§12.952ΑΘ. τὴν δὲ συνουσίαν εἶναι τούτοις καὶ τοὺς λόγους περὶ νόμων ἀεὶ τῆς τε οἰκείας πόλεως πέρι, καὶ ἐὰν ἄλλοθι πυνθάνωνταί τι περὶ τῶν τοιούτων διαφέρον, καὶ δὴ καὶ περὶ μαθημάτων, ὁπόσʼ ἂν ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ σκέψει δοκῇ συμφέρειν μαθοῦσι μὲν εὐαγέστερον γίγνεσθαι, μὴ μαθοῦσι δὲ σκοτωδέστερα τὰ περὶ νόμους αὐτοῖς φαίνεσθαι καὶ ἀσαφῆ.
And let their association and conversation be always about the laws, both concerning their own city and if they learn of anything outstanding concerning such matters elsewhere, and moreover, concerning studies, as many as seem in this inquiry to be advantageous to those who have learned them so as to become clearer, while to those who have not learned them, the matters concerning the laws appear darker and unclear.
ἃ δʼ ἂν τούτων ἐγκρίνωσιν οἱ γεραίτεροι, τοὺς νεωτέρους πάσῃ σπουδῇ μανθάνειν, ἐὰν δέ τις ἀνάξιος δοκῇ τῶν παρακεκλημένων εἶναι, τῷ παρακαλοῦντι μέμφεσθαι τὸν σύλλογον ὅλον·
And whatever of these the older men approve, let the younger men learn with all zeal; and if any of those invited seems to be unworthy, let the whole assembly blame the person who invited him.
τοὺς δʼ εὐδοκιμοῦντας τούτων τῶν νέων φυλάττειν τὴν ἄλλην πόλιν, ἀποβλέποντας εἰς αὐτοὺς διαφερόντως τε τηροῦντας, καὶ τιμᾶν μὲν κατορθοῦντας, ἀτιμάζειν δὲ μᾶλλον τῶν ἄλλων, ἐὰν ἀποβαίνωσι χείρους τῶν πολλῶν.
And let the other citizens watch those of these young men who are well-reputed, keeping their eyes upon them and guarding them in a special way, and honoring them if they succeed, but dishonoring them more than others if they turn out worse than the multitude.
εἰς δὴ τοῦτον τὸν σύλλογον ὁ θεωρήσας τὰ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀνθρώποις νόμιμα ἀφικόμενος εὐθὺς πορευέσθω, καὶ εἴ τινα φήμην τινῶν περὶ θέσεως νόμων ἢ παιδείας ἢ τροφῆς ηὗρεν τινας ἔχοντας φράζειν, εἴτε καὶ αὐτὸς νενοηκὼς ἄττα ἥκοι, κοινούτω τῷ συλλόγῳ ἅπαντι· καὶ ἐάντε μηδὲν χείρων μηδέ τι βελτίων ἥκειν δόξῃ, χάριν γοῦν τῆς σφόδρα προθυμίας αἰνείσθω, ἐὰν δὲ πολὺ βελτίων, πολύ τʼ ἐπαινείσθω μᾶλλον ζῶν, τελευτήσαντά τε τιμαῖς αὐτὸν προσηκούσαις ἡ τῶν συλλεγομένων τιμάτω δύναμις.
And let the observer of the laws of other men, having arrived, go immediately to this assembly, and if he has found any report of any people concerning the establishing of laws or education or nurture, or if he has come having thought of some things himself, let him share them with the entire assembly; and if he seems to have come back neither better nor worse, let him at least be praised for his great zeal; but if he seems much better, let him be much more praised while living, and after he has died, let the power of those assembled honor him with fitting honors.
ἐὰν δὲ διεφθαρμένος ἀφικέσθαι δόξῃ, μηδενὶ συγγιγνέσθω μήτε νέῳ μήτε πρεσβυτέρῳ προσποιούμενος εἶναι σοφός· καὶ ἐὰν μὲν πείθηται τοῖς ἄρχουσιν, ἰδιώτης ζήτω, ἐὰν δὲ μή, τεθνάτω, ἐάν γʼ ἐν δικαστηρίῳ ἁλῷ πολυπραγμονῶν τι περὶ τὴν παιδείαν καὶ τοὺς νόμους.
But if he seems to have arrived corrupted, let him associate with no one, neither young nor old, pretending to be wise; and if he obeys the rulers, let him live as a private citizen, but if not, let him be put to death, if indeed he is convicted in court of being busybodying about education and the laws.
ἐὰν δὲ ἄξιον ὄντα εἰς δικαστήριον εἰσάγειν ἀρχόντων μηδεὶς εἰσάγῃ, ὄνειδος ἀποκείσθω τοῖς ἄρχουσιν εἰς τὴν τῶν ἀριστείων διαδικασίαν.
And if none of the rulers brings him into court when he is worthy of being brought, let the reproach be laid upon the rulers in the scrutiny for the prizes of valor.
ὁ μὲν οὖν ἐκδημῶν οὕτω καὶ τοιοῦτος ὢν ἐκδημείτω, τὸν δʼ εἰσεπιδημήσαντα μετὰ τοῦτον χρὴ φιλοφρονεῖσθαι.
Thus, then, let the one who goes abroad and is of such a character go abroad, and after this, it is necessary to welcome the one who has migrated into the city.
τέτταρες δʼ εἰσὶ ξένοι ὧν δεῖ πέρι λόγον τινὰ ποιεῖσθαι· ὁ μὲν δὴ πρῶτός τε καὶ διὰ τέλους ἀεὶ θερινὸς ὡς τὰ πολλὰ διατελῶν ταῖς φοιτήσεσιν, καθάπερ οἱ τῶν ὀρνίθων διαπορευόμενοι—καὶ τούτων οἱ πολλοὶ κατὰ θάλατταν ἀτεχνῶς οἷον πετόμενοι χρηματισμοῦ χάριν ἐμπορευόμενοι ἔτους ὥραν πέτονται πρὸς τὰς ἄλλας πόλεις— §12.953ΑΘ. ὃν ἀγοραῖς καὶ λιμέσι καὶ δημοσίοις οἰκοδομήμασιν ἔξω τῆς πόλεως πρὸς τῇ πόλει ὑποδέχεσθαι χρὴ τοὺς ἐπὶ τούτοις ἄρχοντας τεταγμένους, φυλάττοντας μὴ νεωτερίζῃ τίς τι τῶν τοιούτων ξένων, καὶ δίκας αὐτοῖς ὀρθῶς διανέμοντας, ἀναγκαῖα μέν, ὡς ὀλίγιστα δʼ ἐπιχρωμένους.
There are four kinds of strangers concerning whom it is necessary to make some account: first, the one who is always and throughout, mostly in summer, continuing his visits, just like the passage of birds—and most of these fly across the sea, literally as if flying for the sake of trade, making their way in the season of the year to other cities— whom the rulers appointed over these matters must receive in markets, harbors, and public buildings outside the city, near the city, guarding lest any of such strangers make any revolution, and distributing justice to them rightly, holding necessary but as few associations as possible.
ὁ δὲ δεύτερος, ὄμμασιν ὄντως θεωρὸς ὅσα τε μουσῶν ὠσὶν ἔχεται θεωρήματα· τῷ δὴ τοιούτῳ παντὶ χρὴ καταλύσεις πρὸς ἱεροῖς εἶναι φιλοξενίαις ἀνθρώπων παρεσκευασμένας, χρὴ δὲ καὶ τῶν τοιούτων ἱερέας τε καὶ νεωκόρους ἐπιμελεῖσθαι καὶ τημελεῖν, ἕως ἂν τὸν μέτριον ἐπιμείναντες χρόνον, ἰδόντες τε καὶ ἀκούσαντες ὧν χάριν ἀφίκοντο, ἀβλαβεῖς τοῦ δρᾶσαί τε καὶ παθεῖν ἀπαλλάττωνται.
The second is truly an observer with eyes of whatever spectacles are held by the ears of the Muses; for all such, there must be lodgings prepared near the temples for friendly hospitality, and the priests and temple-keepers must take care of and cherish such persons, until they have stayed for a moderate time and have seen and heard the things for which they came, and depart unharmed by doing or suffering anything.
δικαστὰς δʼ αὐτοῖς εἶναι τοὺς ἱερέας, ἐὰν ἀδικῇ τις αὐτῶν τινα ἤ τινʼ ἄλλον ἀδικῇ τις τούτων ὅσα ἐντὸς δραχμῶν πεντήκοντα, ἐὰν δέ τι μεῖζον ἔγκλημα αὐτοῖς γίγνηται, πρὸς τοῖς ἀγορανόμοις εἶναι δεῖ δίκας τοῖς τοιούτοις.
And let the priests be judges for them, if any of them wrongs someone or if anyone wrongs one of these in matters up to fifty drachmae; but if any greater charge arises against them, the trial for such must be before the market-wardens.
τρίτον δὲ ξένον ὑποδέχεσθαι χρὴ δημοσίᾳ τὸν κατά τι δημόσιον ἐξ ἄλλης χώρας ἀφιγμένον· ὃν στρατηγοῖς τε καὶ ἱππάρχοις καὶ ταξιάρχοις ὑποδεκτέον ἐστὶν μόνοις, τήν τʼ ἐπιμέλειαν τῶν τοιούτων μετὰ τῶν πρυτάνεων ποιητέον ἐκείνῳ παρʼ ὅτῳ τις ἂν αὐτῶν τὴν κατάλυσιν ξενωθεὶς ποιήσηται μόνῳ.
The third stranger to be received publicly is the one arrived from another country on some public business; him the generals, cavalry commanders, and taxiarchs alone must receive, and the care of such must be made, together with the prytaneis, by that host alone with whom any of them makes his lodging.
τέταρτος δέ, ἄν ποτέ τις ἀφίκηται, σπάνιος μέν, ἂν δʼ οὖν ποτέ τις ἔλθῃ τῶν παρʼ ἡμῖν θεωρῶν ἀντίστροφος ἐξ ἄλλης χώρας, πρῶτον μὲν ἔλαττον ἐτῶν μηδὲν πεντήκοντα γεγονὼς ἔστω, πρὸς τούτῳ δὲ ἀξιῶν τι καλὸν ἰδεῖν τῶν ἐν ταῖς ἄλλαις πόλεσιν διαφέρον ἐν καλλοναῖς ἢ καὶ δεῖξαί τι κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἄλλῃ πόλει.
The fourth, if ever one arrives—rare indeed, but if ever there comes an counterpart of our observers from another country—first, let him be not less than fifty years of age, and in addition, claiming to see something beautiful among those that excel in beauty in other cities, or indeed to show something in the same way to the other city.
ἴτω μὲν νῦν πᾶς ἀκέλευστος ὁ τοιοῦτος ἐπὶ τὰς τῶν πλουσίων καὶ σοφῶν θύρας, τοιοῦτος ἕτερος αὐτὸς ὤν· ἐπὶ γὰρ τὴν τοῦ τῆς παιδείας ἐπιμελουμένου πάσης οἴκησιν ἴτω πιστεύων ἱκανῶς εἶναι ξένος τῷ τοιούτῳ ξένῳ, ἢ τὴν τῶν νικηφόρων τινὸς ἐπʼ ἀρετῇ, συνὼν δὲ τούτων τισὶν τὸ μὲν διδάξας, τὸ δὲ μαθὼν ἀπαλλαττέσθω, φίλος παρὰ φίλων δώροις καὶ τιμαῖς πρεπούσαις τιμηθείς.
Let such a one go now unbidden to the doors of the wealthy and wise, being himself another such; for let him go to the dwelling of the one who takes care of all education, trusting that he is a guest who is sufficiently welcome to such a host, or to the house of one of those who are victors in virtue, and associating with some of these, having taught some things and learned others, let him depart, a friend from friends, honored with fitting gifts and honors.
τούτοις δὴ τοῖς νόμοις ὑποδέχεσθαί τε χρὴ πάντας ξένους τε καὶ ξένας ἐξ ἄλλης χώρας καὶ τοὺς αὑτῶν ἐκπέμπειν, τιμῶντας ξένιον Δία, μὴ βρώμασι καὶ θύμασι τὰς ξενηλασίας ποιουμένους, καθάπερ ποιοῦσιν νῦν θρέμματα Νείλου, μηδὲ κηρύγμασιν ἀγρίοις.
By these laws indeed we must receive all male strangers and female strangers from another country and send out our own, honoring Zeus, the patron of hospitality, not making expulsions of strangers with food and sacrifices, as the nourishments of the Nile do now, nor with savage proclamations.