§11.917ΑΘ. Ψεῦδος μηδεὶς μηδὲν μηδʼ ἀπάτην μηδέ τι κίβδηλον, γένος ἐπικαλούμενος θεῶν, μήτε λόγῳ μήτε ἔργῳ πράξειεν, ὁ μὴ θεομισέστατος ἔσεσθαι μέλλων·
**ATH.**: "Let no one commit any falsehood or deceit or any adulteration, calling upon the race of the gods, either in word or in deed, if he is not to be most hateful to the gods.
οὗτος δʼ ἐστὶν ὃς ἂν ὅρκους ὀμνὺς ψευδεῖς μηδὲν φροντίζῃ θεῶν, δεύτερος δὲ ὃς ἂν ἐναντίον τῶν κρειττόνων αὑτοῦ ψεύδηται.
And such a man is he who, swearing false oaths, has no regard for the gods, and second is he who lies in the presence of his superiors.
κρείττους δὲ οἱ ἀμείνους τῶν χειρόνων, πρεσβῦταί τε ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πᾶν εἰπεῖν τῶν νέων, διὸ καὶ γονῆς κρείττους ἐκγόνων, καὶ ἄνδρες δὴ γυναικῶν καὶ παίδων, ἄρχοντές τε ἀρχομένων· οὓς αἰδεῖσθαι πᾶσιν πάντας πρέπον ἂν εἴη ἐν ἄλλῃ τε ἀρχῇ πάσῃ καὶ ἐν ταῖς πολιτικαῖς δὴ μάλιστα ἀρχαῖς, ὅθεν ὁ νῦν παρὼν ἡμῖν λόγος ἐλήλυθεν.
And 'superiors' are the better compared to the worse, and older people, to speak generally, compared to the young, wherefore also parents are superior to their offspring, and indeed men to women and children, and rulers to those who are ruled; whom it would be proper for all to revere, in every other authority and especially indeed in civic authorities, whence our present discourse has come.
πᾶς γὰρ τῶν κατʼ ἀγορὰν ὁ κιβδηλεύων τι ψεύδεται καὶ ἀπατᾷ καὶ τοὺς θεοὺς παρακαλῶν ἐπόμνυσιν ἐν τοῖς τῶν ἀγορανόμων νόμοισίν τε καὶ φυλακτηρίοις, οὔτε ἀνθρώπους αἰδούμενος οὔτε θεοὺς σεβόμενος.
For everyone in the market who adulterates anything lies and deceives and, calling upon the gods, swears by them in the midst of the laws and protections of the market-stewards, neither revering men nor respecting the gods.
πάντως μὲν δὴ καλὸν ἐπιτήδευμα θεῶν ὀνόματα μὴ χραίνειν ῥᾳδίως, ἔχοντα ὡς ἔχουσιν ἡμῶν ἑκάστοτε τὰ πολλὰ οἱ πλεῖστοι καθαρότητός τε καὶ ἁγνείας τὰ περὶ τοὺς θεούς· εἰ δʼ οὖν μὴ πείθοιτο, ὅδε νόμος· ὁ πωλῶν ὁτιοῦν ἐν ἀγορᾷ μηδέποτε δύο εἴπῃ τιμὰς ὧν ἂν πωλῇ, ἁπλῆν δὲ εἰπών, ἂν μὴ τυγχάνῃ ταύτης, ἀποφέρων ὀρθῶς ἂν ἀποφέροι πάλιν, καὶ ταύτης τῆς ἡμέρας μὴ τιμήσῃ πλέονος μηδὲ ἐλάττονος, ἔπαινος δὲ ὅρκος τε περὶ παντὸς τοῦ πωλουμένου ἀπέστω·
In every way indeed, it is a noble practice not to defile the names of the gods easily, holding, as most of us usually do for the most part, matters concerning the gods with purity and holiness; but if, then, anyone should not obey, here is the law: let him who sells anything in the market never name two prices for what he sells, but having named a single price, if he does not obtain this, he would rightly take it back again, and on that day he shall not value it at more or less; and let praise and an oath concerning everything offered for sale be absent.
ἐὰν δέ τις ἀπειθῇ τούτοις, ὁ παρατυγχάνων τῶν ἀστῶν, μὴ ἔλαττον ἢ τριάκοντα γεγονὼς ἔτη, κολάζων μὲν τὸν ὀμνύντα ἀνατὶ τυπτέτω τις, ἀφροντιστῶν δὲ καὶ ἀπειθῶν ἔνοχος ἔστω ψόγῳ προδοσίας τῶν νόμων.
And if anyone disobeys these rules, let any citizen who happens to be present, being not less than thirty years of age, beat the swearer with impunity, by way of punishment; but if he disregards this and does not obey, let him be subject to the blame of betraying the laws.
τὸν δὲ δὴ κίβδηλόν τι πωλοῦντα, καὶ μὴ δυνάμενον τοῖς νῦν πείθεσθαι λόγοις, ὁ προστυγχάνων τῶν γιγνωσκόντων, δυνατὸς ὢν ἐξελέγχειν, ἐναντίον ἐλέγξας τῶν ἀρχόντων, ὁ μὲν δοῦλος φερέσθω τὸ κιβδηλευθὲν καὶ ὁ μέτοικος, ὁ δὲ πολίτης μὴ ἐλέγχων μὲν ὡς ἀποστερῶν τοὺς θεοὺς κακὸς ἀγορευέσθω, ἐλέγξας δὲ ἀναθέτω τοῖς τὴν ἀγορὰν ἔχουσιν θεοῖς.
And as for the one who sells anything adulterated, and is unable to obey the present words, let any bystander who knows, being able to expose him, expose him in the presence of the magistrates; and if he is a slave or a resident alien, let him carry off the adulterated goods, but if he is a citizen and does not expose him, let him be spoken of as a bad citizen for robbing the gods, while if he does expose him, let him dedicate it to the gods who hold the market.
ὁ δὲ δὴ φανερὸς γενόμενός τι πωλῶν τοιοῦτον, πρὸς τῷ στερηθῆναι τοῦ κιβδηλευθέντος, ὁπόσης ἂν τιμῆς ἀξιώσῃ τὸ πωλούμενον, κατὰ δραχμὴν ἑκάστην τῇ μάστιγι τυπτέσθω πληγὰς ὑπὸ κήρυκος ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ κηρύξαντος ὧν ἕνεκα μέλλει τύπτεσθαι.
And let the one who is clearly found selling any such thing, besides being deprived of the adulterated goods, be beaten with the whip, one blow for every drachma of the price he asked for the sold goods, by a herald who has proclaimed in the market the reasons for which he is to be beaten.
τὰ δὲ κιβδηλεύματά τε καὶ κακουργίας τῶν πωλούντων οἵ τε ἀγορανόμοι καὶ οἱ νομοφύλακες, πυθόμενοι τῶν ἐμπείρων περὶ ἕκαστα, ἀναγραψάντων ἅ τε χρὴ ποιεῖν τὸν πωλοῦντα καὶ ἃ μή, καὶ πρόσθε τοῦ ἀγορανομίου θέντων ἐν στήλῃ γράψαντες νόμους εἶναι τοῖς περὶ τὴν τῆς ἀγορᾶς χρείαν μηνυτὰς σαφεῖς.
And as for the adulterations and wrongdoings of the sellers, let the market-stewards and the guardians of the laws, after inquiring from those experienced in each matter, write down what the seller must do and what he must not, and set it up on a pillar in front of the market-steward's office, writing them as laws to be clear indicators for those concerned with the use of the market."