§4.706ΑΘ. τοῦτον γὰρ δὴ τίθεσθαι τὸν νόμον ὀρθῶς ὑποτίθεμαι μόνον, ὃς ἂν δίκην τοξότου ἑκάστοτε στοχάζηται τούτου ὅτῳ ἂν συνεχῶς τούτων ἀεὶ καλόν τι συνέπηται μόνῳ, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα σύμπαντα παραλείπῃ, ἐάντε τις πλοῦτος ἐάντε ἄρα τι τῶν ἄλλων τῶν τοιούτων ὂν τυγχάνῃ ἄνευ τῶν προειρημένων.
ATH. For I assume that only that law is correctly enacted which, like an archer, always aims at that thing which alone is constantly accompanied by something beautiful, while passing by all other things, whether it be wealth or any other such thing that happens to exist without the aforementioned virtues.
τὴν δὲ δὴ μίμησιν ἔλεγον τὴν τῶν πολεμίων τὴν κακὴν τοιάνδε γίγνεσθαι, ὅταν οἰκῇ μέν τις πρὸς θαλάττῃ, λυπῆται δʼ ὑπὸ πολεμίων, οἷον—φράσω γὰρ οὔτι μνησικακεῖν βουλόμενος ὑμῖν—Μίνως γὰρ δή ποτε τοὺς οἰκοῦντας τὴν Ἀττικὴν παρεστήσατο εἰς χαλεπήν τινα φορὰν δασμοῦ, δύναμιν πολλὴν κατὰ θάλατταν κεκτημένος, οἱ δʼ οὔτε πω πλοῖα ἐκέκτηντο, καθάπερ νῦν, πολεμικά, οὔτʼ αὖ τὴν χώραν πλήρη ναυπηγησίμων ξύλων ὥστʼ εὐμαρῶς ναυτικὴν παρασχέσθαι δύναμιν· οὔκουν οἷοί τʼ ἐγένοντο διὰ μιμήσεως ναυτικῆς αὐτοὶ ναῦται γενόμενοι εὐθὺς τότε τοὺς πολεμίους ἀμύνασθαι.
And I was saying that the evil imitation of enemies becomes of such a kind when someone dwells near the sea and is harassed by enemies; for instance—I will say it not at all wishing to bear a grudge against you—Minos once forced the inhabitants of Attica to pay a harsh tribute, since he possessed great power by sea, whereas they did not yet possess war vessels, as they do now, nor again did their country abound in timber for shipbuilding so that they could easily provide themselves with a naval force; therefore they were not able, by copying the naval tactics, to become sailors themselves immediately at that time and ward off the enemy.
ἔτι γὰρ ἂν πλεονάκις ἑπτὰ ἀπολέσαι παῖδας αὐτοῖς συνήνεγκεν, πρὶν ἀντὶ πεζῶν ὁπλιτῶν μονίμων ναυτικοὺς γενομένους ἐθισθῆναι, πυκνὰ ἀποπηδῶντας, δρομικῶς εἰς τὰς ναῦς ταχὺ πάλιν ἀποχωρεῖν, καὶ δοκεῖν μηδὲν αἰσχρὸν ποιεῖν μὴ τολμῶντας ἀποθνῄσκειν μένοντας ἐπιφερομένων πολεμίων, ἀλλʼ εἰκυίας αὐτοῖς γίγνεσθαι προφάσεις καὶ σφόδρα ἑτοίμας ὅπλα τε ἀπολλῦσιν καὶ φεύγουσι δή τινας οὐκ αἰσχράς, ὥς φασιν, φυγάς.
For it would have been more to their advantage to lose seven children many times over, before, instead of remaining as heavy-armed land soldiers, they became sailors and grew accustomed to jumping off frequently and running back quickly to their ships, thinking it no shame not to dare to die while remaining in their place when enemies attack, but having ready and highly convenient excuses for losing their weapons and fleeing, as they say, in "not shameful" flights.
ταῦτα γὰρ ἐκ ναυτικῆς ὁπλιτείας ῥήματα φιλεῖ συμβαίνειν, οὐκ ἄξια ἐπαίνων πολλάκις μυρίων, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον· ἔθη γὰρ πονηρὰ οὐδέποτε ἐθίζειν δεῖ, καὶ ταῦτα τὸ τῶν πολιτῶν βέλτιστον μέρος.
For such words are prone to result from a naval force of heavy-armed men, which are not worthy of praise many times over, but rather the opposite; for one must never accustom citizens to bad habits, especially the best part of the citizens.
ἦν δέ που τοῦτό γε καὶ παρʼ Ὁμήρου λαβεῖν, ὅτι τὸ ἐπιτήδευμα ἦν τὸ τοιοῦτον οὐ καλόν.
And one could surely find this also in Homer, that such a practice is not honorable.
Ὀδυσσεὺς γὰρ αὐτῷ λοιδορεῖ τὸν Ἀγαμέμνονα, τῶν Ἀχαιῶν τότε ὑπὸ τῶν Τρώων κατεχομένων τῇ μάχῃ, κελεύοντα τὰς ναῦς εἰς τὴν θάλατταν καθέλκειν, ὁ δὲ χαλεπαίνει τε αὐτῷ καὶ λέγει—
"
ὃς κέλεαι πολέμοιο συνεσταότος καὶ ἀυτῆς
νῆας ἐυσέλμους ἅλαδʼ ἕλκειν, ὄφρʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον
Τρωσὶ μὲν εὐκτὰ γένηται ἐελδομένοισί περ ἔμπης,
ἡμῖν δʼ αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος ἐπιρρέπῃ· οὐ γὰρ Ἀχαιοί
σχήσουσιν πολέμου νηῶν ἅλαδʼ ἑλκομενάων,
ἀλλʼ ἀποπαπτανέουσιν, ἐρωήσουσι δὲ χάρμης·
For Odysseus reproaches Agamemnon, when the Achaeans were then being hard pressed by the Trojans in the battle, for ordering them to draw the ships down to the sea, and he is angry with him and says: "Who biddest us, while the battle and the cry are joined, to draw the well-benched ships to the sea, so that yet more what is prayed for may befall the Trojans, though they are already eager, and steep ruin may fall upon us; for the Achaeans will not hold the battle while the ships are being drawn to the sea, but will look about and withdraw from the fight.
"
"
ἔνθα κε σὴ βουλὴ δηλήσεται, οἷʼ ἀγορεύεις. "
There will your counsel prove harmful, such as you speak." ATH.
§4.707ΑΘ. ταῦτʼ οὖν ἐγίγνωσκε καὶ ἐκεῖνος, ὅτι κακὸν ἐν θαλάττῃ τριήρεις ὁπλίταις παρεστῶσαι μαχομένοις· καὶ λέοντες ἂν ἐλάφους ἐθισθεῖεν φεύγειν τοιούτοις ἔθεσι χρώμενοι.
He too, then, knew this, that it is a bad thing to have triremes standing by at sea for soldiers fighting on land; even lions would be accustomed to flee from deer if they used such habits.
πρὸς δὲ τούτοις αἱ διὰ τὰ ναυτικὰ πόλεων δυνάμεις ἅμα σωτηρίᾳ τιμὰς οὐ τῷ καλλίστῳ τῶν πολεμικῶν ἀποδιδόασιν· διὰ κυβερνητικῆς γὰρ καὶ πεντηκονταρχίας καὶ ἐρετικῆς, καὶ παντοδαπῶν καὶ οὐ πάνυ σπουδαίων ἀνθρώπων γιγνομένης, τὰς τιμὰς ἑκάστοις οὐκ ἂν δύναιτο ὀρθῶς ἀποδιδόναι τις.
Moreover, the naval forces of states do not, along with salvation, award honors to the finest of military practices; for since they are achieved through the art of steering, the post of fifty-commander, and rowing, and through all sorts of not very respectable men, one would not be able to award honors correctly to each.
καίτοι πῶς ἂν ἔτι πολιτεία γίγνοιτο ὀρθὴ τούτου στερομένη;
And yet, how could a constitution still remain correct if deprived of this?
ΚΛ. σχεδὸν ἀδύνατον.
CL. Virtually impossible.
ἀλλὰ μήν, ὦ ξένε, τήν γε περὶ Σαλαμῖνα ναυμαχίαν τῶν Ἑλλήνων πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους γενομένην ἡμεῖς γε οἱ Κρῆτες τὴν Ἑλλάδα φαμὲν σῶσαι.
But indeed, stranger, we Cretans at least say that the naval battle at Salamis, fought by the Greeks against the barbarians, saved Greece.
ΑΘ. καὶ γὰρ οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τε καὶ βαρβάρων λέγουσι ταῦτα.
ATH. Yes, for most of the Greeks and barbarians say so.
ἡμεῖς δέ, ὦ φίλε, ἐγώ τε καὶ ὅδε, Μέγιλλος, φαμὲν τὴν πεζὴν μάχην τὴν ἐν Μαραθῶνι γενομένην καὶ ἐν Πλαταιαῖς, τὴν μὲν ἄρξαι τῆς σωτηρίας τοῖς Ἕλλησι, τὴν δὲ τέλος ἐπιθεῖναι, καὶ τὰς μὲν βελτίους τοὺς Ἕλληνας ποιῆσαι, τὰς δὲ οὐ βελτίους, ἵνʼ οὕτως λέγωμεν περὶ τῶν τότε συσσωσασῶν ἡμᾶς μαχῶν· πρὸς γὰρ τῇ περὶ Σαλαμῖνα τὴν περὶ τὸ Ἀρτεμίσιόν σοι προσθήσω κατὰ θάλατταν μάχην.
But we, my friend—I and Megillus here—say that the land battles at Marathon and Plataea, the one began the salvation of the Greeks, and the other put the finishing touch to it, and that these made the Greeks better, whereas the naval battles did not make them better, to speak thus of the battles that together saved us at that time; for in addition to the battle at Salamis, I will add for you the sea battle at Artemisium.
ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἀποβλέποντες νῦν πρὸς πολιτείας ἀρετήν, καὶ χώρας φύσιν σκοπούμεθα καὶ νόμων τάξιν, οὐ τὸ σῴζεσθαί τε καὶ εἶναι μόνον ἀνθρώποις τιμιώτατον ἡγούμενοι, καθάπερ οἱ πολλοί, τὸ δʼ ὡς βελτίστους γίγνεσθαί τε καὶ εἶναι τοσοῦτον χρόνον ὅσον ἂν ὦσιν· εἴρηται δʼ ἡμῖν οἶμαι καὶ τοῦτο ἐν τοῖς πρόσθεν.
But as it is, looking towards the virtue of a constitution, we are considering both the nature of the country and the arrangement of laws, not holding that to be saved and simply to exist is the most honorable thing for men, as the majority do, but to become and to remain as good as possible for as long as they exist; and this, I think, has also been said by us in the previous arguments.
ΚΛ. τί μήν;
CL. Of course.
ΑΘ. τοῦτο τοίνυν σκοπώμεθα μόνον, εἰ κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἐρχόμεθα βελτίστην οὖσαν πόλεσι κατοικίσεων πέρι καὶ νομοθεσιῶν.
ATH. Let us then consider this alone, whether we are going on the same path, which is the best for states, regarding settlements and legislations.
ΚΛ. καὶ πολύ γε.
CL. Very much so.
ΑΘ. λέγε δὴ τοίνυν τὸ τούτοις ἑξῆς·
ATH.
τίς ὁ κατοικιζόμενος ὑμῖν λεὼς ἔσται;
Tell me then what comes next after this: who will be the people being settled for you?
πότερον ἐξ ἁπάσης Κρήτης ὁ ἐθέλων, ὡς ὄχλου τινὸς ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ἑκάσταις γεγενημένου πλείονος ἢ κατὰ τὴν ἐκ τῆς γῆς τροφήν;
Will it be anyone who wishes from the whole of Crete, as a certain crowd has arisen in each of the cities larger than the food from the land can support?
οὐ γάρ που τὸν βουλόμενόν γε Ἑλλήνων συνάγετε.
For surely you are not gathering anyone who wishes of the Greeks.