§12.954ΑΘ. ἐγγύην, ἣν ἂν ἐγγυᾶταί τις, διαρρήδην ἐγγυάσθω, τὴν πρᾶξιν πᾶσαν διομολογούμενος ἐν συγγραφῇ καὶ ἐναντίον μαρτύρων μὴ ἔλαττον τριῶν, ὅσα ἐντὸς χιλίων, τὰ δʼ ὑπὲρ χιλίας μὴ ἔλαττον ἢ πέντε.
ATH. Concerning surety, whatever surety anyone guarantees, let him guarantee it explicitly, agreeing to the whole transaction in writing and in the presence of not less than three witnesses for matters up to a thousand drachmae, and for those over a thousand, not less than five.
ἐγγυητὴς μὲν δὴ καὶ ὁ προπωλῶν ὁτιοῦν τοῦ μὴ ἐνδίκως πωλοῦντος ἢ καὶ μηδαμῶς ἀξιόχρεω· ὑπόδικος δʼ ἔστω καὶ ὁ προπωλῶν καθάπερ ὁ ἀποδόμενος.
And indeed, let the one who sells anything beforehand on behalf of one who sells unlawfully or is in no way credit-worthy be also a surety; and let the pre-seller be subject to trial just like the seller.
φωρᾶν δὲ ἂν ἐθέλῃ τις παρʼ ὁτῳοῦν, γυμνὸς ἢ χιτωνίσκον ἔχων ἄζωστος, προομόσας τοὺς νομίμους θεοὺς ἦ μὴν ἐλπίζειν εὑρήσειν, οὕτω φωρᾶν· ὁ δὲ παρεχέτω τὴν οἰκίαν, τά τε σεσημασμένα καὶ τὰ ἀσήμαντα, φωρᾶν.
And if anyone wishes to search for stolen goods in anyone's house, let him search naked, or wearing only an ungirdled tunic, having previously sworn by the lawful gods that he truly expects to find them, and let him search thus; and let the host offer his house, both the sealed and unsealed parts, to be searched.
ἐὰν δέ τις ἐρευνᾶν βουλομένῳ φωρᾶν μὴ διδῷ, δικάζεσθαι μὲν τὸν ἀπειργόμενον, τιμησάμενον τὸ ἐρευνώμενον, ἂν δέ τις ὄφλῃ, τὴν διπλασίαν τοῦ τιμηθέντος βλάβην ἐκτίνειν.
But if anyone does not permit the search to the one wishing to investigate, let the one barred bring a suit, having valued the object under search, and if the defendant is convicted, let him pay double the valued damage.
ἐὰν δὲ ἀποδημῶν οἰκίας δεσπότης τυγχάνῃ, τὰ μὲν ἀσήμαντα παρεχόντων οἱ ἐνοικοῦντες ἐρευνᾶν, τὰ δὲ σεσημασμένα παρασημηνάσθω καὶ ὃν ἂν ἐθέλῃ φύλακα καταστησάτω πέντε ἡμέρας ὁ φωρῶν· ἐὰν δὲ πλείονα χρόνον ἀπῇ, τοὺς ἀστυνόμους παραλαβὼν οὕτω φωράτω, λύων καὶ τὰ σεσημασμένα, πάλιν δὲ μετὰ τῶν οἰκείων καὶ τῶν ἀστυνόμων κατὰ ταὐτὰ σημηνάσθω.
And if the master of the house happens to be away from home, let the residents offer the unsealed parts to be searched, and let the searcher counter-seal the sealed parts and appoint whomever he wishes as a guard for five days; and if the master is away for a longer time, let him search thus after taking along the city-wardens, even opening the sealed parts, and let him seal them again in the same way together with the household members and the city-wardens.
τῶν ἀμφισβητησίμων χρόνου ὅρος, ὃν ἐάν τις ᾖ κεκτημένος, μηκέτʼ ἀμφισβητεῖν ἐξεῖναι. χωρίων μὲν οἰκήσεών τε τῇδε οὐκ ἔστʼ ἀμφισβήτησις· τῶν δὲ ἄλλων ὅτι ἄν τις ἐκτημένος ᾖ, ἐὰν μὲν κατὰ ἄστυ καὶ κατʼ ἀγορὰν καὶ ἱερὰ χρώμενος φαίνηται καὶ μηδεὶς ἐπιλάβηται, φῇ δὲ ζητεῖν τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον, ὁ δὲ μὴ ἀποκρυπτόμενος φανερὸς ᾖ, ἐὰν οὕτω τις ἐνιαυτὸν ὁτιοῦν ἐκτημένος, ὁ δὲ ζητῶν διαγένωνται, μὴ ἐξέστω τοιούτου κτήματος ἐπιλαβέσθαι μηδένʼ ἀπελθόντος ἐνιαυτοῦ.
The limit of time for disputed property, after which, if anyone has possessed it, it is no longer permitted to dispute it: concerning lands and dwellings in this place, there is no dispute; but concerning other things that anyone has possessed, if he appears using them in the city, the market, and the temples, and no one claims them, and the searcher says he has been looking for them during this time, and the possessor is visible and not hiding them, if anyone has thus possessed anything for a year, and the one searching has spent that year, let no one be permitted to claim such property after the year has passed.
ἐὰν δὲ κατʼ ἄστυ μὲν μὴ μηδὲ κατʼ ἀγορὰν χρῆται, κατʼ ἀγροὺς δὲ φανερῶς, μὴ προστυχὴς δὲ ἐν πέντε ἔτεσιν γένηταί τις, τῶν πέντε ἐξελθόντων ἐτῶν, μηκέτι τοῦ λοιποῦ χρόνου ἐξέστω τούτῳ τοῦ τοιούτου ἐπιλαβέσθαι.
But if he does not use it in the city or the market, but openly in the fields, and no one meets with it within five years, when the five years have elapsed, let it no longer be permitted to claim such property in the remaining time.
ἐὰν δὲ κατʼ οἰκίας ἐν ἄστει τέ τις χρῆται, τριετῆ τὴν προθεσμίαν εἶναι, ἐὰν δὲ κατʼ ἀγροὺς ἐν ἀφανεῖ κεκτῆται, δέκα ἐτῶν, ἐὰν δʼ ἐν ἀλλοδημίᾳ, τοῦ παντὸς χρόνου, ὅταν ἀνεύρῃ που, μηδεμίαν εἶναι προθεσμίαν τῆς ἐπιλήψεως.
And if anyone uses it inside a house in the city, let the time limit be three years, but if he possesses it in the fields in an invisible manner, ten years; and if he is in a foreign land, let there be no time limit at all for the claim whenever he finds it anywhere.
§12.955ΑΘ. ἐάν τίς τινα δίκῃ παραγενέσθαι κωλύσῃ βίᾳ, εἴτε αὐτὸν εἴτε μάρτυρας, ἐὰν μὲν δοῦλον εἴτε αὑτοῦ εἴτε ἀλλότριον, ἀτελῆ καὶ ἄκυρον γίγνεσθαι τὴν δίκην, ἐὰν δὲ ἐλεύθερον, πρὸς τῷ ἀτελῆ, δεθῆναι μὲν ἐνιαυτόν, ὑπόδικον δὲ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ τῷ ἐθέλοντι γίγνεσθαι.
ATH. If anyone by force prevents someone from appearing in a lawsuit, whether the person himself or his witnesses, if it is a slave, whether his own or another's, let the trial be void and invalid; but if it is a free man, in addition to the trial being void, let him be imprisoned for a year and be subject to a trial for kidnapping by anyone who wishes.
ἐὰν δὲ ἀνταγωνιστὴν γυμναστικῆς ἢ μουσικῆς ἤ τινος ἀγῶνος ἑτέρου διακωλύῃ τις βίᾳ μὴ παραγίγνεσθαι, φραζέτω μὲν ὁ ἐθέλων τοῖς ἀθλοθέταις, οἱ δʼ εἰς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐλεύθερον ἀφιέντων τὸν ἐθέλοντα ἀγωνίζεσθαι· ἐὰν δὲ ἀδυνατήσωσιν, ἐὰν μὲν ὁ κωλύων ἀγωνίζεσθαι νικήσῃ, τά τε νικητήρια τῷ διακωλυθέντι διδόναι καὶ νικήσαντα γράφειν ἐν ἱεροῖς οἷς ἂν ἐθέλῃ, τῷ δὲ διακωλύσαντι μὴ ἐξέστω μηδὲν ἀνάθημα μηδʼ ἐπιγραφὴν τοῦ τοιούτου ἀγῶνός ποτε γενέσθαι, βλάβης δὲ ὑπόδικος γιγνέσθω, ἐάντε ἡττῆται ἀγωνιζόμενος ἐάντε καὶ νικᾷ.
And if anyone by force prevents a competitor in gymnastics, music, or any other contest from appearing, let anyone who wishes tell the contest-judges, and let them admit the one who wishes to compete to the contest as a free man; but if they are unable to do so, if the one who prevented him from competing wins, let him give the prizes of victory to the one who was prevented and let the prevented person be recorded as victor in whatever temples he wishes, and let the one who prevented him never be allowed to have any offering or inscription of such a contest, and let him be subject to a suit for damage, whether he is defeated in the contest or wins.
ἐάν τις κλεμμάδιον ὁτιοῦν ὑποδέχηται γιγνώσκων, τὴν αὐτὴν ὑπεχέτω δίκην τῷ κλέψαντι· φυγάδος δὲ ὑποδοχῆς θάνατος ἔστω ζημία.
If anyone receives any stolen goods whatsoever knowing them to be such, let him undergo the same penalty as the thief; and for receiving an exile, let death be the penalty.
τὸν αὐτὸν φίλον τε καὶ ἐχθρὸν νομιζέτω πᾶς τῇ πόλει· ἐὰν δέ τις ἰδίᾳ ποιῆται πρός τινας εἰρήνην ἢ πόλεμον ἄνευ τοῦ κοινοῦ, θάνατος ἔστω καὶ τούτῳ ζημία· ἐὰν δέ τι μέρος τῆς πόλεως εἰρήνην ἢ πόλεμον πρός τινας ἑαυτῷ ποιῆται, τοὺς αἰτίους οἱ στρατηγοὶ ταύτης τῆς πράξεως εἰσαγόντων εἰς δικαστήριον, ὀφλόντι δὲ θάνατος ἔστω δίκη.
Let everyone consider the same person friend and enemy as the city does; and if anyone privately makes peace or war with any persons without the community, let death be the penalty for him also; and if any part of the city makes peace or war with any persons for itself, let the generals bring the authors of this action into court, and for the one convicted let death be the penalty.
τοὺς τῇ πατρίδι διακονοῦντάς τι δώρων χωρὶς χρὴ διακονεῖν, πρόφασιν δʼ εἶναι μηδεμίαν μηδὲ λόγον ἐπαινούμενον, ὡς ἐπʼ ἀγαθοῖς μὲν δεῖ δέχεσθαι δῶρα, ἐπὶ δὲ φλαύροις οὔ· τὸ γὰρ γνῶναι καὶ γνόντα καρτερεῖν οὐκ εὐπετές, ἀκούοντα δὲ ἀσφαλέστατον πείθεσθαι τῷ νόμῳ, μηδὲν ἐπὶ δώροισιν διακονεῖν.
Those who serve their fatherland in any way must serve without gifts, and there must be no excuse or praised argument that for good things indeed one ought to receive gifts, but for bad things not; for to judge this and, having judged, to hold out is not easy, but it is safest to obey the law by listening to it, namely to serve in no way for gifts.
ὁ δὲ μὴ πειθόμενος ἁπλῶς τεθνάτω ἁλοὺς τῇ δίκῃ.
And let the one who does not obey simply be put to death if convicted in court.
χρημάτων εἰσφορᾶς πέρι τῷ κοινῷ, τετιμῆσθαι μὲν ἕκαστον τὴν οὐσίαν ἕνεκα πολλῶν χρεὼν καὶ τὴν ἐπέτειον ἐπικαρπίαν ἐν γράμμασιν ἀποφέρειν ἀγρονόμοις φυλέτας, ὅπως ἂν δυοῖν οὔσαιν ταῖν εἰσφοραῖν, ὁποτέρᾳ τὸ δημόσιον ἂν χρῆσθαι βούληται, χρῆται, κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον βουλευομένων, ἐάντε τοῦ τιμήματος ὅλου μέρει ἐάντε τῆς γενομένης ἐπʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἑκάστοτε προσόδου, χωρὶς τῶν εἰς τὰ συσσίτια τελουμένων.
Concerning the contribution of property to the community, it is necessary for many reasons that everyone has valued his estate and that the tribesmen return the annual produce in writing to the land-wardens, so that, there being two contributions, whichever of the two the public wishes to use, it may use, the assembly deliberating each year whether to use a part of the whole valuation or a part of the income that has accrued each year, apart from the taxes paid to the common meals.