§11.931ΑΘ. νόμοι περὶ θεοὺς ἀρχαῖοι κεῖνται πᾶσιν διχῇ.
ATH. Ancient laws concerning the gods are laid down for all in two ways.
τοὺς μὲν γὰρ τῶν θεῶν ὁρῶντες σαφῶς τιμῶμεν, τῶν δʼ εἰκόνας ἀγάλματα ἱδρυσάμενοι, οὓς ἡμῖν ἀγάλλουσι καίπερ ἀψύχους ὄντας, ἐκείνους ἡγούμεθα τοὺς ἐμψύχους θεοὺς πολλὴν διὰ ταῦτʼ εὔνοιαν καὶ χάριν ἔχειν.
For some of the gods we honor, seeing them clearly, but for others, having set up images as statues, whom, although they are inanimate, we glorify for ourselves, we think that those living gods possess much goodwill and gratitude toward us because of this.
πατὴρ οὖν ὅτῳ καὶ μήτηρ ἢ τούτων πατέρες ἢ μητέρες ἐν οἰκίᾳ κεῖνται κειμήλιοι ἀπειρηκότες γήρᾳ, μηδεὶς διανοηθήτω ποτὲ ἄγαλμα αὑτῷ, τοιοῦτον ἐφέστιον ἵδρυμα ἐν οἰκίᾳ ἔχων, μᾶλλον κύριον ἔσεσθαι, ἐὰν δὴ κατὰ τρόπον γε ὀρθῶς αὐτὸ θεραπεύῃ ὁ κεκτημένος.
Therefore, let no one who has a father or a mother, or fathers or mothers of these, lying in his house as treasures worn out by old age, ever think that any statue will be more authoritative for him, even if indeed the possessor serves it in an entirely correct manner, while having such a domestic shrine in his house.
ΚΛ. τίνα δὴ τὴν ὀρθότητα εἶναι φράζεις;
CL. What indeed do you say this correctness is?
ΑΘ. ἐγὼ ἐρῶ· καὶ γὰρ οὖν ἄξιον, ὦ φίλοι, ἀκούειν τά γε δὴ τοιαῦτα.
ATH. I will tell you; for indeed it is worthwhile, my friends, to hear such things.
ΚΛ. λέγε μόνον.
CL. Only speak.
ΑΘ. Οἰδίπους, φαμέν, ἀτιμασθεὶς ἐπηύξατο τοῖς αὑτοῦ τέκνοις ἃ δὴ καὶ πᾶς ὑμνεῖ τέλεα καὶ ἐπήκοα γενέσθαι παρὰ θεῶν, Ἀμύντορά τε Φοίνικι τῷ ἑαυτοῦ ἐπαρᾶσθαι παιδὶ θυμωθέντα καὶ Ἱππολύτῳ Θησέα καὶ ἑτέρους ἄλλοις μυρίους μυρίοις, ὧν γέγονε σαφὲς ἐπηκόους εἶναι γονεῦσι πρὸς τέκνα θεούς· ἀραῖος γὰρ γονεὺς ἐκγόνοις ὡς οὐδεὶς ἕτερος ἄλλοις, δικαιότατα.
ATH. Oedipus, we say, when dishonored, prayed against his own children, which things indeed everyone sings became fulfilled and heard by the gods; and Amyntor in anger prayed against his own son Phoenix, and Theseus against Hippolytus, and countless others against countless others, from whom it has become clear that the gods hear parents against their children; for a parent is a source of curses to offspring as no other is to others, most justly.
μὴ δή τις ἀτιμαζομένῳ μὲν διαφερόντως πατρὶ πρὸς παίδων καὶ μητρὶ θεὸν ἐπήκοον ἐν εὐχαῖς ἡγείσθω γίγνεσθαι κατὰ φύσιν, τιμωμένῳ δὲ ἄρα καὶ περιχαρεῖ σφόδρα γενομένῳ, καὶ διὰ τὰ τοιαῦτα εὐχαῖς λιπαρῶς εἰς ἀγαθὰ τοῖς παισὶ παρακαλοῦντος θεούς, οὐκ ἄρα τὰ τοιαῦτα ἀκούειν ἐξ ἴσου καὶ νέμειν ἡμῖν αὐτοὺς ἡγησόμεθα; ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἄν ποτε δίκαιοι νομῆς εἶεν ἀγαθῶν, ὃ δή φαμεν ἥκιστα θεοῖς εἶναι πρέπον.
Let no one indeed think that while the god becomes a hearer in prayers to a father or mother who is exceptionally dishonored by children, in accordance with nature, yet when the parent is honored and becomes exceedingly glad, and because of such things earnestly calls upon the gods in prayers for good things for his children, the gods do not likewise hear such things and distribute them to us; otherwise they would never be just distributors of good things, which indeed we say is least fitting for the gods.
ΚΛ. πολύ γε.
CL. Very much so.
ΑΘ. οὐκοῦν διανοηθῶμεν, ὃ σμικρῷ πρότερον εἴπομεν, ὡς οὐδὲν πρὸς θεῶν τιμιώτερον ἄγαλμʼ ἂν κτησαίμεθα πατρὸς καὶ προπάτορος παρειμένων γήρᾳ καὶ μητέρων τὴν αὐτὴν δύναμιν ἐχουσῶν, οὓς ὅταν ἀγάλλῃ τις τιμαῖς, γέγηθεν ὁ θεός· οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἐπήκοος ἦν αὐτῶν.
ATH. Therefore let us keep in mind what we said a little earlier, that we could possess no statue more honorable in the eyes of the gods than a father and grandfather worn out by old age, and mothers possessing the same power, whom when anyone glorifies with honors, the god rejoices; for otherwise he would not have been a hearer of them.
θαυμαστὸν γὰρ δήπου τὸ προγόνων ἵδρυμα ἡμῖν ἐστιν, διαφερόντως τῶν ἀψύχων· τὰ μὲν γὰρ θεραπευόμενα ὑφʼ ἡμῶν, ὅσα ἔμψυχα, συνεύχεται ἑκάστοτε, καὶ ἀτιμαζόμενα τἀναντία, τὰ δʼ οὐδέτερα, ὥστε ἂν ὀρθῶς τις χρῆται πατρὶ καὶ προπάτορι καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς τοιούτοις, πάντων πρὸς θεοφιλῆ μοῖραν κυριώτατα ἀγαλμάτων ἂν κεκτῇτο.
For indeed, wonderful is the shrine of ancestors to us, exceptionally compared to inanimate ones; for those that are served by us, as many as are living, pray with us each time, and when dishonored pray the opposite, but the others do neither; so that if anyone correctly treats a father and grandfather and all such, he would possess the most authoritative of all statues for a god-beloved portion.
ΚΛ. κάλλιστʼ εἶπες.
CL. You have spoken most beautifully.
§11.932ΑΘ. πᾶς δὴ νοῦν ἔχων φοβεῖται καὶ τιμᾷ γονέων εὐχάς, εἰδὼς πολλοῖς καὶ πολλάκις ἐπιτελεῖς γενομένας· τούτων οὖν οὕτω φύσει διατεταγμένων, τοῖς μὲν ἀγαθοῖς ἕρμαιον πρόγονοι γηραιοί, ζῶντες μέχρι τῶν ἐσχάτων τοῦ βίου, καὶ ἀπιόντες νέοι σφόδρα ποθεινοί, τοῖς δὲ κακοῖς εὖ μάλα φοβεροί. πᾶς δὴ τιμάτω πάσαις τιμαῖς ταῖς ἐννόμοις τοὺς αὑτοῦ γεννήτορας τοῖς νῦν πεισθεὶς λόγοις·
ATH. Every man possessing mind indeed fears and honors the prayers of parents, knowing that they have become fulfilled for many and many times; since these things are thus arranged by nature, to the good, elderly ancestors are a godsend, living to the very end of life, and when departing, they are exceedingly longed for by the young, but to the bad, they are very fearful indeed.
εἰ δʼ οὖν τινα κατέχοι φήμη κωφὴ τῶν τοιούτων προοιμίων, νόμος ὅδε ἐπὶ τούτοις ὀρθῶς κείμενος ἂν εἴη· ἐάν τις ἐν τῇδε τῇ πόλει γονέων ἀμελέστερον ἔχῃ τοῦ δέοντος, καὶ μὴ τῶν ὑέων καὶ πάντων τῶν ἐκγόνων αὑτοῦ καὶ ἑαυτοῦ μειζόνως εἰς ἅπαντα ἐπιτρέπων καὶ ἀποπληρῶν ᾖ τὰς βουλήσεις, ἐξαγγελλέτω μὲν ὁ πάσχων τι τοιοῦτον, εἴτε αὐτὸς εἴτε τινὰ πέμπων, πρὸς τρεῖς μὲν τῶν νομοφυλάκων τοὺς πρεσβυτάτους, τρεῖς δʼ αὖ τῶν περὶ γάμους γυναικῶν ἐπιμελουμένων· οἱ δʼ ἐπιμελείσθωσαν, κολάζοντες τοὺς ἀδικοῦντας νέους μὲν ὄντας ἔτι πληγαῖς καὶ δεσμοῖς, μέχριπερ ἂν ἐτῶν ἄνδρες μὲν τυγχάνωσιν ὄντες τριάκοντα, γυναῖκες δὲ δέκα πλείοσιν ἔτεσιν κολαζέσθωσαν ταῖς αὐταῖς κολάσεσιν.
Let everyone indeed honor his own parents with all lawful honors, being persuaded by the present words; but if indeed a dull rumor of such preludes should possess anyone, let this law rightly laid down be upon them: if anyone in this city is more negligent of his parents than is proper, and does not, more than for his sons and all his offspring and himself, commit to them and fulfill their wishes in all things, let the one suffering any such thing, either himself or by sending someone, report it to three of the oldest of the lawguards, and three in turn of the women in charge of marriages; and let them take care, punishing the wrongdoers with blows and bonds if they are still young, until the men happen to be thirty years old, and let women be punished with the same punishments for ten more years.
ἐὰν δὲ πορρωτέρω τούτων τῶν ἐτῶν ὄντες τῶν αὐτῶν ἀμελειῶν περὶ γονέας μὴ ἀφιστῶνται, κακῶσι δέ τινάς τινες, εἰς δικαστήριον εἰσαγόντων αὐτοὺς εἰς ἕνα καὶ ἑκατὸν τῶν πολιτῶν, οἵτινες ἂν ὦσι πρεσβύτατοι ἁπάντων· ἂν δέ τις ὄφλῃ, τιμάτω τὸ δικαστήριον ὅτι χρὴ τίνειν ἢ πάσχειν, ἀπόρρητον μηδὲν ποιούμενοι ὅσων δυνατὸς ἄνθρωπος πάσχειν ἢ τίνειν.
But if, being further than these years, they do not desist from the same negligences concerning parents, and some abuse others, let them bring them to a court of one hundred and one of the citizens, whoever are the oldest of all; and if anyone is convicted, let the court assess what he must pay or suffer, making nothing forbidden of as many things as a human is able to suffer or pay.
ἐὰν δέ τις ἀδυνατῇ κακούμενος φράζειν, ὁ πυθόμενος τῶν ἐλευθέρων ἐξαγγελλέτω τοῖς ἄρχουσιν ἢ κακὸς ἔστω καὶ ὑπόδικος τῷ ἐθέλοντι βλάβης.
And if anyone is unable to speak when being abused, let any of the free men who finds out report it to the magistrates, or let him be base and liable to a suit for damage by anyone who wishes.
ἐὰν δὲ δοῦλος μηνύσῃ, ἐλεύθερος ἔστω, καὶ ἐὰν μὲν τῶν κακούντων ἢ κακουμένων δοῦλος, ὑπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀφείσθω, ἐὰν δέ τινος ἄλλου τῶν πολιτῶν, τὸ δημόσιον ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ τιμὴν τῷ κεκτημένῳ καταβαλλέτω· τοῖς ἄρχουσιν δὲ ἐπιμελὲς ἔστω μή τις ἀδικῇ τὸν τοιοῦτον τιμωρούμενος τῆς μηνύσεως ἕνεκα.
And if a slave gives information, let him be free, and if he is a slave of the abusers or the abused, let him be released by the authority, but if of any other of the citizens, let the public treasury pay the price to the possessor on his behalf; and let it be a care to the magistrates lest anyone wrong such a person, taking vengeance on account of the information.
ὅσα τις ἄλλος ἄλλον πημαίνει φαρμάκοις, τὰ μὲν θανάσιμα αὐτῶν διείρηται, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων πέρι βλάψεων, εἴτε τις ἄρα πώμασιν ἢ καὶ βρώμασιν ἢ ἀλείμμασιν ἑκὼν ἐκ προνοίας πημαίνει, τούτων οὐδέν πω διερρήθη.
As for all the ways anyone harms another with drugs, the fatal ones among them have been discussed, but concerning other harms, whether indeed anyone harms by drinks or foods or ointments voluntarily and with forethought, none of these has yet been discussed.
διτταὶ γὰρ δὴ φαρμακεῖαι κατὰ τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων οὖσαι γένος ἐπίσχουσιν τὴν διάρρησιν.
For two kinds of poisoning existing according to the human race hold back the discussion.