§12.945ΑΘ. νῦν δʼ ὅτι τούτων ἐγγύτατα φιλοψυχίας ἕνεκα, ἵνα τὸν ἐπίλοιπον βίον μὴ κινδυνεύῃ, ζῇ δὲ ὡς πλεῖστον χρόνον ὢν κακὸς ὀνείδει συνεχόμενος, ἔστω νόμος ὅδε ἐπὶ τούτοις· Ἀνὴρ ὃς ἂν ὄφλῃ δίκην ὡς αἰσχρῶς ἀποβαλὼν ὅπλα πολεμικά, τούτῳ μήτʼ οὖν τις στρατηγὸς μήτʼ ἄλλος ποτὲ τῶν κατὰ πόλεμον ἀρχόντων ὡς ἀνδρὶ στρατιώτῃ χρήσηται μηδʼ εἰς τάξιν κατατάξῃ μηδʼ ἡντινοῦν·
ATH. But now, since something closest to this takes place for the sake of love of life, so that a man may not run risks for the remainder of his life, but may live as long as possible, being a coward and beset with reproach, let there be this law regarding these matters: "The man who is convicted in a trial of having shamefully lost his weapons of war, let no general or any other of the military officers ever employ him as a soldier, nor enroll him in any detachment whatsoever; otherwise, let the examiner call him to account, and if the one who assigned the coward belongs to the highest property class, let him fine him a thousand drachmas; if to the second, five minae; if to the third, three minae; if to the fourth, a mina.
εἰ δὲ μή, κατευθύνειν αὐτοῦ τὸν εὔθυνον, ἂν μὲν ᾖ τοῦ μεγίστου τιμήματος ὁ τάξας τὸν κακόν, χιλίας, ἂν δὲ τοῦ δευτέρου, πέντε μνᾶς, ἂν δὲ τοῦ τρίτου, τρεῖς μνᾶς, ἂν δὲ τοῦ τετάρτου, μνᾶν. ὁ δὲ ὀφλὼν τὴν δίκην πρὸς τῷ ἀφεῖσθαι τῶν ἀνδρείων κινδύνων κατὰ φύσιν τὴν αὑτοῦ προσαποτεισάτω μισθόν, χιλίας μέν, ἂν τοῦ μεγίστου τιμήματος ᾖ, πέντε δέ, τοῦ δευτέρου, τρεῖς δέ, ἂν τοῦ τρίτου, μνᾶν δὲ ὡσαύτως, καθάπερ οἱ πρόσθεν, τοῦ τετάρτου μέρους. εὐθύνων δὴ πέρι τίς ἡμῖν λόγος ἂν εἴη πρέπων ἀρχόντων γενομένων τῶν μὲν κατὰ τύχην κλήρου καὶ ἐπʼ ἐνιαυτόν, τῶν δʼ εἰς πλείονα ἔτη καὶ ἐκ προκρίτων;
And let the man who was convicted, in addition to being exempted from manly dangers in accordance with his own nature, pay an extra fine: a thousand drachmas if he belongs to the highest class; five if to the second; three if to the third; and likewise, just as the former ones, a mina if he belongs to the fourth class." What discourse, then, would be fitting for us concerning the examiners of officers, seeing that some officers are appointed by the fortune of the lot and for a year, while others are for more years and from pre-selected candidates?
τῶν δὴ τοιούτων εὐθυντὴς τίς ἱκανός, ἄν τίς τί εἴπῃ σκολιὸν αὐτῶν ἢ καμφθεὶς ὑπὸ βάρους μὲν τὴν ἀρχὴν πράξῃ, τῆς δʼ αὑτοῦ δυνάμεως ἐνδείᾳ πρὸς τὴν τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀξίαν;
Of such persons, who would be an adequate examiner, if any of them should act crookedly, or, bent under the weight, should conduct his office with a deficiency of his own power relative to the dignity of the office?
ῥᾴδιον μὲν οὐδαμῶς εὑρεῖν τῶν ἀρχόντων ἄρχοντα ὑπερβάλλοντα πρὸς ἀρετήν, ὅμως δὲ πειρατέον εὐθυντάς τινας ἀνευρίσκειν θείους. ἔχει γὰρ οὖν οὕτω.
It is by no means easy to find an officer who surpasses the other officers in virtue, yet we must try to discover some divine examiners.
πολλοὶ καιροὶ πολιτείας λύσεώς εἰσιν, καθάπερ νεὼς ἢ ζῴου τινός, οὓς ἐντόνους τε καὶ ὑποζώματα καὶ νεύρων ἐπιτόνους, μίαν οὖσαν φύσιν διεσπαρμένην, πολλαχοῦ πολλοῖς ὀνόμασιν προσαγορεύομεν· εἷς δὲ οὗτος οὐ σμικρότατος καιρὸς τοῦ σῴζεσθαί τε καὶ διαλυθεῖσαν οἴχεσθαι πολιτείαν.
For the matter stands thus: there are many points of dissolution of a constitution, just as there are of a ship or of some animal, which we address in many places by many names, such as stays, undergirders, and tension-bands of sinews—being a single nature dispersed; and this one is no small point of a constitution being saved or being dissolved and passing away.
ἂν μὲν γὰρ οἱ τοὺς ἄρχοντας ἐξευθύνοντες βελτίους ὦσιν ἐκείνων, καὶ τοῦτʼ ἐν δίκῃ ἀμέμπτῳ τε καὶ ἀμέμπτως, ἡ πᾶσα οὕτω θάλλει τε καὶ εὐδαιμονεῖ χώρα καὶ πόλις· ἐὰν δʼ ἄλλως τὰ περὶ τὰς εὐθύνας τῶν ἀρχόντων γίγνηται, τότε λυθείσης τῆς τὰ πάντα πολιτεύματα συνεχούσης εἰς ἓν δίκης, ταύτῃ πᾶσα ἀρχὴ διεσπάσθη χωρὶς ἑτέρα ἀπʼ ἄλλης, καὶ οὐκ εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ ἔτι νεύουσαι, πολλὰς ἐκ μιᾶς τὴν πόλιν ποιοῦσαι, στάσεων ἐμπλήσασαι ταχὺ διώλεσαν.
For if those who examine the officers are better than they, and this is done with blameless justice and in a blameless manner, the whole land and city thus flourish and are happy; but if the matters concerning the audits of the officers happen otherwise, then, the justice which holds all constitutions together into one having been dissolved, every office is thereby torn asunder, one apart from another, and no longer inclining to the same point, they make the single city into many, and having filled it with factions, they quickly destroy it.
διὸ δὴ δεῖ πάντως τοὺς εὐθύνους θαυμαστοὺς πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν εἶναι.
Wherefore indeed the examiners must by all means be wondrous in every virtue.
§12.946ΑΘ. τεκταινώμεθα δή τινα τρόπον αὐτῶν τοιάνδε γένεσιν.
ATH. Let us then fashion their origin in some such manner as this.
κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον μετὰ τροπὰς ἡλίου τὰς ἐκ θέρους εἰς χειμῶνα συνιέναι χρεὼν πᾶσαν τὴν πόλιν εἰς Ἡλίου κοινὸν καὶ Ἀπόλλωνος τέμενος, τῷ θεῷ ἀποφανουμένους ἄνδρας αὑτῶν τρεῖς, ὃν ἂν ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ἡγῆται πάντῃ ἄριστον εἶναι, πλὴν αὑτοῦ, μὴ ἔλαττον πεντήκοντα γεγονότα ἐτῶν.
Each year, after the turnings of the sun from summer to winter, the entire city must assemble at the common sanctuary of the Sun and Apollo, to present to the god three men of their own, whom each of them deems to be in every way the best, except for himself, being not less than fifty years of age.
τῶν δὲ προκριθέντων οὓς ἂν πλεῖστοι ἐνέγκωσι, τούτους ἐκλέξαι μέχρι τῶν ἡμίσεων, ἐὰν ἄρτιοι γίγνωνται, περιττοὶ δὲ ἐὰν ὦσιν, ἕνα ἀφελεῖν, ᾧ ἂν ἐλάχισται γένωνται, καταλιπεῖν δὲ τοὺς ἡμίσεις αὐτῶν πλήθει τῶν ψήφων ἀποκρίναντας, ἐὰν δέ τισιν ἴσαι γίγνωνται καὶ τὸν ἥμισυν ἀριθμὸν πλείω ποιῶσιν, ἀφελεῖν τὸ πλέον ἀποκρίναντας νεότητι, τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους ἐγκρίναντας φέρειν αὖθις, μέχριπερ ἂν τρεῖς λειφθῶσιν ἄνισοι·
And of those pre-selected, they are to select those whom the most votes support, up to half of them, if they are even; but if they are odd, they shall remove one, the one who has the fewest votes, leaving the half of them selected by the multitude of votes. And if some have equal votes and make the half-number larger, they shall remove the excess, selecting them by youth, and admitting the others, they shall vote again, until three are left who are unequal.
ἐὰν δὲ ἢ πᾶσιν ἢ τοῖν δυοῖν ἴσαι γίγνωνται, τῇ ἀγαθῇ μοίρᾳ καὶ τύχῃ ἐπιτρέψαντας, κλήρῳ διελόντας τὸν νικῶντα καὶ δεύτερον καὶ τρίτον στεφανῶσαι θαλλῷ, καὶ τὰ ἀριστεῖα ἀποδόντας πᾶσιν ἀνειπεῖν ὅτι Μαγνήτων ἡ κατὰ θεὸν πάλιν τυχοῦσα σωτηρίας πόλις, ἀποφήνασα αὑτῆς Ἡλίῳ ἄνδρας τοὺς ἀρίστους τρεῖς, ἀκροθίνιον Ἀπόλλωνι κατὰ τὸν παλαιὸν νόμον ἀνατίθησι κοινὸν καὶ Ἡλίῳ, ὅσονπερ ἂν ἕπωνται χρόνον τῇ κρίσει.
And if they are equal, either all three or two of them, they shall commit it to good fortune and chance, and dividing them by lot, they shall crown the winner, the second, and the third with wild olive; and having rendered these awards of merit to all, they shall proclaim that the city of the Magnesians, having again obtained salvation by the favor of God, having presented to the Sun its three best men, dedicates them as a common first-fruit to Apollo and the Sun, according to the ancient law, for as long a time as they follow the judgment.
τούτους δὲ πρώτῳ μὲν ἐνιαυτῷ δώδεκα εὐθύνους ἀποδεῖξαι, μέχριπερ ἂν ἑκάστῳ πέντε καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη συμβῇ γενόμενα, τὸ λοιπὸν δὲ τρεῖς ἀεὶ προσγιγνέσθων κατʼ ἐνιαυτόν· οὗτοι δὲ τὰς ἀρχὰς πάσας δώδεκα μέρη διελόμενοι πάσαις βασάνοις χρώμενοι ἐλευθέραις ἐλεγχόντων.
And these men, in the first year, are to appoint twelve examiners, until it happens that each of them has reached seventy-five years of age, and for the future three are always to be added each year; and these, dividing all the offices into twelve parts, shall examine them, employing all tests worthy of free men.
οἰκούντων δέ, ὅσον ἂν εὐθύνωσιν χρόνον, ἐν τῷ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνός τε καὶ Ἡλίου τεμένει, ἐν ᾧπερ ἐκρίθησαν· καὶ τὰ μὲν ἰδίᾳ ἕκαστος, τὰ δὲ καὶ κοινῇ μετʼ ἀλλήλων κρίναντες τοὺς ἄρξαντας τῇ πόλει, ἀποφηνάντων, εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν γράμματα καταθέντες, περὶ ἑκάστης ἀρχῆς ὅτι χρὴ παθεῖν ἢ ἀποτίνειν κατὰ τὴν τῶν εὐθύνων γνώμην.
And let them dwell, for as long a time as they examine, in the sanctuary of Apollo and the Sun, in which they were chosen; and having judged those who ruled the city, partly each one individually and partly also in common with one another, let them declare, depositing documents in the marketplace, concerning each office what it must suffer or pay according to the opinion of the examiners.
ἥτις δʼ ἂν τῶν ἀρχῶν μὴ ὁμολογῇ κεκρίσθαι δικαίως, εἰς τοὺς ἐκλεκτοὺς δικαστὰς εἰσαγέτω τοὺς εὐθύνους, καὶ ἐὰν μὲν ἀποφύγῃ τις τὰς εὐθύνας, αὐτῶν τῶν εὐθύνων κατηγορείτω, ἐὰν ἐθέλῃ· ἐὰν δὲ ἁλῷ, ἐὰν μὲν ᾖ τῳ θανάτου τετιμημένον ὑπὸ τῶν εὐθύνων, ὥσπερ ἀνάγκη, ἁπλῶς θνῃσκέτω, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων τιμημάτων ὧν ἂν δυνατὸν ᾖ διπλῆν τεῖσαι, διπλασίαν τινέτω.
And whichever of the offices does not agree that it has been judged justly, let it bring the examiners before the select judges, and if anyone is acquitted of the audits, let him accuse the examiners themselves, if he wishes; but if he is convicted, if he has been assessed with death by the examiners, let him simply die, as is necessary; and of the other assessments which can be paid double, let him pay double.
τὰς δʼ εὐθύνας αὐτῶν τούτων ἀκούειν χρὴ τίνες ἔσονται καὶ τίνα τρόπον.
And as for the audits of these examiners themselves, we must hear who they will be and in what manner.