§11.933ΑΘ. ἣν μὲν γὰρ τὰ νῦν διαρρήδην εἴπομεν, σώμασι σώματα κακουργοῦσά ἐστιν κατὰ φύσιν· ἄλλη δὲ ἣ μαγγανείαις τέ τισιν καὶ ἐπῳδαῖς καὶ καταδέσεσι λεγομέναις πείθει τοὺς μὲν τολμῶντας βλάπτειν αὐτούς, ὡς δύνανται τὸ τοιοῦτον, τοὺς δʼ ὡς παντὸς μᾶλλον ὑπὸ τούτων δυναμένων γοητεύειν βλάπτονται.
ATH. For the one kind of poisoning which we have just explicitly mentioned is that which harms bodies with bodies in accordance with nature; but the other, which by means of certain sorceries and incantations and so-called spells, convinces those who dare to do harm that they are able to do such a thing, and convinces others that they are being harmed above all by these people who are able to perform sorcery.
ταῦτʼ οὖν καὶ περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα σύμπαντα οὔτε ῥᾴδιον ὅπως ποτὲ πέφυκεν γιγνώσκειν, οὔτʼ εἴ τις γνοίη, πείθειν εὐπετὲς ἑτέρους·
It is neither easy to know how these things and all such matters are by nature, nor, if one should know, is it easy to convince others.
ταῖς δὲ ψυχαῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων δυσωπουμένους πρὸς ἀλλήλους περὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα οὐκ ἄξιον ἐπιχειρεῖν πείθειν, ἄν ποτε ἄρα ἴδωσί που κήρινα μιμήματα πεπλασμένα, εἴτʼ ἐπὶ θύραις εἴτʼ ἐπὶ τριόδοις εἴτʼ ἐπὶ μνήμασι γονέων αὐτῶν τινες, ὀλιγωρεῖν πάντων τῶν τοιούτων διακελεύεσθαι μὴ σαφὲς ἔχουσι δόγμα περὶ αὐτῶν.
And when the souls of men are mutually suspicious of one another concerning such things, it is not worthwhile to attempt to convince them, if they should ever see somewhere waxen images molded, whether at doors or at three-way crossroads or on the graves of their parents, to exhort them to disregard all such things when they do not have a clear opinion about them.
διαλαβόντας δὲ διχῇ τὸν τῆς φαρμακείας πέρι νόμον, ὁποτέρως ἄν τις ἐπιχειρῇ φαρμάττειν, πρῶτον μὲν δεῖσθαι καὶ παραινεῖν καὶ συμβουλεύειν μὴ δεῖν ἐπιχειρεῖν τοιοῦτο δρᾶν μηδὲ καθάπερ παῖδας τοὺς πολλοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων δειμαίνοντας φοβεῖν, μηδʼ αὖ τὸν νομοθέτην τε καὶ τὸν δικαστὴν ἀναγκάζειν ἐξιᾶσθαι τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοὺς τοιούτους φόβους, ὡς πρῶτον μὲν τὸν ἐπιχειροῦντα φαρμάττειν οὐκ εἰδότα τί δρᾷ, τά τε κατὰ σώματα, ἐὰν μὴ τυγχάνῃ ἐπιστήμων ὢν ἰατρικῆς, τά τε αὖ περὶ τὰ μαγγανεύματα, ἐὰν μὴ μάντις ἢ τερατοσκόπος ὢν τυγχάνῃ.
But dividing the law concerning poisoning into two, in whichever way one attempts to poison, first of all we must request and exhort and advise that they ought not to attempt to do such a thing, nor to frighten the majority of mankind like children by being terrified, nor again to force the legislator and the judge to heal such fears of men, on the ground that, first, the one attempting to poison does not know what he does, both in bodily matters, if he does not happen to be skilled in medicine, and in turn concerning sorceries, if he does not happen to be a prophet or an interpreter of portents.
λεγέσθω δὴ λόγος ὅδε νόμος περὶ φαρμακείας· ὃς ἂν φαρμακεύῃ τινὰ ἐπὶ βλάβῃ μὴ θανασίμῳ μήτε αὐτοῦ μήτε ἀνθρώπων ἐκείνου, βοσκημάτων δὲ ἢ σμηνῶν εἴτʼ ἄλλῃ βλάβῃ εἴτʼ οὖν θανασίμῳ, ἐὰν μὲν ἰατρὸς ὢν τυγχάνῃ καὶ ὄφλῃ δίκην φαρμάκων, θανάτῳ ζημιούσθω, ἐὰν δὲ ἰδιώτης, ὅτι χρὴ παθεῖν ἢ ἀποτεῖσαι, τιμάτω περὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ δικαστήριον.
Let this spoken law indeed be laid down concerning poisoning: whoever poisons anyone to do non-fatal harm either to himself or to his people, or to beasts or hives, whether indeed to do fatal or other harm, if he happens to be a physician and is convicted in a suit for poisoning, let him be punished with death, but if he is a private individual, let the court assess what he must suffer or pay on his account.
ἐὰν δὲ καταδέσεσιν ἢ ἐπαγωγαῖς ἤ τισιν ἐπῳδαῖς ἢ τῶν τοιούτων φαρμακειῶν ὡντινωνοῦν δόξῃ ὅμοιος εἶναι βλάπτοντι, ἐὰν μὲν μάντις ὢν ἢ τερατοσκόπος, τεθνάτω, ἐὰν δʼ ἄνευ μαντικῆς ὢν τῆς φαρμακείας ὄφλῃ, ταὐτὸν καὶ τούτῳ γιγνέσθω· περὶ γὰρ αὖ καὶ τούτου τιμάτω τὸ δικαστήριον ὅτι ἂν αὐτοῖς δεῖν αὐτὸν δόξῃ πάσχειν ἢ ἀποτίνειν.
But if by spells or bindings or any incantations or any of such poisonings whatsoever, he should seem to be like one doing harm, if he is a prophet or an interpreter of portents, let him die, but if, being without prophetic art, he is convicted of poisoning, let the same happen to him also; for indeed concerning him too let the court assess whatever punishment they think he ought to suffer or pay.
§11.934ΑΘ. ὅσα τις ἂν ἕτερος ἄλλον πημήνῃ κλέπτων ἢ βιαζόμενος, ἂν μὲν μείζω, μείζονα τὴν ἔκτισιν τῷ πημανθέντι τινέτω, ἐλάττω δὲ ζημιώσας σμικροτέραν, παρὰ πάντα δὲ τοσαύτην ἡλίκα ἂν ἑκάστοτε ζημιώσῃ τίς τινα, μέχριπερ ἂν ἰάσηται τὸ βλαβέν· δίκην δὲ ἕκαστος πρὸς ἑκάστῳ τῷ κακουργήματι σωφρονιστύος ἕνεκα συνεπομένην προσεκτεισάτω, ὁ μὲν ἀνοίᾳ κακουργήσας ἀλλοτρίᾳ, πειθοῖ διὰ νεότητα ἤ τι τοιοῦτον χρησάμενος, ἐλαφροτέραν, ὁ δὲ διὰ οἰκείαν ἄνοιαν ἢ διʼ ἀκράτειαν ἡδονῶν ἢ λυπῶν, ἐν φόβοις δειλίας ἤ τισιν ἐπιθυμίαις ἢ φθόνοις ἢ θυμοῖς δυσιάτοις γιγνόμενος, βαρυτέραν, οὐχ ἕνεκα τοῦ κακουργῆσαι διδοὺς τὴν δίκην—οὐ γὰρ τὸ γεγονὸς ἀγένητον ἔσται ποτέ—τοῦ δʼ εἰς τὸν αὖθις ἕνεκα χρόνον ἢ τὸ παράπαν μισῆσαι τὴν ἀδικίαν αὐτόν τε καὶ τοὺς ἰδόντας αὐτὸν δικαιούμενον, ἢ λωφῆσαι μέρη πολλὰ τῆς τοιαύτης συμφορᾶς.
ATH. In as many ways as anyone harms another by stealing or by force, if indeed the harm is greater, let him pay a greater recompense to the one harmed, and if less, a smaller recompense, and in all cases as much as anyone harms another each time, until indeed the damaged thing is healed; and let each person, for each wrongdoing, pay in addition a accompanying penalty for the sake of reform, the one having done wrong through another's folly, having made use of persuasion because of youth or some such thing, a lighter one, but the one because of his own folly or because of lack of control of pleasures or pains, becoming hard to cure in fears of cowardice or certain desires or envies or angers, a heavier one, paying the penalty not for the sake of having done wrong—for what has been done will never be undone—but for the sake of the future time, so that both he himself and those who have seen him being punished may either altogether hate injustice or be relieved of a large part of such calamity.
ὧν δὴ πάντων ἕνεκα χρὴ καὶ πρὸς πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα βλέποντας τοὺς νόμους τοξότου μὴ κακοῦ στοχάζεσθαι δίκην τοῦ τε μεγέθους τῆς κολάσεως ἑκάστων ἕνεκα καὶ παντελῶς τῆς ἀξίας· ταὐτὸν δʼ ἔργον δρῶντα συνυπηρετεῖν δεῖ τῷ νομοθέτῃ τὸν δικαστήν, ὅταν αὐτῷ τις νόμος ἐπιτρέπῃ τιμᾶν ὅτι χρὴ πάσχειν τὸν κρινόμενον ἢ ἀποτίνειν, τὸν δέ, καθάπερ ζωγράφον, ὑπογράφειν ἔργα ἑπόμενα τῇ γραφῇ.
For the sake of all indeed of these things, and looking toward all such matters, the laws must aim like a not unskilled archer at the magnitude of the punishment of each and entirely at what is deserved; and the judge must cooperate with the legislator, performing the same task, whenever a law permits him to assess what the one on trial must suffer or pay, and the legislator must, like a painter, sketch the outlines following the drawing.
ὃ δὴ καὶ νῦν, ὦ Μέγιλλε καὶ Κλεινία, ποιητέον ἡμῖν ὅτι κάλλιστα καὶ ἄριστα· τῶν κλοπαίων τε καὶ βιαίων πάντων τὰς ζημίας λεγομένας οἵας δεῖ γίγνεσθαι, λεκτέον, ὅπως ἂν ἡμῖν παρείκωσιν θεοὶ καὶ θεῶν παῖδες νομοθετεῖν.
Which indeed also now, Megillus and Cleinias, we must do as beautifully and best as possible; and the penalties for all thefts and acts of violence, being called such as they ought to be, must be spoken, as far as the gods and the children of the gods permit us to legislate.
μαινόμενος δὲ ἄν τις ᾖ, μὴ φανερὸς ἔστω κατὰ πόλιν· οἱ προσήκοντες δʼ ἑκάστων κατὰ τὰς οἰκίας φυλαττόντων αὐτούς, ὅτῳ ἂν ἐπίστωνται τρόπῳ, ἢ ζημίαν ἐκτινόντων, ὁ μὲν τοῦ μεγίστου τιμήματος ἑκατὸν δραχμάς, ἐάντʼ οὖν δοῦλον ἐάντʼ οὖν καὶ ἐλεύθερον περιορᾷ, δευτέρου δὲ τιμήματος τέτταρα μέρη τῆς μνᾶς τῶν πέντε, τρία δʼ ὁ τρίτος, καὶ δύο ὁ τέταρτος.
If anyone is insane, let him not be seen in public in the city; and let the relatives of each guard them in their houses in whatever way they know, or let them pay a fine, the one of the highest property class paying a hundred drachmas, whether indeed he overlooks a slave or a free person, the one of the second class four parts of the mina of five, and the third three, and the fourth two.
μαίνονται μὲν οὖν πολλοὶ πολλοὺς τρόπους· οὓς μὲν νῦν εἴπομεν, ὑπὸ νόσων, εἰσὶν δὲ οἳ διὰ θυμοῦ κακὴν φύσιν ἅμα καὶ τροφὴν γενομένην, οἳ δὴ σμικρᾶς ἔχθρας γενομένης, πολλὴν φωνὴν ἱέντες κακῶς ἀλλήλους βλασφημοῦντες λέγουσιν, οὐ πρέπον ἐν εὐνόμων πόλει γίγνεσθαι τοιοῦτον οὐδὲν οὐδαμῇ οὐδαμῶς.
Many indeed are insane in many ways; those whom we have just mentioned are so because of diseases, but there are those who because of anger have a bad nature combined with bad rearing, who indeed when a slight enmity arises, uttering a loud voice, speak, evil-speakingly slandering one another, which is in no way and in no place fitting to happen in a well-ordered city.
εἷς δὴ περὶ κακηγορίας ἔστω νόμος περὶ πάντας ὅδε· Μηδένα κακηγορείτω μηδείς.
Let there be indeed this one law concerning slander for all: Let no one slander anyone.
ὁ δὲ ἀμφισβητῶν ἔν τισι λόγοις ἄλλος ἄλλῳ διδασκέτω καὶ μανθανέτω τόν τε ἀμφισβητοῦντα καὶ τοὺς παρόντας ἀπεχόμενος πάντως τοῦ κακηγορεῖν.
And let the one disputing in any arguments teach and learn from the one disputing and those present, abstaining altogether from slandering.