§8.828ΑΘ. τούτων μὴν ἐχόμενά ἐστιν τάξασθαι μὲν καὶ νομοθετήσασθαι ἑορτὰς μετὰ τῶν ἐκ Δελφῶν μαντειῶν, αἵτινες θυσίαι καὶ θεοῖς οἷστισιν ἄμεινον καὶ λῷον θυούσῃ τῇ πόλει γίγνοιντʼ ἄν· πότε δὲ καὶ πόσαι τὸν ἀριθμόν, σχεδὸν ἴσως ἡμέτερον ἂν νομοθετεῖν ἔνιά γʼ αὐτῶν εἴη.
ATH. Next in order to these things is to arrange and legislate festivals in conjunction with the oracles from Delphi, as to what sacrifices and to which gods it would be better and more advantageous for the city to offer them; but as to when and how many in number they should be, it would perhaps be our business to legislate at least some of them.
ΚΛ. τάχʼ ἂν τὸν ἀριθμόν.
CL. Perhaps their number.
ΑΘ. τὸν ἀριθμὸν δὴ λέγωμεν πρῶτον·
ATH.
ἔστωσαν γὰρ τῶν μὲν πέντε καὶ ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακοσίων μηδὲν ἀπολείπουσαι, ὅπως ἂν μία γέ τις ἀρχὴ θύῃ θεῶν ἢ δαιμόνων τινὶ ἀεὶ ὑπὲρ πόλεώς τε καὶ αὐτῶν καὶ κτημάτων.
Let us indeed state their number first; for let them be no less than three hundred and sixty-five, so that at least some one magistrate may always sacrifice to one of the gods or daemons on behalf of the city, themselves, and their possessions.
ταῦτα δὲ συνελθόντες ἐξηγηταὶ καὶ ἱερεῖς ἱέρειαί τε καὶ μάντεις μετὰ νομοφυλάκων ταξάντων ἃ παραλείπειν ἀνάγκη τῷ νομοθέτῃ· καὶ δὴ καὶ αὐτοῦ τούτου χρὴ γίγνεσθαι ἐπιγνώμονας τοῦ παραλειπομένου τούτους τοὺς αὐτούς.
And having come together, interpreters, priests, priestesses, and prophets, along with the guardians of the laws, must arrange those things which it is necessary for the lawmaker to leave out; and indeed, these same persons must be the judges of this very thing which is left out.
ὁ μὲν γὰρ δὴ νόμος ἐρεῖ δώδεκα μὲν ἑορτὰς εἶναι τοῖς δώδεκα θεοῖς, ὧν ἂν ἡ φυλὴ ἑκάστη ἐπώνυμος ᾖ, θύοντας τούτων ἑκάστοις ἔμμηνα ἱερά, χορούς τε καὶ ἀγῶνας μουσικούς, τοὺς δὲ γυμνικούς, κατὰ τὸ πρέπον προσνέμοντας τοῖς θεοῖς τε αὐτοῖς ἅμα καὶ ταῖς ὥραις ἑκάσταις, γυναικείας τε ἑορτάς, ὅσαις χωρὶς ἀνδρῶν προσήκει καὶ ὅσαις μή, διανέμοντας.
For indeed, the law will state that there are twelve festivals to the twelve gods after whom each tribe is named, offering monthly sacrifices to each of these, along with dances and musical contests, and others of a gymnastic nature, distributing them appropriately to the gods themselves and to each of the seasons, and also distributing women's festivals, as many as are fitting to be separate from men and as many as are not.
ἔτι δὲ καὶ τὸ τῶν χθονίων καὶ ὅσους αὖ θεοὺς οὐρανίους ἐπονομαστέον καὶ τὸ τῶν τούτοις ἑπομένων οὐ συμμεικτέον ἀλλὰ χωριστέον, ἐν τῷ τοῦ Πλούτωνος μηνὶ τῷ δωδεκάτῳ κατὰ τὸν νόμον ἀποδιδόντας, καὶ οὐ δυσχεραντέον πολεμικοῖς ἀνθρώποις τὸν τοιοῦτον θεόν, ἀλλὰ τιμητέον ὡς ὄντα ἀεὶ τῷ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένει ἄριστον· κοινωνία γὰρ ψυχῇ καὶ σώματι διαλύσεως οὐκ ἔστιν ᾗ κρεῖττον, ὡς ἐγὼ φαίην ἂν σπουδῇ λέγων.
Furthermore, the rites of the subterranean gods and those whom, on the other hand, one must call heavenly, and those that follow them, must not be mixed but separated, rendering them in the month of Pluto, which is the twelfth according to the law; and warlike men must not be displeased with such a god, but must honor him as being always best for the race of humans; for there is no way in which the union of soul and body is better than their dissolution, as I would say when speaking in earnest.
§8.829ΑΘ.πρὸς τούτοις δὲ διάνοιαν χρὴ σχεῖν τοὺς διαιρήσοντας ἱκανῶς ταῦτα τοιάνδε, ὡς ἔσθʼ ἡμῖν ἡ πόλις οἵαν οὐκ ἄν τις ἑτέραν εὕροι τῶν νῦν περὶ χρόνου σχολῆς καὶ τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἐξουσίας, δεῖ δὲ αὐτήν, καθάπερ ἕνα ἄνθρωπον, ζῆν εὖ· τοῖς δὲ εὐδαιμόνως ζῶσιν ὑπάρχειν ἀνάγκη πρῶτον τὸ μήθʼ ἑαυτοὺς ἀδικεῖν μήτε ὑφʼ ἑτέρων αὐτοὺς ἀδικεῖσθαι.
ATH. In addition to these things, those who are to divide these matters sufficiently must hold a mind of this sort: that our city is such that no one could find another among those of the present day with respect to leisure of time and freedom from necessities, and it is necessary for her, like a single human, to live well; and for those who live happily, it is necessary first neither to wrong themselves nor to be wronged by others.
τούτοιν δὲ τὸ μὲν οὐ πάνυ χαλεπόν, τοῦ δὲ μὴ ἀδικεῖσθαι κτήσασθαι δύναμιν παγχάλεπον, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτὸ τελέως σχεῖν ἄλλως ἢ τελέως γενόμενον ἀγαθόν· ταὐτὸν δὴ τοῦτο ἔστι καὶ πόλει ὑπάρχειν, γενομένῃ μὲν ἀγαθῇ βίος εἰρηνικός, πολεμικὸς δὲ ἔξωθέν τε καὶ ἔνδοθεν, ἂν ᾖ κακή.
Of these two, the former is not very difficult, but to acquire the power of not being wronged is exceedingly difficult, and it is not possible to possess this completely except by becoming completely good; and this same thing holds for a city as well, so that if she becomes good, there is a peaceful life, but if she is bad, a warlike life both from without and within.
τούτων δὲ ταύτῃ σχεδὸν ἐχόντων, οὐκ ἐν πολέμῳ τὸν πόλεμον ἑκάστοις γυμναστέον, ἀλλʼ ἐν τῷ τῆς εἰρήνης βίῳ.
Since these things are almost in this way, each person must practice war not during war, but during the life of peace.
δεῖ τοίνυν πόλιν ἑκάστου μηνὸς νοῦν κεκτημένην στρατεύεσθαι μὴ ἔλαττον μιᾶς ἡμέρας, πλείους δέ, ὡς ἂν καὶ τοῖς ἄρχουσιν συνδοκῇ, μηδὲν χειμῶνας ἢ καύματα διευλαβουμένους, αὐτούς τε ἅμα καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ παῖδας, ὅταν ὡς πανδημίαν ἐξάγειν δόξῃ τοῖς ἄρχουσιν, τοτὲ δὲ καὶ κατὰ μέρη· καί τινας ἀεὶ παιδιὰς μηχανᾶσθαι καλὰς ἅμα θυσίαις, ὅπως ἂν γίγνωνται μάχαι τινὲς ἑορταστικαί, μιμούμεναι τὰς πολεμικὰς ὅτι μάλιστα ἐναργῶς μάχας.
Therefore, a city possessing intelligence must make military expeditions every month for no less than one day, and more if it also seems good to the rulers, in no way being cautious of winters or heats, both themselves at the same time and their wives and children, whenever the rulers think fit to lead them out as a whole people, and at other times by parts; and they must always devise some beautiful games along with sacrifices, so that there may be certain festive battles, imitating the battles of war as clearly as possible.
νικητήρια δὲ καὶ ἀριστεῖα ἑκάστοισι τούτων δεῖ διανέμειν ἐγκώμιά τε καὶ ψόγους ποιεῖν ἀλλήλοις, ὁποῖός τις ἂν ἕκαστος γίγνηται κατά τε τοὺς ἀγῶνας ἐν παντί τε αὖ τῷ βίῳ, τόν τε ἄριστον δοκοῦντα εἶναι κοσμοῦντας καὶ τὸν μὴ ψέγοντας.
And it is necessary to distribute victories and prizes of valor to each of these, and to make praises and blames of one another, according to what sort of person each becomes both during the contests and throughout their entire life, adorning the one who seems to be best and not sparing the other from blame.
ποιητὴς δὲ ἔστω τῶν τοιούτων μὴ ἅπας, ἀλλὰ γεγονὼς πρῶτον μὲν μὴ ἔλαττον πεντήκοντα ἐτῶν, μηδʼ αὖ τῶν ὁπόσοι ποίησιν μὲν καὶ μοῦσαν ἱκανῶς κεκτημένοι ἐν αὑτοῖς εἰσιν, καλὸν δὲ ἔργον καὶ ἐπιφανὲς μηδὲν δράσαντες πώποτε· ὅσοι δὲ ἀγαθοί τε αὐτοὶ καὶ τίμιοι ἐν τῇ πόλει, ἔργων ὄντες δημιουργοὶ καλῶν, τὰ τῶν τοιούτων ᾀδέσθω ποιήματα, ἐὰν καὶ μὴ μουσικὰ πεφύκῃ.
But let not everyone be a poet of such things, but first of all, one who is not less than fifty years old, nor again of those who, although they possess poetry and music sufficiently in themselves, have never performed any beautiful and prominent deed; but as many as are good themselves and honored in the city, being craftsmen of beautiful deeds, let the poems of such as these be sung, even if they are not naturally musical.
κρίσις δὲ αὐτῶν ἔστω παρά τε τῷ παιδευτῇ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις νομοφύλαξι, τοῦτο ἀποδιδόντων αὐτοῖς γέρας, παρρησίαν ἐν μούσαις εἶναι μόνοις, τοῖς δὲ ἄλλοις μηδεμίαν ἐξουσίαν γίγνεσθαι, μηδέ τινα τολμᾶν ᾄδειν ἀδόκιμον μοῦσαν μὴ κρινάντων τῶν νομοφυλάκων, μηδʼ ἂν ἡδίων ᾖ τῶν Θαμύρου τε καὶ Ὀρφείων ὕμνων, ἀλλʼ ὅσα τε ἱερὰ κριθέντα ποιήματα ἐδόθη τοῖς θεοῖς, καὶ ὅσα ἀγαθῶν ὄντων ἀνδρῶν ψέγοντα ἢ ἐπαινοῦντά τινας ἐκρίθη μετρίως δρᾶν τὸ τοιοῦτον.
And let the judgment of them be with the educator and the other guardians of the laws, they granting this privilege to them, that they alone have freedom of speech in music, and no authority is granted to others, nor must anyone dare to sing an unapproved song without the guardians of the laws judging it, not even if it is sweeter than the hymns of Thamyris and Orpheus, but only those poems which, having been judged sacred, have been given to the gods, and as many of good men as have been judged to praise or blame certain people with moderation.
τὰ αὐτὰ δὲ λέγω στρατείας τε πέρι καὶ τῆς ἐν ποιήσεσι παρρησίας γυναιξί τε καὶ ἀνδράσιν ὁμοίως γίγνεσθαι δεῖν.
And I say that the same things concerning military service and freedom of speech in poetry must happen to women and men alike.