§118ΚΡΙ. τὸ μὲν οὖν ἄστυ καὶ τὸ περὶ τὴν ἀρχαίαν οἴκησιν σχεδὸν ὡς τότʼ ἐλέχθη νῦν διεμνημόνευται· τῆς δʼ ἄλλης χώρας ὡς ἡ φύσις εἶχεν καὶ τὸ τῆς διακοσμήσεως εἶδος, ἀπομνημονεῦσαι πειρατέον.
Critias: Now the city and the surroundings of the ancient dwelling have been, in main, recalled as they were then described; but as for the rest of the country, how its nature was and the manner of its arrangement, we must try to recall.
πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ὁ τόπος ἅπας ἐλέγετο σφόδρα τε ὑψηλὸς καὶ ἀπότομος ἐκ θαλάττης, τὸ δὲ περὶ τὴν πόλιν πᾶν πεδίον, ἐκείνην μὲν περιέχον, αὐτὸ δὲ κύκλῳ περιεχόμενον ὄρεσιν μέχρι πρὸς τὴν θάλατταν καθειμένοις, λεῖον καὶ ὁμαλές, πρόμηκες δὲ πᾶν, ἐπὶ μὲν θάτερα τρισχιλίων σταδίων, κατὰ δὲ μέσον ἀπὸ θαλάττης ἄνω δισχιλίων.
First of all, then, the whole region was said to be very high and precipitous from the sea, but the plain all around the city, enclosing it, and itself enclosed in a circle by mountains which came down as far as the sea, was smooth and level, and entirely oblong, being on the one side three thousand stadia, and in the middle, up from the sea, two thousand.
ὁ δὲ τόπος οὗτος ὅλης τῆς νήσου πρὸς νότον ἐτέτραπτο, ἀπὸ τῶν ἄρκτων κατάβορρος.
And this region of the whole island faced toward the south, and was sheltered from the north winds.
τὰ δὲ περὶ αὐτὸν ὄρη τότε ὑμνεῖτο πλῆθος καὶ μέγεθος καὶ κάλλος παρὰ πάντα τὰ νῦν ὄντα γεγονέναι, πολλὰς μὲν κώμας καὶ πλουσίας περιοίκων ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἔχοντα, ποταμοὺς δὲ καὶ λίμνας καὶ λειμῶνας τροφὴν τοῖς πᾶσιν ἡμέροις καὶ ἀγρίοις ἱκανὴν θρέμμασιν, ὕλην δὲ καὶ πλήθει καὶ γένεσι ποικίλην σύμπασίν τε τοῖς ἔργοις καὶ πρὸς ἕκαστα ἄφθονον.
And the mountains around it were celebrated at that time as having surpassed in number, size, and beauty all that exist now, having in themselves many wealthy villages of the country people, and rivers, lakes, and meadows providing sufficient food for all tame and wild beasts, and timber varied both in quantity and species, abundant for all kinds of works and for each particular purpose.
ὧδε οὖν τὸ πεδίον φύσει καὶ ὑπὸ βασιλέων πολλῶν ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ διεπεπόνητο.
In this way, then, the plain, by nature and by the labor of many kings over a long time, had been thoroughly cultivated.
τετράγωνον μὲν αὔθʼ ὑπῆρχεν τὰ πλεῖστʼ ὀρθὸν καὶ πρόμηκες, ὅτι δὲ ἐνέλειπε, κατηύθυντο τάφρου κύκλῳ περιορυχθείσης·
It was of itself for the most part rectangular, straight, and oblong, and where it fell short of this shape, they made it straight by digging a trench all around it.
τὸ δὲ βάθος καὶ πλάτος τό τε μῆκος αὐτῆς ἄπιστον μὲν λεχθέν, ὡς χειροποίητον ἔργον, πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις διαπονήμασι τοσοῦτον εἶναι, ῥητέον δὲ ὅ γε ἠκούσαμεν·
The depth, width, and length of this trench were incredible to hear of, considering it was a man-made work in addition to the other undertakings, yet we must report what we heard.
πλέθρου μὲν γὰρ βάθος ὀρώρυκτο, τὸ δὲ πλάτος ἁπάντῃ σταδίου, περὶ δὲ πᾶν τὸ πεδίον ὀρυχθεῖσα συνέβαινεν εἶναι τὸ μῆκος σταδίων μυρίων.
For its depth was dug to one plethron, and its width everywhere was one stadium, and as it was dug around the whole plain, its length turned out to be ten thousand stadia.
τὰ δʼ ἐκ τῶν ὀρῶν καταβαίνοντα ὑποδεχομένη ῥεύματα καὶ περὶ τὸ πεδίον κυκλωθεῖσα, πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἔνθεν τε καὶ ἔνθεν ἀφικομένη, ταύτῃ πρὸς θάλατταν μεθεῖτο ἐκρεῖν.
Receiving the streams that came down from the mountains and circling around the plain, it arrived on both sides of the city, and from there was let out to flow into the sea.
ἄνωθεν δὲ ἀπʼ αὐτῆς τὸ πλάτος μάλιστα ἑκατὸν ποδῶν διώρυχες εὐθεῖαι τετμημέναι κατὰ τὸ πεδίον πάλιν εἰς τὴν τάφρον τὴν πρὸς θαλάττης ἀφεῖντο, ἑτέρα δὲ ἀφʼ ἑτέρας αὐτῶν σταδίους ἑκατὸν ἀπεῖχεν·
And from its upper part, straight canals of about a hundred feet in width, cut through the plain, were let out again into the trench near the sea, and each of them was distant from the next by a hundred stadia.
ᾗ δὴ τήν τε ἐκ τῶν ὀρῶν ὕλην κατῆγον εἰς τὸ ἄστυ καὶ τἆλλα δὲ ὡραῖα πλοίοις κατεκομίζοντο, διάπλους ἐκ τῶν διωρύχων εἰς ἀλλήλας τε πλαγίας καὶ πρὸς τὴν πόλιν τεμόντες.
By this means they brought down the timber from the mountains to the city and carried down the other seasonal fruits in boats, having cut cross-channels from the canals into one another and toward the city.
καὶ δὶς δὴ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ τὴν γῆν ἐκαρποῦντο, χειμῶνος μὲν τοῖς ἐκ Διὸς ὕδασι χρώμενοι, θέρους δὲ ὅσα γῆ φέρει τὰ ἐκ τῶν διωρύχων ἐπάγοντες νάματα.
And indeed they harvested the fruits of the earth twice a year, using the rains from Zeus in winter, and in summer leading the streams from the canals to irrigate all that the earth produced.
§119ΚΡΙ. πλῆθος δέ, τῶν μὲν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ χρησίμων πρὸς πόλεμον ἀνδρῶν ἐτέτακτο τὸν κλῆρον ἕκαστον παρέχειν ἄνδρα ἡγεμόνα, τὸ δὲ τοῦ κλήρου μέγεθος εἰς δέκα δεκάκις ἦν στάδια, μυριάδες δὲ συμπάντων τῶν κλήρων ἦσαν ἕξ·
Critias: As for the number, of those men in the plain who were fit for war, it was ordained that each allotment should furnish one leader; and the size of an allotment was ten times ten stadia, and the total number of all the allotments was sixty thousand.
τῶν δʼ ἐκ τῶν ὀρῶν καὶ τῆς ἄλλης χώρας ἀπέραντος μὲν ἀριθμὸς ἀνθρώπων ἐλέγετο, κατὰ δὲ τόπους καὶ κώμας εἰς τούτους τοὺς κλήρους πρὸς τοὺς ἡγεμόνας ἅπαντες διενενέμηντο.
But of those from the mountains and the rest of the country, the number of men was said to be infinite, and they were all distributed according to regions and villages among these allotments under their respective leaders.
τὸν οὖν ἡγεμόνα ἦν τεταγμένον εἰς τὸν πόλεμον παρέχειν ἕκτον μὲν ἅρματος πολεμιστηρίου μόριον εἰς μύρια ἅρματα, ἵππους δὲ δύο καὶ ἀναβάτας, ἔτι δὲ συνωρίδα χωρὶς δίφρου καταβάτην τε μικράσπιδα καὶ τὸν ἀμφοῖν μετʼ ἐπιβάτην τοῖν ἵπποιν ἡνίοχον ἔχουσαν, ὁπλίτας δὲ δύο καὶ τοξότας σφενδονήτας τε ἑκατέρους δύο, γυμνῆτας δὲ λιθοβόλους καὶ ἀκοντιστὰς τρεῖς ἑκατέρους, ναύτας δὲ τέτταρας εἰς πλήρωμα διακοσίων καὶ χιλίων νεῶν.
The leader, then, was ordered to furnish for the war a sixth part of a war-chariot, so as to make up ten thousand chariots, and two horses with riders, and further a pair of horses without a chariot-car, with a combatant who dismounts carrying a small shield, and a charioteer to drive the two horses, who rides with the combatant; and two heavy-armed soldiers, and two archers, and two slingers, and three light-armed stone-shooters, and three javelin-throwers, and four sailors for the manning of twelve hundred ships.
τὰ μὲν οὖν πολεμιστήρια οὕτω διετέτακτο τῆς βασιλικῆς πόλεως, τῶν δὲ ἐννέα ἄλλα ἄλλως, ἃ μακρὸς ἂν χρόνος εἴη λέγειν.
Such, then, was the military arrangement of the royal city; but as for the other nine states, they were ordered in other ways, which it would take a long time to relate.
τὰ δὲ τῶν ἀρχῶν καὶ τιμῶν ὧδʼ εἶχεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς διακοσμηθέντα.
And as for the offices and honors, they had been arranged from the beginning in this manner.
τῶν δέκα βασιλέων εἷς ἕκαστος ἐν μὲν τῷ καθʼ αὑτὸν μέρει κατὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ πόλιν τῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ τῶν πλείστων νόμων ἦρχεν, κολάζων καὶ ἀποκτεινὺς ὅντινʼ ἐθελήσειεν·
Each of the ten kings, in his own portion and in his own city, ruled over the men and the greater part of the laws, punishing and putting to death whomsoever he pleased.
ἡ δὲ ἐν ἀλλήλοις ἀρχὴ καὶ κοινωνία κατὰ ἐπιστολὰς ἦν τὰς τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος, ὡς ὁ νόμος αὐτοῖς παρέδωκεν καὶ γράμματα ὑπὸ τῶν πρώτων ἐν στήλῃ γεγραμμένα ὀρειχαλκίνῃ, ἣ κατὰ μέσην τὴν νῆσον ἔκειτʼ ἐν ἱερῷ Ποσειδῶνος, οἷ δὴ διʼ ἐνιαυτοῦ πέμπτου, τοτὲ δὲ ἐναλλὰξ ἕκτου, συνελέγοντο, τῷ τε ἀρτίῳ καὶ τῷ περιττῷ μέρος ἴσον ἀπονέμοντες, συλλεγόμενοι δὲ περί τε τῶν κοινῶν ἐβουλεύοντο καὶ ἐξήταζον εἴ τίς τι παραβαίνοι, καὶ ἐδίκαζον.
But their authority over one another and their mutual relations were governed by the injunctions of Poseidon, as the law handed them down and as the writings engraved by the first kings upon a pillar of orichalcum which stood in the center of the island in the temple of Poseidon.
ὅτε δὲ δικάζειν μέλλοιεν, πίστεις ἀλλήλοις τοιάσδε ἐδίδοσαν πρότερον.
There they assembled every fifth year, and alternately every sixth year, allotting an equal share to the even and to the odd numbers; and when they were assembled they consulted about their common affairs and examined whether anyone was transgressing, and passed judgment.
ἀφέτων ὄντων ταύρων ἐν τῷ τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ἱερῷ, μόνοι γιγνόμενοι δέκα ὄντες, ἐπευξάμενοι τῷ θεῷ τὸ κεχαρισμένον αὐτῷ θῦμα ἑλεῖν, ἄνευ σιδήρου ξύλοις καὶ βρόχοις ἐθήρευον, ὃν δὲ ἕλοιεν τῶν ταύρων, πρὸς τὴν στήλην προσαγαγόντες κατὰ κορυφὴν αὐτῆς ἔσφαττον κατὰ τῶν γραμμάτων.
And when they were about to pass judgment, they first gave to one another pledges of the following kind.
ἐν δὲ τῇ στήλῃ πρὸς τοῖς νόμοις ὅρκος ἦν μεγάλας ἀρὰς ἐπευχόμενος τοῖς ἀπειθοῦσιν.
Bulls being let loose in the temple of Poseidon, the ten kings, being left alone, prayed to the god to capture for him a victim well-pleasing to him, and hunted them without iron, with wooden clubs and nooses; and whichever of the bulls they caught, they brought up to the pillar and slaughtered it at the very top of it, over the inscriptions. And on the pillar, in addition to the laws, there was an oath invoking mighty curses upon those who disobeyed.