§4.716ΑΘ.
ἄνδρες
τοίνυν φῶμεν πρὸς αὐτούς,
ὁ μὲν δὴ θεός, ὥσπερ καὶ ὁ παλαιὸς λόγος, ἀρχήν τε καὶ τελευτὴν καὶ μέσα τῶν ὄντων ἁπάντων ἔχων, εὐθείᾳ περαίνει κατὰ φύσιν περιπορευόμενος·
ATH. Therefore, let us say to them: "O men, God, indeed, as the ancient saying also goes, holding the beginning, the end, and the middle of all existing things, completes his straight course, walking around according to nature.
τῷ δὲ ἀεὶ συνέπεται δίκη τῶν ἀπολειπομένων τοῦ θείου νόμου τιμωρός, ἧς ὁ μὲν εὐδαιμονήσειν μέλλων ἐχόμενος συνέπεται ταπεινὸς καὶ κεκοσμημένος, ὁ δέ τις ἐξαρθεὶς ὑπὸ μεγαλαυχίας, ἢ χρήμασιν ἐπαιρόμενος ἢ τιμαῖς, ἢ καὶ σώματος εὐμορφίᾳ ἅμα νεότητι καὶ ἀνοίᾳ φλέγεται τὴν ψυχὴν μεθʼ ὕβρεως, ὡς οὔτε ἄρχοντος οὔτε τινὸς ἡγεμόνος δεόμενος, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄλλοις ἱκανὸς ὢν ἡγεῖσθαι, καταλείπεται ἔρημος θεοῦ, καταλειφθεὶς δὲ καὶ ἔτι ἄλλους τοιούτους προσλαβὼν σκιρτᾷ ταράττων πάντα ἅμα, καὶ πολλοῖς τισιν ἔδοξεν εἶναί τις, μετὰ δὲ χρόνον οὐ πολὺν ὑποσχὼν τιμωρίαν οὐ μεμπτὴν τῇ δίκῃ ἑαυτόν τε καὶ οἶκον καὶ πόλιν ἄρδην ἀνάστατον ἐποίησεν.
And with him always follows Justice, the punisher of those who fall short of the divine law; whom he who is to be happy, holding fast, follows humble and orderly. But someone who is lifted up by boastfulness, or elevated by wealth or honors, or by beauty of body together with youth and folly, has his soul inflamed with arrogance, as if needing neither ruler nor any guide, but rather being sufficient to lead others, is left behind abandoned by God. And having been abandoned and having taken to himself still others of such a kind, he leaps about, throwing everything into confusion together, and seems to many to be someone; but after not much time, having paid a penalty not to be blamed to Justice, he utterly ruins himself, his household, and his city.
πρὸς ταῦτʼ οὖν οὕτω διατεταγμένα τί χρὴ δρᾶν ἢ διανοεῖσθαι καὶ τί μὴ τὸν ἔμφρονα; ΚΛ. δῆλον δὴ τοῦτό γε·
In the face of these things, then, so ordered, what must the prudent man do or think, and what must he not?" CL.
ὡς τῶν συνακολουθησόντων ἐσόμενον τῷ θεῷ δεῖ διανοηθῆναι πάντα ἄνδρα.
This, indeed, is clear: that every man must resolve to be one of those who will follow God.
ΑΘ.
τίς οὖν δὴ πρᾶξις φίλη καὶ ἀκόλουθος θεῷ;
ATH. What action, then, is dear and following to God?
μία, καὶ ἕνα λόγον ἔχουσα ἀρχαῖον, ὅτι τῷ μὲν ὁμοίῳ τὸ ὅμοιον ὄντι μετρίῳ φίλον ἂν εἴη, τὰ δʼ ἄμετρα οὔτε ἀλλήλοις οὔτε τοῖς ἐμμέτροις.
One, and possessing one ancient saying: that like is dear to like when it is moderate, but immoderate things are dear neither to one another nor to those that are moderate.
ὁ δὴ θεὸς ἡμῖν πάντων χρημάτων μέτρον ἂν εἴη μάλιστα, καὶ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἤ πού τις, ὥς φασιν, ἄνθρωπος·
Now God, for us, would be the measure of all things in the highest degree, and much more so than some "man", as they say.
τὸν οὖν τῷ τοιούτῳ προσφιλῆ γενησόμενον, εἰς δύναμιν ὅτι μάλιστα καὶ αὐτὸν τοιοῦτον ἀναγκαῖον γίγνεσθαι, καὶ κατὰ τοῦτον δὴ τὸν λόγον ὁ μὲν σώφρων ἡμῶν θεῷ φίλος, ὅμοιος γάρ, ὁ δὲ μὴ σώφρων ἀνόμοιός τε καὶ διάφορος καὶ ὁ ἄδικος, καὶ τὰ ἄλλʼ οὕτως κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον ἔχει.
He, then, who is to become dear to such a being, must of necessity become such himself as far as his power allows; and according to this argument, the temperate man among us is dear to God, for he is like him, but the intemperate is unlike and different, and the unjust likewise, and the other things stand in the same way according to the same argument.
νοήσωμεν δὴ τούτοις ἑπόμενον εἶναι τὸν τοιόνδε λόγον, ἁπάντων κάλλιστον καὶ ἀληθέστατον οἶμαι λόγων, ὡς τῷ μὲν ἀγαθῷ θύειν καὶ προσομιλεῖν ἀεὶ τοῖς θεοῖς εὐχαῖς καὶ ἀναθήμασιν καὶ συμπάσῃ θεραπείᾳ θεῶν κάλλιστον καὶ ἄριστον καὶ ἀνυσιμώτατον πρὸς τὸν εὐδαίμονα βίον καὶ δὴ καὶ διαφερόντως πρέπον, τῷ δὲ κακῷ τούτων τἀναντία πέφυκεν.
Let us then conceive that the following argument is consecutive to these, the most beautiful and truest of all arguments, I think: that for the good man to sacrifice and always associate with the gods in prayers, offerings, and all service to the gods is most beautiful, best, and most effective towards a happy life, and indeed preeminently fitting; but for the bad man, the opposite of these is naturally the case.
§4.717ΑΘ.
ἀκάθαρτος γὰρ τὴν ψυχὴν ὅ γε κακός, καθαρὸς δὲ ὁ ἐναντίος, παρὰ δὲ μιαροῦ δῶρα οὔτε ἄνδρʼ ἀγαθὸν οὔτε θεὸν ἔστιν ποτὲ τό γε ὀρθὸν δέχεσθαι·
ATH. For the bad man is impure in his soul, while the opposite is pure, and from a defiled person it is never right for either a good man or a god to receive gifts.
μάτην οὖν περὶ θεοὺς ὁ πολύς ἐστι πόνος τοῖς ἀνοσίοις, τοῖσιν δὲ ὁσίοις ἐγκαιρότατος ἅπασιν.
In vain, then, is the great labor concerning the gods for the impious, but for the pious it is most timely of all.
σκοπὸς μὲν οὖν ἡμῖν οὗτος οὗ δεῖ στοχάζεσθαι· βέλη δὲ αὐτοῦ καὶ οἷον ἡ τοῖς βέλεσιν ἔφεσις τὰ ποῖʼ ἂν λεγόμενα ὀρθότατα φέροιτʼ ἄν;
This, then, is our target at which we must aim; but what sort of words, being spoken, would carry most correctly as its arrows, and as it were the shooting of the arrows?
πρῶτον μέν, φαμέν, τιμὰς τὰς μετʼ Ὀλυμπίους τε καὶ τοὺς τὴν πόλιν ἔχοντας θεοὺς τοῖς χθονίοις ἄν τις θεοῖς ἄρτια καὶ δεύτερα καὶ ἀριστερὰ νέμων ὀρθότατα τοῦ τῆς εὐσεβείας σκοποῦ τυγχάνοι, τὰ δὲ τούτων ἄνωθεν καὶ ἀντίφωνα, τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν ῥηθεῖσιν νυνδή.
First, we say, if one distributes even, second, and left-hand honors to the underworld gods after the Olympian and city-holding gods, he would most correctly hit the target of piety; but the honors from above and of opposite tone to these, to those spoken of just now.
μετὰ θεοὺς δὲ τούσδε καὶ τοῖς δαίμοσιν ὅ γε ἔμφρων ὀργιάζοιτʼ ἄν, ἥρωσιν δὲ μετὰ τούτους.
After these gods, the prudent man would celebrate the rites for the daemons, and for the heroes after these.
ἐπακολουθοῖ δʼ αὐτοῖς ἱδρύματα ἴδια πατρῴων θεῶν κατὰ νόμον ὀργιαζόμενα, γονέων δὲ μετὰ ταῦτα τιμαὶ ζώντων·
And there should follow them private shrines of ancestral gods, celebrated according to law, and after these, honors to living parents.
ὡς θέμις ὀφείλοντα ἀποτίνειν τὰ πρῶτά τε καὶ μέγιστα ὀφειλήματα, χρεῶν πάντων πρεσβύτατα, νομίζειν δέ, ἃ κέκτηται καὶ ἔχει, πάντα εἶναι τῶν γεννησάντων καὶ θρεψαμένων πρὸς τὸ παρέχειν αὐτὰ εἰς ὑπηρεσίαν ἐκείνοις κατὰ δύναμιν πᾶσαν, ἀρχόμενον ἀπὸ τῆς οὐσίας, δεύτερα τὰ τοῦ σώματος, τρίτα τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς, ἀποτίνοντα δανείσματα ἐπιμελείας τε καὶ ὑπερπονούντων ὠδῖνας παλαιὰς ἐπὶ νέοις δανεισθείσας, ἀποδιδόντα δὲ παλαιοῖς ἐν τῷ γήρᾳ σφόδρα κεχρημένοις.
For it is right to pay back the first and greatest of debts, the oldest of all obligations, and to believe that everything he possesses and has belongs to those who begot and nurtured him, so as to provide them for their service to the utmost of his power, beginning from his property, second those of the body, third those of the soul, paying back the loans of care and the ancient labor-pains of those who suffered exceedingly, lent upon them when young, and returning them to the old who are in great need in their old age.
παρὰ δὲ πάντα τὸν βίον ἔχειν τε καὶ ἐσχηκέναι χρὴ πρὸς αὑτοῦ γονέας εὐφημίαν διαφερόντως, διότι κούφων καὶ πτηνῶν λόγων βαρυτάτη ζημία—πᾶσι γὰρ ἐπίσκοπος τοῖς περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐτάχθη Δίκης Νέμεσις ἄγγελος—θυμουμένοις τε οὖν ὑπείκειν δεῖ καὶ ἀποπιμπλᾶσι τὸν θυμόν, ἐάντʼ ἐν λόγοις ἐάντʼ ἐν ἔργοις δρῶσιν τὸ τοιοῦτον, συγγιγνώσκοντα, ὡς εἰκότως μάλιστα πατὴρ ὑεῖ δοξάζων ἀδικεῖσθαι θυμοῖτʼ ἂν διαφερόντως.
And throughout all his life he must hold, and have held, a preeminent restraint of speech toward his parents, because there is a most heavy penalty for light and winged words—for Nemesis, the messenger of Justice, is appointed as overseer over all such matters. Therefore, one must yield to them when they are angry and when they satisfy their anger, whether they do so in words or in deeds, pardoning them, since it is very natural for a father to be exceptionally angry when he believes he is wronged by his son.
τελευτησάντων δὲ γονέων ταφὴ μὲν ἡ σωφρονεστάτη καλλίστη, μήτε ὑπεραίροντα τῶν εἰθισμένων ὄγκων μήτʼ ἐλλείποντα ὧν οἱ προπάτορες τοὺς ἑαυτῶν γεννητὰς ἐτίθεσαν, τάς τε αὖ κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν τῶν ἤδη τέλος ἐχόντων ὡσαύτως ἐπιμελείας τὰς κόσμον φερούσας ἀποδιδόναι·
And when parents die, the most moderate burial is the most beautiful, neither exceeding the customary pomps nor falling short of what the forefathers established for their own parents; and again, one must render the annual cares that bring honor to those who have already reached their end in the same way.