§12.947ΑΘ. ζῶσι μὲν οὖν τούτοις τοῖς παρὰ πάσης τῆς πόλεως ἀριστείων ἠξιωμένοις προεδρίαι τʼ ἐν ταῖς πανηγύρεσι πάσαις ἔστωσαν, ἔτι δὲ τῶν εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας κοινῇ θυσιῶν καὶ θεωριῶν καὶ ὅσων ἂν ἑτέρων κοινωνῶσιν ἱερῶν, ἐκ τούτων τοὺς ἄρχοντας τῆς θεωρίας ἑκάστης ἐκπέμπειν, καὶ τούτους μόνους δάφνης στεφάνῳ τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει κεκοσμημένους εἶναι, καὶ ἱερέας μὲν πάντας τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνός τε καὶ Ἡλίου, ἀρχιέρεων δὲ ἕνα κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν τὸν πρῶτον κριθέντα τῶν γενομένων ἐκείνῳ τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ τῶν ἱερέων, καὶ τοὔνομα ἀναγράφειν τούτου κατʼ ἐνιαυτόν, ὅπως ἂν γίγνηται μέτρον ἀριθμοῦ τοῦ χρόνου, ἕως ἂν ἡ πόλις οἰκῆται.
ATH. While they live, then, for these men who have been deemed worthy of the highest honors by the entire city, let there be front seats at all public festivals; and further, of the common sacrifices and sacred embassies to the Greeks, and of whatever other sacred rites they share in, let the officers send the directors of each sacred embassy from among these men, and let these alone of those in the city be adorned with a crown of laurel. And let them all be priests of Apollo and the Sun, and let one be the high priest for each year, the one first selected from among the priests appointed for that year; and let his name be inscribed each year, so that it may become a measure of the number of time, as long as the city is inhabited.
τελευτήσασι δὲ προθέσεις καὶ ἐκφορὰς καὶ θήκας διαφόρους εἶναι τῶν ἄλλων πολιτῶν·
And when they die, let their lying-in-state, funeral processions, and tombs be different from those of the other citizens.
λευκὴν μὲν τὴν στολὴν ἔχειν πᾶσαν, θρήνων δὲ καὶ ὀδυρμῶν χωρὶς γίγνεσθαι, κορῶν δὲ χορὸν πεντεκαίδεκα καὶ ἀρρένων ἕτερον περιισταμένους τῇ κλίνῃ ἑκατέρους οἷον ὕμνον πεποιημένον ἔπαινον εἰς τοὺς ἱερέας ἐν μέρει ἑκατέρους ᾄδειν, εὐδαιμονίζοντας ᾠδῇ διὰ πάσης τῆς ἡμέρας·
Let them have all-white garments, and let the funeral be without dirges and lamentations. Let a chorus of fifteen girls, and another of boys, stand around the bier, and let each chorus sing in turn a praise composed like a hymn for the priests, blessing them with song throughout the entire day.
ἕωθεν δʼ εἰς τὴν θήκην φέρειν αὐτὴν μὲν τὴν κλίνην ἑκατὸν τῶν νέων τῶν ἐν τοῖς γυμνασίοις, οὓς ἂν οἱ προσήκοντες τοῦ τελευτήσαντος ἐπιόψωνται, πρώτους δὲ προϊέναι τοὺς ἠιθέους τὴν πολεμικὴν σκευὴν ἐνδεδυκότας ἑκάστους, σὺν τοῖς ἵπποισι μὲν ἱππέας, σὺν δὲ ὅπλοις ὁπλίτας, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ὡσαύτως, παῖδας δὲ περὶ αὐτὴν τὴν κλίνην ἔμπροσθεν τὸ πάτριον μέλος ἐφυμνεῖν, καὶ κόρας ἑπομένας ἐξόπισθεν ὅσαι τʼ ἂν γυναῖκες τῆς παιδοποιήσεως ἀπηλλαγμέναι τυγχάνωσιν, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἱερέας τε καὶ ἱερείας ὡς καθαρεύοντι τῷ τάφῳ ἕπεσθαι, ἐὰν ἄρα καὶ τῶν ἄλλων εἴργωνται τάφων, ἐὰν καὶ τὸ τῆς Πυθίας οὕτω τε καὶ ταύτῃ σύμψηφον ᾖ.
And at dawn, let a hundred of the young men from the gymnasia, whom the relatives of the deceased shall select, carry the bier itself to the tomb. And let the unmarried youths march first, each dressed in military attire—the cavalry with their horses, the hoplites with their weapons, and the others likewise; and let children sing the traditional melody in front around the bier itself, and let girls follow behind, and as many women as happen to be past child-bearing; and after these, let the priests and priestesses follow, since the grave is pure, even if they are barred from other graves, provided that the oracle of the Pythia also agrees in this and in this way.
θήκην δὲ ὑπὸ γῆς αὐτοῖς εἰργασμένην εἶναι ψαλίδα προμήκη λίθων ποτίμων καὶ ἀγήρων εἰς δύναμιν, ἔχουσαν κλίνας παρʼ ἀλλήλας λιθίνας κειμένας, οὗ δὴ τὸν μακάριον γεγονότα θέντες, κύκλῳ χώσαντες, πέριξ δένδρων ἄλσος περιφυτεύσουσι πλὴν κώλου ἑνός, ὅπως ἂν αὔξην ὁ τάφος ἔχῃ ταύτην τὴν εἰς τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον ἐπιδεῆ χώματος τοῖς τιθεμένοις·
And let there be built for them an underground tomb, a long vault of stone, as durable and imperishable as possible, having stone biers lying side by side; where having placed the one who has become blessed, and having heaped up the earth in a circle, they shall plant a grove of trees around it, except for one side, so that the tomb may have this growth for all time, without requiring soil for those who are laid there.
κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν δὲ ἀγῶνα μουσικῆς αὐτοῖς καὶ γυμνικὸν ἱππικόν τε θήσουσιν.
And each year they shall establish a musical, gymnastic, and equestrian contest for them.
§12.948ΑΘ. τὰ μὲν δὴ γέρα ταῦτα τοῖς τὰς εὐθύνας διαφυγοῦσιν·
ATH. These indeed are the privileges for those who have safely passed their audits.
ἂν δέ τις τούτων, πιστεύων τῷ κεκρίσθαι, τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν ἐπιδείξῃ κακὸς γενόμενος ὕστερον τῆς κρίσεως, γράφεσθαι μὲν τὸν βουλόμενον αὐτὸν ὁ νόμος προσταττέτω, ὁ δʼ ἀγὼν ἐν δικαστηρίῳ γιγνέσθω τοιῷδέ τινι τρόπῳ.
But if any of these men, trusting in having been judged, should show human nature by becoming wicked after the judgment, let the law command anyone who wishes to indict him, and let the contest in the court take place in some such manner as this.
πρῶτον μὲν νομοφύλακες ἔστωσαν τούτου τοῦ δικαστηρίου, ἔπειτα αὐτῶν τούτων οἱ ζῶντες, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τὸ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν δικαστήριον, γραφέσθω δὲ ὁ γραφόμενος, ὃν ἂν γράφηται, λέγουσαν τὴν γραφὴν ἀνάξιον εἶναι τὸν καὶ τὸν τῶν ἀριστείων καὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς·
First, let the guardians of the laws be members of this court, then those of these very men who are still living, and in addition to these, the court of the select judges; and let the prosecutor indict whoever he indicts, the indictment saying that so-and-so is unworthy of the honors and of his office.
καὶ ἐὰν μὲν ὁ φεύγων ἁλῷ, στερέσθω τῆς ἀρχῆς καὶ τοῦ τάφου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν δοθεισῶν αὐτῷ τιμῶν, ἐὰν δὲ ὁ διώκων μὴ μεταλάβῃ τὸ πέμπτον μέρος τῶν ψήφων, τινέτω ὁ μὲν τοῦ μεγίστου τιμήματος δώδεκα μνᾶς, ὀκτὼ δὲ ὁ τοῦ δευτέρου, τρίτου δὲ ἕξ, τετάρτου δὲ δύο.
And if the defendant is convicted, let him be deprived of his office, his tomb, and the other honors given to him; but if the prosecutor does not obtain a fifth part of the votes, let him pay twelve minae if he belongs to the highest class, eight if to the second, six if to the third, and two if to the fourth.
Ῥαδαμάνθυος δὲ περὶ τὴν λεγομένην κρίσιν τῶν δικῶν ἄξιον ἄγασθαι, διότι κατεῖδεν τοὺς τότε ἀνθρώπους ἡγουμένους ἐναργῶς εἶναι θεούς, εἰκότως, ἅτε κατὰ τὸν τότε χρόνον τῶν πολλῶν ἐκ θεῶν ὄντων, ὧν εἷς ἦν αὐτός, ὥς γε λόγος.
And as for the so-called judgment of suits by Rhadamanthys, it is worthy of admiration, because he perceived that the men of that time clearly believed that gods existed—and naturally so, since at that time most men were descended from gods, of whom he himself was one, as the story goes.
ἔοικεν δὴ δικαστῇ μὲν ἀνθρώπων οὐδενὶ διανοούμενος δεῖν ἐπιτρέπειν, θεοῖς δέ, ὅθεν ἁπλαῖ καὶ ταχεῖαι δίκαι ἐκρίνοντʼ αὐτῷ· διδοὺς γὰρ περὶ ἑκάστων τῶν ἀμφισβητουμένων ὅρκον τοῖς ἀμφισβητοῦσιν ἀπηλλάττετο ταχὺ καὶ ἀσφαλῶς.
He seems indeed to have thought that he should commit judgment to none of men, but to gods, from which simple and swift suits were decided for him; for by offering an oath to the disputants concerning each of the disputed matters, he got rid of them quickly and safely.
νῦν δὲ δὴ ὅτε μέρος τι μέν, φαμέν, ἀνθρώπων τὸ παράπαν οὐχ ἡγοῦνται θεούς, οἱ δὲ οὐ φροντίζειν ἡμῶν αὐτοὺς διανοοῦνται, τῶν δὲ δὴ πλείστων ἐστὶ καὶ κακίστων ἡ δόξα ὡς σμικρὰ δεχόμενοι θύματα καὶ θωπείας πολλὰ συναποστεροῦσι χρήματα καὶ μεγάλων σφᾶς ἐκλύονται κατὰ πολλὰ ζημιῶν, οὐκέτι δὴ τοῖς νῦν ἀνθρώποις ἡ Ῥαδαμάνθυος ἂν εἴη τέχνη πρέπουσα ἐν δίκαις.
But now indeed, when we say that a certain part of men do not believe in gods at all, while others think they do not care for us, and the opinion of the most and the worst is that by receiving small sacrifices and flatteries they help them rob much wealth and release them from great penalties in many ways, then indeed the art of Rhadamanthys would no longer be fitting for the men of today in lawsuits.
μεταβεβληκυιῶν οὖν τῶν περὶ θεοὺς δοξῶν ἐν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις μεταβάλλειν δεῖ καὶ τοὺς νόμους·
Therefore, since the opinions concerning the gods among men have changed, the laws must also change.
ἐν γὰρ λήξεσιν δικῶν τοὺς μετὰ νοῦ τιθεμένους νόμους ἐξαιρεῖν χρὴ τοὺς ὅρκους τῶν ἀντιδικούντων ἑκατέρων, καὶ τὸν λαγχάνοντά τῴ τινα δίκην τὰ μὲν ἐγκλήματα γράφειν, ὅρκον δὲ μὴ ἐπομνύναι, καὶ τὸν φεύγοντα κατὰ ταὐτὰ τὴν ἄρνησιν γράψαντα παραδοῦναι τοῖς ἄρχουσιν ἀνώμοτον.
For in the institution of lawsuits, those who lay down laws with intelligence must eliminate the oaths of both of the opposing parties; and let him who brings a lawsuit against someone write down the accusations, but not swear an oath, and let the defendant likewise write down his denial and hand it over to the officers unsworn.
δεινὸν γάρ που, δικῶν γʼ ἐν πόλει πολλῶν γενομένων, εὖ εἰδέναι σμικροῦ δεῖν τοὺς ἡμίσεις αὐτῶν ἐπιωρκηκότας, ἐν συσσιτίοις τε ἀλλήλοις εὐχερῶς συγγιγνομένους καὶ ἐν ἄλλαις συνουσίαις τε καὶ ἰδιωτικαῖς συγγενήσεσιν ἑκάστων.
For it is surely a terrible thing, when many lawsuits take place in a city, to know well that nearly half of them have committed perjury, while they easily associate with one another in common messes and in other assemblies and private relations of each.