§34ΤΙ. κίνησιν γὰρ ἀπένειμεν αὐτῷ τὴν τοῦ σώματος οἰκείαν, τῶν ἑπτὰ τὴν περὶ νοῦν καὶ φρόνησιν μάλιστα οὖσαν· διὸ δὴ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ καὶ ἐν ἑαυτῷ περιαγαγὼν αὐτὸ ἐποίησε κύκλῳ κινεῖσθαι στρεφόμενον, τὰς δὲ ἓξ ἁπάσας κινήσεις ἀφεῖλεν καὶ ἀπλανὲς ἀπηργάσατο ἐκείνων.
Timaeus: For he assigned to it the motion proper to its body, which of the seven is especially akin to intellect and wisdom; wherefore, leading it around in the same way, in the same place, and within itself, he made it move in a circle as it turned, and he took away all the other six motions and made it free from their wandering.
ἐπὶ δὲ τὴν περίοδον ταύτην ἅτʼ οὐδὲν ποδῶν δέον ἀσκελὲς καὶ ἄπουν αὐτὸ ἐγέννησεν.
And for this revolution, since it had no need of feet, he generated it without legs and feet.
οὗτος δὴ πᾶς ὄντος ἀεὶ λογισμὸς θεοῦ περὶ τὸν ποτὲ ἐσόμενον θεὸν λογισθεὶς λεῖον καὶ ὁμαλὸν πανταχῇ τε ἐκ μέσου ἴσον καὶ ὅλον καὶ τέλεον ἐκ τελέων σωμάτων σῶμα ἐποίησεν·
This, then, was the entire plan of the eternally existing god, reasoned out concerning the god who was sometime to be, and he made its body smooth and even, and equidistant from the center in every direction, a whole and perfect body made out of perfect bodies.
ψυχὴν δὲ εἰς τὸ μέσον αὐτοῦ θεὶς διὰ παντός τε ἔτεινεν καὶ ἔτι ἔξωθεν τὸ σῶμα αὐτῇ περιεκάλυψεν, καὶ κύκλῳ δὴ κύκλον στρεφόμενον οὐρανὸν ἕνα μόνον ἔρημον κατέστησεν, διʼ ἀρετὴν δὲ αὐτὸν αὑτῷ δυνάμενον συγγίγνεσθαι καὶ οὐδενὸς ἑτέρου προσδεόμενον, γνώριμον δὲ καὶ φίλον ἱκανῶς αὐτὸν αὑτῷ.
And having placed a soul in its center, he extended it through the whole, and further wrapped the body with it on the outside, and he established a single, solitary, and lonely heaven, turning in a circle, capable by its excellence of keeping company with itself and needing nothing else, being sufficiently known and friendly to itself.
διὰ πάντα δὴ ταῦτα εὐδαίμονα θεὸν αὐτὸν ἐγεννήσατο.
For all these reasons, indeed, he generated it as a happy god.
τὴν δὲ δὴ ψυχὴν οὐχ ὡς νῦν ὑστέραν ἐπιχειροῦμεν λέγειν, οὕτως ἐμηχανήσατο καὶ ὁ θεὸς νεωτέραν—οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἄρχεσθαι πρεσβύτερον ὑπὸ νεωτέρου συνέρξας εἴασεν—ἀλλά πως ἡμεῖς πολὺ μετέχοντες τοῦ προστυχόντος τε καὶ εἰκῇ ταύτῃ πῃ καὶ λέγομεν, ὁ δὲ καὶ γενέσει καὶ ἀρετῇ προτέραν καὶ πρεσβυτέραν ψυχὴν σώματος ὡς δεσπότιν καὶ ἄρξουσαν ἀρξομένου συνεστήσατο ἐκ τῶνδέ τε καὶ τοιῷδε τρόπῳ.
But as for the soul, god did not fashion it younger than the body, as we are now attempting to speak of it as later; for he would not, in joining them together, have allowed the elder to be ruled by the younger. But we, participating largely in the casual and the random, somehow speak in this way; whereas he constructed the soul prior to and elder than the body, both in generation and in excellence, as mistress and ruler over that which was to be ruled, out of the following elements and in the following manner.
§35ΤΙ. τῆς ἀμερίστου καὶ ἀεὶ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἐχούσης οὐσίας καὶ τῆς αὖ περὶ τὰ σώματα γιγνομένης μεριστῆς τρίτον ἐξ ἀμφοῖν ἐν μέσῳ συνεκεράσατο οὐσίας εἶδος, τῆς τε ταὐτοῦ φύσεως καὶ τῆς τοῦ ἑτέρου, καὶ κατὰ ταὐτὰ συνέστησεν ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ τε ἀμεροῦς αὐτῶν καὶ τοῦ κατὰ τὰ σώματα μεριστοῦ·
Timaeus: From the indivisible existence that is always in the same state, and from the divisible existence that becomes around bodies, he mixed together in the middle between them a third form of existence, belonging both to the nature of the Same and to that of the Other; and in the same way he constructed it in the middle between the indivisible part of them and that which is divisible around bodies.
καὶ τρία λαβὼν αὐτὰ ὄντα συνεκεράσατο εἰς μίαν πάντα ἰδέαν, τὴν θατέρου φύσιν δύσμεικτον οὖσαν εἰς ταὐτὸν συναρμόττων βίᾳ.
And taking these three, he mixed them all together into a single form, fitting the nature of the Other, which was hard to mix, by force into the Same.
μειγνὺς δὲ μετὰ τῆς οὐσίας καὶ ἐκ τριῶν ποιησάμενος ἕν, πάλιν ὅλον τοῦτο μοίρας ὅσας προσῆκεν διένειμεν, ἑκάστην δὲ ἔκ τε ταὐτοῦ καὶ θατέρου καὶ τῆς οὐσίας μεμειγμένην.
And mixing them with existence, and having made one out of the three, he again distributed this whole into as many portions as was fitting, each portion being mixed of the Same, the Other, and existence.
ἤρχετο δὲ διαιρεῖν ὧδε. μίαν ἀφεῖλεν τὸ πρῶτον ἀπὸ παντὸς μοῖραν, μετὰ δὲ ταύτην ἀφῄρει διπλασίαν ταύτης, τὴν δʼ αὖ τρίτην ἡμιολίαν μὲν τῆς δευτέρας, τριπλασίαν δὲ τῆς πρώτης, τετάρτην δὲ τῆς δευτέρας διπλῆν, πέμπτην δὲ τριπλῆν τῆς τρίτης, τὴν δʼ ἕκτην τῆς πρώτης ὀκταπλασίαν, ἑβδόμην δʼ ἑπτακαιεικοσιπλασίαν τῆς πρώτης·
And he began to divide as follows: first, he took one portion from the whole; and after this he took a second portion, double the first; and then a third, which was one and a half times the second and three times the first; and a fourth, double the second (four); and a fifth, three times the third (nine); and a sixth, eight times the first (eight); and a seventh, twenty-seven times the first (twenty-seven).
§36ΤΙ. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα συνεπληροῦτο τά τε διπλάσια καὶ τριπλάσια διαστήματα, μοίρας ἔτι ἐκεῖθεν ἀποτέμνων καὶ τιθεὶς εἰς τὸ μεταξὺ τούτων, ὥστε ἐν ἑκάστῳ διαστήματι δύο εἶναι μεσότητας, τὴν μὲν ταὐτῷ μέρει τῶν ἄκρων αὐτῶν ὑπερέχουσαν καὶ ὑπερεχομένην, τὴν δὲ ἴσῳ μὲν κατʼ ἀριθμὸν ὑπερέχουσαν, ἴσῳ δὲ ὑπερεχομένην.
Timaeus: After this, he went on to fill up the double and triple intervals, still cutting off portions from the rest and placing them in the space between these, so that in each interval there should be two middle terms, the one exceeding and exceeded by the same fraction of the extremes themselves, the other exceeding and exceeded by an equal number.
ἡμιολίων δὲ διαστάσεων καὶ ἐπιτρίτων καὶ ἐπογδόων γενομένων ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεσμῶν ἐν ταῖς πρόσθεν διαστάσεσιν, τῷ τοῦ ἐπογδόου διαστήματι τὰ ἐπίτριτα πάντα συνεπληροῦτο, λείπων αὐτῶν ἑκάστου μόριον, τῆς τοῦ μορίου ταύτης διαστάσεως λειφθείσης ἀριθμοῦ πρὸς ἀριθμὸν ἐχούσης τοὺς ὅρους ἓξ καὶ πεντήκοντα καὶ διακοσίων πρὸς τρία καὶ τετταράκοντα καὶ διακόσια.
And as intervals of three-halves and four-thirds and nine-eighths arose from these links within the previous intervals, he filled up all the four-thirds intervals with the interval of nine-eighths, leaving a fraction of each of them, this remaining interval of the fraction having the terms of its ratio, number to number, as two hundred and fifty-six to two hundred and forty-three.
καὶ δὴ καὶ τὸ μειχθέν, ἐξ οὗ ταῦτα κατέτεμνεν, οὕτως ἤδη πᾶν κατανηλώκει.
And indeed, he had now entirely consumed the mixture from which he was cutting these off.
ταύτην οὖν τὴν σύστασιν πᾶσαν διπλῆν κατὰ μῆκος σχίσας, μέσην πρὸς μέσην ἑκατέραν ἀλλήλαις οἷον χεῖ προσβαλὼν κατέκαμψεν εἰς ἓν κύκλῳ, συνάψας αὑταῖς τε καὶ ἀλλήλαις ἐν τῷ καταντικρὺ τῆς προσβολῆς, καὶ τῇ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἐν ταὐτῷ περιαγομένῃ κινήσει πέριξ αὐτὰς ἔλαβεν, καὶ τὸν μὲν ἔξω, τὸν δʼ ἐντὸς ἐποιεῖτο τῶν κύκλων.
This entire compound, then, he split along its length into two, and joining them middle to middle with each other like the letter Chi, he bent them into a circle, joining them both to themselves and to each other at the point opposite to their intersection, and he encompassed them with the motion that revolves in the same way and in the same place, and made the one the outer and the other the inner circle.
τὴν μὲν οὖν ἔξω φορὰν ἐπεφήμισεν εἶναι τῆς ταὐτοῦ φύσεως, τὴν δʼ ἐντὸς τῆς θατέρου.
And the outer motion he designated as that of the nature of the Same, and the inner as that of the Other.
τὴν μὲν δὴ ταὐτοῦ κατὰ πλευρὰν ἐπὶ δεξιὰ περιήγαγεν, τὴν δὲ θατέρου κατὰ διάμετρον ἐπʼ ἀριστερά, κράτος δʼ ἔδωκεν τῇ ταὐτοῦ καὶ ὁμοίου περιφορᾷ· μίαν γὰρ αὐτὴν ἄσχιστον εἴασεν, τὴν δʼ ἐντὸς σχίσας ἑξαχῇ ἑπτὰ κύκλους ἀνίσους κατὰ τὴν τοῦ διπλασίου καὶ τριπλασίου διάστασιν ἑκάστην, οὐσῶν ἑκατέρων τριῶν, κατὰ τἀναντία μὲν ἀλλήλοις προσέταξεν ἰέναι τοὺς κύκλους, τάχει δὲ τρεῖς μὲν ὁμοίως, τοὺς δὲ τέτταρας ἀλλήλοις καὶ τοῖς τρισὶν ἀνομοίως, ἐν λόγῳ δὲ φερομένους.
The motion of the Same he led around to the right by way of the side, and that of the Other to the left by way of the diagonal, and he gave dominance to the revolution of the Same and Similar; for he left it single and unsplit, but the inner circle he split in six places into seven unequal circles, according to each of the double and triple intervals, there being three of each; and he ordered these circles to go in opposite directions to one another, three of them at similar speeds, and the other four at speeds unlike one another and unlike the three, yet moving in proportion.
ἐπεὶ δὲ κατὰ νοῦν τῷ συνιστάντι πᾶσα ἡ τῆς ψυχῆς σύστασις ἐγεγένητο, μετὰ τοῦτο πᾶν τὸ σωματοειδὲς ἐντὸς αὐτῆς ἐτεκταίνετο καὶ μέσον μέσῃ συναγαγὼν προσήρμοττεν·
Now when the entire construction of the soul had been completed according to the mind of the constructor, after this he fashioned all that is bodily within it, and bringing them together center to center, he fitted them together.
ἡ δʼ ἐκ μέσου πρὸς τὸν ἔσχατον οὐρανὸν πάντῃ διαπλακεῖσα κύκλῳ τε αὐτὸν ἔξωθεν περικαλύψασα, αὐτὴ ἐν αὑτῇ στρεφομένη, θείαν ἀρχὴν ἤρξατο ἀπαύστου καὶ ἔμφρονος βίου πρὸς τὸν σύμπαντα χρόνον.
And the soul, being interwoven throughout from the center to the furthest heaven, and wrapping it around from the outside in a circle, turning within itself, began a divine beginning of an unceasing and intelligent life for all time.