§7.823ΑΘ.τελεώτερον δὲ ὧδε εἰρημένον, ὡς ἄρα ὃς ἂν τοῖς τοῦ νομοθέτου νομοθετοῦντός τε καὶ ἐπαινοῦντος καὶ ψέγοντος πειθόμενος γράμμασιν διεξέλθῃ τὸν βίον ἄκρατον.
ATH. But it is spoken more completely in this way: namely, that whoever, obeying the written words of the lawmaker as he legislates, praises, and blames, lives out his life unalloyed.
οὗτος ὅ τε λόγος ὀρθότατος εἰς ἔπαινον πολίτου, τόν τε νομοθέτην ὄντως δεῖ μὴ μόνον γράφειν τοὺς νόμους, πρὸς δὲ τοῖς νόμοις, ὅσα καλὰ αὐτῷ δοκεῖ καὶ μὴ καλὰ εἶναι, νόμοις ἐμπεπλεγμένα γράφειν, τὸν δὲ ἄκρον πολίτην μηδὲν ἧττον ταῦτα ἐμπεδοῦν ἢ τὰ ταῖς ζημίαις ὑπὸ νόμων κατειλημμένα.
This speech is both most correct for the praise of a citizen, and indeed the lawmaker must not only write the laws, but in addition to the laws, write down whatever seems to him to be beautiful and not beautiful, interwoven with the laws, and the supreme citizen must keep these no less than those which are bound by punishments under the laws.
τὸ δὲ δὴ παρὸν ἡμῖν τὰ νῦν εἰ οἷον μάρτυρα ἐπαγόμεθα, δηλοῖμεν ἂν ὃ βουλόμεθα μᾶλλον.
And if we bring forward the matter now before us as a witness, we might clarify what we wish more clearly.
θήρα γὰρ πάμπολύ τι πρᾶγμά ἐστι, περιειλημμένον ὀνόματι νῦν σχεδὸν ἑνί.
For hunting is a very vast matter, currently embraced by almost a single name.
πολλὴ μὲν γὰρ ἡ τῶν ἐνύδρων, πολλὴ δὲ ἡ τῶν πτηνῶν, πάμπολυ δὲ καὶ τὸ περὶ τὰ πεζὰ θηρεύματα, οὐ μόνον θηρίων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀξίαν ἐννοεῖν θήραν, τήν τε κατὰ πόλεμον, πολλὴ δὲ καὶ ἡ κατὰ φιλίαν θηρεύουσα, ἡ μὲν ἔπαινον, ἡ δὲ ψόγον ἔχει· καὶ κλωπεῖαι καὶ λῃστῶν καὶ στρατοπέδων στρατοπέδοις θῆραι.
For vast is that of water-creatures, vast that of winged creatures, and very vast also that concerning land-prey, not only of wild beasts, but one must also keep in mind that which is worthy of the name of hunting humans, both that in war, and vast also is that which hunts through friendship, of which one has praise and the other blame; and thefts and those of robbers, and hunts of armies against armies.
θήρας δὲ πέρι τιθέντι τῷ νομοθέτῃ τοὺς νόμους οὔτε μὴ δηλοῦν ταῦθʼ οἷόν τε, οὔτε ἐπὶ πᾶσιν τάξεις καὶ ζημίας ἐπιτιθέντα ἀπειλητικὰ νόμιμα τιθέναι.
But for the lawmaker laying down laws concerning hunting, it is neither possible not to make these things clear, nor to establish threatening regulations by imposing rules and penalties on all of them.
τί δὴ δραστέον περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα;
What indeed must be done concerning such things?
τὸν μέν, τὸν νομοθέτην, ἐπαινέσαι καὶ ψέξαι χρεὼν τὰ περὶ θήρας πρὸς τοὺς τῶν νέων πόνους τε καὶ ἐπιτηδεύματα, τὸν δʼ αὖ νέον ἀκούσαντα πείθεσθαι, καὶ μήθʼ ἡδονὴν μήτε πόνον ἐξείργειν αὐτόν, τῶν δὲ περὶ ἕκαστα ἀπειληθέντων μετὰ ζημίας καὶ νομοθετηθέντων, τὰ μετʼ ἐπαίνου ῥηθέντα μᾶλλον τιμᾶν καὶ προσταχθέντα ἀποτελεῖν.
On the one hand, the lawmaker must praise and blame the matters concerning hunting with respect to the labors and pursuits of the young, and on the other hand, the young man having heard must obey, and neither pleasure nor labor must bar him, but of those things threatened with penalty and legislated concerning each, he must honor more the things spoken with praise and perform what is commanded.
τούτων δὴ προρρηθέντων, ἑξῆς ἂν γίγνοιτο ἔμμετρος ἔπαινος θήρας καὶ ψόγος, ἥτις μὲν βελτίους ἀποτελεῖ τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν νέων ἐπαινοῦντος, ψέγοντος δὲ ἣ τἀναντία.
These things having been spoken beforehand, next would come a moderate praise and blame of hunting, praising whichever makes the souls of the young better, and blaming whichever does the opposite.
λέγωμεν τοίνυν τὸ μετὰ τοῦτο ἑξῆς προσαγορεύοντες διʼ εὐχῆς τοὺς νέους· ὦ φίλοι, εἴθʼ ὑμᾶς μήτε τις ἐπιθυμία μήτʼ ἔρως τῆς περὶ θάλατταν θήρας ποτὲ λάβοι μηδὲ ἀγκιστρείας μηδʼ ὅλως τῆς τῶν ἐνύδρων ζῴων, μήτε ἐγρηγορόσιν μήτε εὕδουσιν κύρτοις ἀργὸν θήραν διαπονουμένοις.
Let us speak, then, what follows next, addressing the young through a prayer: “O friends, may neither any desire nor passion for hunting about the sea ever take hold of you, nor angling nor altogether that of water-animals, whether you labor at idle hunting with weels waking or sleeping.
§7.824ΑΘ. μηδʼ αὖ ἄγρας ἀνθρώπων κατὰ θάλατταν λῃστείας τε ἵμερος ἐπελθὼν ὑμῖν θηρευτὰς ὠμοὺς καὶ ἀνόμους ἀποτελοῖ· κλωπείας δʼ ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ πόλει μηδὲ εἰς τὸν ἔσχατον ἐπέλθοι νοῦν ἅψασθαι.
ATH. Nor again, may a desire for the capture of humans by sea and piracy come upon you and make you cruel and lawless hunters; and may it not enter into your mind, even in the slightest, to touch upon thefts in the countryside or the city.
μηδʼ αὖ πτηνῶν θήρας αἱμύλος ἔρως οὐ σφόδρα ἐλευθέριος ἐπέλθοι τινὶ νέων.
Nor again, may a cunning passion for hunting birds, which is not very liberal, come upon any of the young.
πεζῶν δὴ μόνον θήρευσίς τε καὶ ἄγρα λοιπὴ τοῖς παρʼ ἡμῖν ἀθληταῖς, ὧν ἡ μὲν τῶν εὑδόντων αὖ κατὰ μέρη, νυκτερεία κληθεῖσα, ἀργῶν ἀνδρῶν, οὐκ ἀξία ἐπαίνου, οὐδʼ ἧττον διαπαύματα πόνων ἔχουσα, ἄρκυσίν τε καὶ πάγαις ἀλλʼ οὐ φιλοπόνου ψυχῆς νίκῃ χειρουμένων τὴν ἄγριον τῶν θηρίων ῥώμην· μόνη δὴ πᾶσιν λοιπὴ καὶ ἀρίστη ἡ τῶν τετραπόδων ἵπποις καὶ κυσὶν καὶ τοῖς ἑαυτῶν θήρα σώμασιν, ὧν ἁπάντων κρατοῦσιν δρόμοις καὶ πληγαῖς καὶ βολαῖς αὐτόχειρες θηρεύοντες, ὅσοις ἀνδρείας τῆς θείας ἐπιμελές.
Only the hunting and capture of land-animals, then, remains for our athletes, of which that of sleeping prey, in turn, by parts, called night-hunting, is for idle men and not worthy of praise, nor does it fail to have pauses from labor, as they subdue the wild strength of beasts by nets and traps rather than by the victory of a labor-loving soul; indeed, the only one remaining for all and the best is the hunting of four-footed beasts with horses, dogs, and their own bodies, all of which they master by running, blows, and casts, hunting with their own hands, as many as care for divine courage.
τούτων δὴ πάντων ἔπαινος μὲν πέρι καὶ ψόγος ὁ διειρημένος ἂν εἴη λόγος, νόμος δὲ ὅδε· τούτους μηδεὶς τοὺς ἱεροὺς ὄντως θηρευτὰς κωλυέτω ὅπου καὶ ὅπῃπερ ἂν ἐθέλωσιν κυνηγετεῖν, νυκτερευτὴν δὲ ἄρκυσιν καὶ πλεκταῖς πιστὸν μηδεὶς μηδέποτε ἐάσῃ μηδαμοῦ θηρεῦσαι· τὸν ὀρνιθευτὴν δὲ ἐν ἀργοῖς μὲν καὶ ὄρεσιν μὴ κωλυέτω, ἐν ἐργασίμοις δὲ καὶ ἱεροῖς ἀγρίοις ἐξειργέτω ὁ προστυγχάνων, ἐνυγροθηρευτὴν δέ, πλὴν ἐν λιμέσιν καὶ ἱεροῖς ποταμοῖς τε καὶ ἕλεσι καὶ λίμναις, ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις δὲ ἐξέστω θηρεύειν, μὴ χρώμενον ὀπῶν ἀναθολώσει μόνον. νῦν οὖν ἤδη πάντα χρὴ φάναι τέλος ἔχειν τά γε παιδείας πέρι νόμιμα.
Concerning all these things, then, the praise and blame would be the spoken discourse as distinguished, and the law is as follows: Let no one hinder these truly sacred hunters from hunting with dogs wherever and however they wish; but let no one ever permit a night-hunter relying on nets and traps to hunt anywhere; and let him not hinder the bird-catcher in waste lands and mountains, but let whoever happens upon him exclude him from cultivated lands and sacred precincts; and as for the water-hunter, except in harbors and sacred rivers and marshes and lakes, in other places let it be permitted to hunt, provided only that he does not use the muddying of waters with plant juices.” Now, therefore, one must say that all the regulations concerning education indeed have an end.
ΚΛ. καλῶς ἂν λέγοις.
CL. You speak well.