§3.684ΑΘ. οὐκοῦν νῦν δὴ μᾶλλον βεβαιωσόμεθα τὸ τοιοῦτον·
ATH.
περιτυχόντες γὰρ ἔργοις γενομένοις, ὡς ἔοικεν, ἐπὶ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον ἐληλύθαμεν, ὥστε οὐ περὶ κενόν τι ζητήσομεν τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον, ἀλλὰ περὶ γεγονός τε καὶ ἔχον ἀλήθειαν.
Therefore now we shall confirm such a thing even more; for having met with facts that have occurred, as it seems, we have come to the same discourse, so that we shall investigate this same discourse not about something empty, but about what has occurred and possesses truth.
γέγονεν δὴ τάδε· βασιλεῖαι τρεῖς βασιλευομέναις πόλεσιν τριτταῖς ὤμοσαν ἀλλήλαις ἑκάτεραι, κατὰ νόμους οὓς ἔθεντο τοῦ τε ἄρχειν καὶ ἄρχεσθαι κοινούς, οἱ μὲν μὴ βιαιοτέραν τὴν ἀρχὴν ποιήσεσθαι προϊόντος τοῦ χρόνου καὶ γένους, οἱ δέ, ταῦτα ἐμπεδούντων τῶν ἀρχόντων, μήτε αὐτοὶ τὰς βασιλείας ποτὲ καταλύσειν μήτʼ ἐπιτρέψειν ἐπιχειροῦσιν ἑτέροις, βοηθήσειν δὲ βασιλῆς τε βασιλεῦσιν ἀδικουμένοις καὶ δήμοις, καὶ δῆμοι δήμοις καὶ βασιλεῦσιν ἀδικουμένοις.
Indeed, these things occurred: three kingships and three cities ruled by them each swore to one another, according to the laws which they established as common to both ruling and being ruled, the one party that they would not make their rule more violent as time and lineage went on, and the other party that, as long as the rulers kept these promises, they themselves would never dissolve the kingships nor permit others who attempted to do so, and that kings would help kings who were being wronged and peoples, and peoples would help peoples and kings who were being wronged.
ἆρʼ οὐχ οὕτως;
Was it not so?
ΜΕ. οὕτω μὲν οὖν.
ME. Quite so.
ΑΘ. οὐκοῦν τό γε μέγιστον ταῖς καταστάσεσιν τῶν πολιτειῶν ὑπῆρχεν ταῖς ἐν ταῖς τρισὶ πόλεσι νομοθετουμέναις, εἴτε οἱ βασιλῆς ἐνομοθέτουν εἴτʼ ἄλλοι τινές;
ATH. Therefore, was not the greatest advantage present in the establishments of the constitutions that were legislated in the three cities, whether the kings legislated them or some others?
ΜΕ. ποῖον;
ME. What kind?
ΑΘ. τὸ βοηθούς γε εἶναι τὰς δύο ἐπὶ τὴν μίαν ἀεὶ πόλιν, τὴν τοῖς τεθεῖσιν νόμοις ἀπειθοῦσαν.
ATH. That the two cities should always be helpers against the one that disobeyed the established laws.
ΜΕ. δῆλον.
ME. It is clear.
ΑΘ. καὶ μὴν τοῦτό γε οἱ πολλοὶ προστάττουσιν τοῖς νομοθέταις, ὅπως τοιούτους θήσουσιν τοὺς νόμους οὓς ἑκόντες οἱ δῆμοι καὶ τὰ πλήθη δέξονται, καθάπερ ἂν εἴ τις γυμνασταῖς ἢ ἰατροῖς προστάττοι μεθʼ ἡδονῆς θεραπεύειν τε καὶ ἰᾶσθαι τὰ θεραπευόμενα σώματα.
ATH. And yet many people charge legislators with this, that they should establish such laws as the peoples and the multitudes will accept voluntarily, just as if one were to charge trainers or physicians to treat and cure the bodies under treatment with pleasure.
ΜΕ. παντάπασι μὲν οὖν.
ME. By all means.
ΑΘ. τὸ δέ γʼ ἐστὶν ἀγαπητὸν πολλάκις εἰ καί τις μετὰ λύπης μὴ μεγάλης δύναιτο εὐεκτικά τε καὶ ὑγιῆ σώματα ἀπεργάζεσθαι.
ATH. But it is often a matter for satisfaction if one is able to make bodies healthy and in good condition even with some pain, provided it is not great.
ΜΕ. τί μήν;
ME. Of course.
ΑΘ. καὶ τόδε γε ἔτι τοῖς τότε ὑπῆρχεν οὐ σμικρὸν εἰς ῥᾳστώνην τῆς θέσεως τῶν νόμων.
ATH. And this further thing was present to those of that time as no small advantage for the ease of establishing the laws.
ΜΕ. τὸ ποῖον;
ME. What kind of thing?
ΑΘ. οὐκ ἦν τοῖς νομοθέταις ἡ μεγίστη τῶν μέμψεων, ἰσότητα αὐτοῖς τινα κατασκευάζουσιν τῆς οὐσίας, ἥπερ ἐν ἄλλαις νομοθετουμέναις πόλεσι πολλαῖς γίγνεται, ἐάν τις ζητῇ γῆς τε κτῆσιν κινεῖν καὶ χρεῶν διάλυσιν, ὁρῶν ὡς οὐκ ἂν δύναιτο ἄνευ τούτων γενέσθαι ποτὲ τὸ ἴσον ἱκανῶς·
ATH. There was not for the legislators the greatest of complaints, when they were establishing for them a certain equality of property, which in many other cities being legislated arises, if anyone attempts to disturb the ownership of land and to effect the cancellation of debts, seeing that without these things equality could never happen sufficiently.
ὡς ἐπιχειροῦντι δὴ νομοθέτῃ κινεῖν τῶν τοιούτων τι πᾶς ἀπαντᾷ λέγων μὴ κινεῖν τὰ ἀκίνητα, καὶ ἐπαρᾶται γῆς τε ἀναδασμοὺς εἰσηγούμενον καὶ χρεῶν ἀποκοπάς, ὥστʼ εἰς ἀπορίαν καθίστασθαι πάντʼ ἄνδρα.
For against a legislator who attempts to disturb any of such things, everyone stands in opposition, saying "do not disturb what must not be disturbed," and they heap curses on the one who introduces redistributions of land and cancellations of debts, so that every man is reduced to helplessness.
τοῖς δὲ δὴ Δωριεῦσι καὶ τοῦθʼ οὕτως ὑπῆρχεν καλῶς καὶ ἀνεμεσήτως, γῆν τε ἀναμφισβητήτως διανέμεσθαι, καὶ χρέα μεγάλα καὶ παλαιὰ οὐκ ἦν.
But for the Dorians indeed, even this was present so beautifully and without causing resentment: the land was distributed without dispute, and there were no large and old debts.
ΜΕ. ἀληθῆ.
ME. True.
ΑΘ. πῇ δή ποτε οὖν, ὦ ἄριστοι, κακῶς οὕτως αὐτοῖς ἐχώρησεν ἡ κατοίκισίς τε καὶ νομοθεσία;
ATH. How in the world, then, my excellent friends, did their settlement and legislation turn out so badly for them?