§8.834ΑΘ.ἃ δὲ τὸν μὴ παθόντα ἢ ποιήσαντα δεῖ νικᾶν καὶ εἰς ὁπόσα, καθάπερ νῦν ἐν τῇ πάλῃ διενομοθετήσαντο οἱ περὶ τὴν πάλην αὐτὴν τί τοῦ καλῶς παλαίοντος ἔργον καὶ μὴ καλῶς, ταὐτὸν δὴ καὶ τοὺς περὶ ὁπλομαχίαν ἄκρους παρακαλοῦντας, χρὴ τούτους συννομοθετεῖν κελεύειν τίς νικᾶν ἄρα δίκαιος περὶ ταύτας αὖ τὰς μάχας, ὅτι μὴ παθὼν ἢ δράσας, καὶ τὸν ἡττώμενον ὡσαύτως ἥτις διακρίνει τάξις.
ATH. And as for the points in which one who has neither suffered nor done anything forbidden must win, and in how many bouts, just as now in wrestling those concerned with wrestling itself have laid down rules as to what is the task of one who wrestles well and not well, so indeed, summoning also those who are experts in armed combat, we must order them to join in legislating who is indeed just to win in these battles in turn, on the ground of not having suffered or done forbidden actions, and likewise what rule distinguishes the loser.
ταὐτὰ δὲ καὶ περὶ τῶν θηλειῶν ἔστω νομοθετούμενα τῶν μέχρι γάμου.
And let the same things be legislated also concerning the females up to marriage.
πελταστικὴν δὲ ὅλην ἀντιστήσαντας δεῖ τῇ τοῦ παγκρατίου μάχῃ, τόξοις καὶ πέλταις καὶ ἀκοντίοις καὶ λίθῳ ἐκ χειρός τε καὶ σφενδόναις ἁμιλλωμένων, διαθεμένους αὖ περὶ τούτων νόμους, τῷ κάλλιστα ἀποδιδόντι τὰ περὶ ταῦτα νόμιμα τὰ γέρα καὶ τὰς νίκας διανέμειν.
And we must set up the whole light-armed combat as a counterpart to the battle of the pankration, with them competing with bows, light shields, javelins, stones thrown by hand, and slings, and establishing laws in turn about these things, we must award the prizes and victories to the one who most beautifully fulfills the regulations concerning them.
τὸ δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα ἵππων δὴ περὶ ἀγῶνος γίγνοιτο ἑξῆς ἂν νομοθετούμενα·
And after these things, let regulations concerning the contest of horses next be made.
ἵππων δὲ ἡμῖν χρεία μὲν οὔτε τις πολλῶν οὔτε πολλή, κατά γε δὴ Κρήτην, ὥστε ἀναγκαῖον καὶ τὰς σπουδὰς ἐλάττους γίγνεσθαι τάς τε ἐν τῇ τροφῇ καὶ τὰς περὶ ἀγωνίαν αὐτῶν.
But we have no great need of many horses, at least in Crete, so that it is necessary that our efforts both in their rearing and in their contesting be smaller.
ἅρματος μὲν οὖν καὶ τὸ παράπαν οὔτε τις τροφεὺς ἡμῖν ἐστιν οὔτε τις φιλοτιμία πρὸς ταῦτα οὐδενὶ γίγνοιτʼ ἂν λόγον ἔχουσα, ὥστε τούτου μὲν ἀγωνιστάς, οὐκ ἐπιχώριον, ἔσται τιθέντας νοῦν μήτε ἔχειν μήτε δοκεῖν κεκτῆσθαι·
Of chariots, therefore, we have absolutely no breeder, nor would any reasonable ambition toward these things arise in anyone, so that to establish competitors for this, which is not a local custom, would mean we neither have nor seem to possess sense.
μονίπποις δὲ ἆθλα τιθέντες, πώλοις τε ἀβόλοις καὶ τελείων τε καὶ ἀβόλων τοῖς μέσοις καὶ αὐτοῖς δὴ τοῖς τέλος ἔχουσι, κατὰ φύσιν τῆς χώρας ἂν τὴν ἱππικὴν παιδιὰν ἀποδιδοῖμεν.
But by setting prizes for single horses— for colts that have not shed their teeth, for those between colts and full-grown, and for those that are fully grown themselves—ic would render the equestrian play in accordance with the nature of the land.
ἔστω δὴ τούτων τε αὐτῶν κατὰ νόμον ἅμιλλά τε καὶ φιλονικία, φυλάρχοις τε καὶ ἱππάρχοις δεδομένη κοινὴ κρίσις ἁπάντων τῶν τε δρόμων αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν καταβαινόντων μεθʼ ὅπλων·
Let there be indeed a contest and rivalry of these very things according to law, and let a joint judgment of all the races themselves and of those who enter with weapons be given to the phylarchs and hipparchs.
ψιλοῖς δὲ ὅπλων οὔτʼ ἐν τοῖς γυμνικοῖς οὔτε ἐνταῦθα τιθέντες ἀγωνίας ὀρθῶς ἂν νομοθετοῖμεν.
And we should legislate rightly by not establishing contests for those stripped of weapons either in the gymnastic events or here.
τοξότης δὲ ἀφʼ ἵππων Κρὴς οὐκ ἄχρηστος, οὐδʼ ἀκοντιστής, ὥστε ἔστω καὶ τούτων παιδιᾶς χάριν ἔρις τε καὶ ἀγωνία.
A Cretan mounted archer is not useless, nor is a mounted javelin-thrower, so let there be rivalry and contest of these too for the sake of play.
θηλείας δὲ περὶ τούτων νόμοις μὲν καὶ ἐπιτάξεσιν οὐκ ἄξια βιάζεσθαι τῆς κοινωνίας· ἐὰν δὲ ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔμπροσθεν παιδευμάτων εἰς ἔθος ἰόντων ἡ φύσις ἐνδέχηται καὶ μὴ δυσχεραίνῃ παῖδας ἢ παρθένους κοινωνεῖν, ἐᾶν καὶ μὴ ψέγειν.
And as for females, it is not worthwhile to compel them by laws and commands to share in these things; but if, as a result of the previous training becoming a habit, their nature accepts it and they do not object—whether they are girls or virgins—we should permit them and not find fault.
ἀγωνία δὴ νῦν ἤδη καὶ μάθησις γυμναστικῆς, ὅσα τε ἐν ἀγῶσιν καὶ ὅσα καθʼ ἡμέραν ἐν διδασκάλων ἐκπονούμεθα, πάντως ἤδη πέρας ἔχει.
Indeed, the contest and learning of gymnastics, both what is in the contests and what we work out daily under teachers, has now completely reached an end.
καὶ δὴ καὶ μουσικῆς τὰ μὲν πλεῖστα ὡσαύτως διαπεπέρανται, τὰ δὲ ῥαψῳδῶν καὶ τῶν τούτοις ἑπομένων, καὶ ὅσαι ἐν ἑορταῖς ἅμιλλαι χορῶν ἀναγκαῖαι γίγνεσθαι, ταχθέντων τοῖς θεοῖς τε καὶ τοῖς μετὰ θεῶν μηνῶν καὶ ἡμερῶν καὶ ἐνιαυτῶν, κοσμηθήσονται τότε, εἴτε τριετηρίδες εἴτε αὖ καὶ διὰ πέμπτων ἐτῶν, εἴθʼ ὅπῃ καὶ ὅπως ἔννοιαν διδόντων τῶν θεῶν τάξεως πέρι διανεμηθῶσιν·
And moreover, most things concerning music have likewise been finished; but the matters of rhapsodes and what follows them, and whatever contests of choruses must necessarily take place during festivals, when the months and days and years have been assigned to the gods and those who accompany the gods, will be ordered at that time, whether they are triennial festivals or every fifth year, or in whatever way and manner they may be distributed, as the gods give understanding concerning the arrangement.