶ ὅσα ζῷα σύμπαντα πράσιμα ἐν ἑκάστοις ᾖ— τριχῇ διαιρείσθω κατὰ λόγον, ἓν μὲν μέρος τοῖς ἐλευθέροις, ἓν δὲ τοῖς τούτων οἰκέταις· τὸ δὲ τρίτον δημιουργοῖς τε καὶ πάντως τοῖς ξένοις, οἵ τέ τινες αὖ τῶν μετοικούντων ὦσι συνοικοῦντες τροφῆς ἀναγκαίου δεόμενοι, καὶ ὅσοι χρείᾳ τινὶ πόλεως ἤ τινος ἰδιωτῶν εἰσαφικνοῦνται ἑκάστοτε, πάντων τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἀπονεμηθὲν τρίτον μέρος ὤνιον ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἔστω τοῦτο μόνον, τῶν δὲ δύο μερῶν μηδὲν ἐπάναγκες ἔστω πωλεῖν.
ATH. And each twelfth part—such as of wheat and barley, which indeed all the other distributed crops must follow, and as many animals as are for sale in each district—must be divided into three parts according to proportion: one part for the free men, one for their servants, and the third for the craftsmen and all the strangers, both those who among the residents live together needing necessary food, and as many as arrive from time to time for some need of the city or of some private citizens; of all the necessaries, let only this allocated third part be compulsorily for sale, and of the other two parts let there be no necessity to sell.
πῶς οὖν δὴ ταῦτα ὀρθότατα νέμοιτʼ ἄν;
How then indeed would these things be most correctly distributed?
πρῶτον μὲν δῆλον ὅτι τῇ μὲν ἴσα, τῇ δʼ οὐκ ἴσα νέμομεν.
First, it is clear that in one way we distribute them equally, but in another way unequally.
ΚΛ. πῶς λέγεις;
CLE. How do you mean?
ΑΘ. χείρω που καὶ βελτίω τούτων ἕκαστα ἀνάγκη φύειν καὶ ἐκτρέφειν τὴν γῆν.
ATH. It is necessary, I suppose, for the land to produce and rear each of these things both worse and better.
ΚΛ. πῶς γὰρ οὔ;
CLE. Of course.
ΑΘ. τῷ μὲν τοίνυν τοιούτῳ τῶν μερῶν, τριῶν ὄντων, μηδὲν πλέον ἐχέτω μήτε τοῖς δεσπόταις ἢ δούλοις νεμόμενον, μήτε αὖ τὸ τῶν ξένων, ἀλλὰ τὴν τῆς ὁμοιότητος ἰσότητα ἡ νομὴ πᾶσιν ἀποδιδότω τὴν αὐτήν·
ATH. Therefore, in such a part of the three, let neither the portion distributed to the masters or slaves have anything more, nor again that of the strangers, but let the distribution restore the same equality of similarity to all.
λαβὼν ἕκαστος τῶν πολιτῶν τὰ δύο μέρη κύριος ἔστω τῆς νομῆς δούλοις τε καὶ ἐλευθέροις, ὁπόσʼ ἂν καὶ ὁποῖα βούληται διανέμειν.
Each of the citizens, having received the two parts, shall have authority over the distribution to slaves and free men, to distribute as much and of what quality he wishes.
τὸ δὲ πλέον τούτων μέτροις τε καὶ ἀριθμῷ τῇδε χρὴ διανέμεσθαι· λαβόντα τὸν ἀριθμὸν πάντων τῶν ζῴων οἷς ἐκ τῆς γῆς δεῖ τὴν τροφὴν γίγνεσθαι, διανέμειν.
But what is beyond this must be distributed by measures and number in this way: having taken the number of all the animals that must have their nourishment from the land, let them distribute.
τὸ δὲ μετὰ τοῦτο αὐτοῖς οἰκήσεις δεῖ χωρὶς διατεταγμένας εἶναι· τάξις δὲ ἥδε πρέπει τοῖς τοιούτοις.
And after this, they must have dwellings arranged separately, and the following order is appropriate for such things.
δώδεκα κώμας εἶναι χρή, κατὰ μέσον τὸ δωδεκατημόριον ἕκαστον μίαν, ἐν τῇ κώμῃ δὲ ἑκάστῃ πρῶτον μὲν ἱερὰ καὶ ἀγορὰν ἐξῃρῆσθαι θεῶν τε καὶ τῶν ἑπομένων θεοῖς δαιμόνων, εἴτε τινὲς ἔντοποι Μαγνήτων εἴτʼ ἄλλων ἱδρύματα παλαιῶν μνήμῃ διασεσωμένων εἰσίν, τούτοις ἀποδιδόντας τὰς τῶν πάλαι τιμὰς ἀνθρώπων, Ἑστίας δὲ καὶ Διὸς Ἀθηνᾶς τε, καὶ ὃς ἂν ἀρχηγὸς ᾖ τῶν ἄλλων τοῦ δωδεκάτου ἑκάστου μέρους, ἱερὰ πανταχοῦ ἱδρύσασθαι.
There must be twelve villages, one in the middle of each twelfth part, and in each village first temples and a marketplace must be set apart for the gods and the daemons who follow the gods; and whether there are some shrines of the local Magnetes or of other ancient peoples preserved in memory, restoring to these the ancient honors of men, they must establish temples everywhere to Hestia, Zeus, Athena, and whoever is the leader of each other twelfth part.
πρῶτον δὲ οἰκοδομίας εἶναι περὶ τὰ ἱερὰ ταῦτα, ὅπῃ ἂν ὁ τόπος ὑψηλότατος ᾖ, τοῖς φρουροῖς ὑποδοχὴν ὅτι μάλιστα εὐερκῆ·
And first, there must be buildings around these temples, wherever the place is highest, as a stronghold as secure as possible for the guards.
τὴν δὲ ἄλλην χώραν κατασκευάζειν πᾶσαν δημιουργῶν τριακαίδεκα μέρη διελομένους, καὶ τὸ μὲν ἐν ἄστει κατοικίζειν, διελομένους αὖ καὶ τοῦτο εἰς τὰ δώδεκα μέρη τῆς πόλεως ἁπάσης, ἔξω τε καὶ ἐν κύκλῳ κατανεμηθέντας, ἐν τῇ κώμῃ δὲ ἑκάστῃ τὰ πρόσφορα γεωργοῖς γένη τῶν δημιουργῶν συνοικίζειν.
And they must arrange all the rest of the land by dividing the craftsmen into thirteen parts, and settle one part in the city, dividing this again into the twelve parts of the whole city, distributed outside and in a circle, and in each village they must settle together the classes of craftsmen that are useful to the farmers.
τοὺς δʼ ἐπιμελητὰς εἶναι τούτων πάντων τοὺς τῶν ἀγρονόμων ἄρχοντας, ὅσων τε καὶ ὧντινων ὁ τόπος ἕκαστος δεῖται, καὶ ὅπου κατοικοῦντες ἀλυπότατοί τε καὶ ὠφελιμώτατοι ἔσονται τοῖσιν γεωργοῖσι.
And the superintendents of all these must be the officers of the country-stewards, deciding how many and of what kind each place needs, and where they will live with the least trouble and greatest benefit to the farmers.