§32ΤΙ. ὁπόταν γὰρ ἀριθμῶν τριῶν εἴτε ὄγκων εἴτε δυνάμεων ὡντινωνοῦν ᾖ τὸ μέσον, ὅτιπερ τὸ πρῶτον πρὸς αὐτό, τοῦτο αὐτὸ πρὸς τὸ ἔσχατον, καὶ πάλιν αὖθις, ὅτι τὸ ἔσχατον πρὸς τὸ μέσον, τὸ μέσον πρὸς τὸ πρῶτον, τότε τὸ μέσον μὲν πρῶτον καὶ ἔσχατον γιγνόμενον, τὸ δʼ ἔσχατον καὶ τὸ πρῶτον αὖ μέσα ἀμφότερα, πάνθʼ οὕτως ἐξ ἀνάγκης τὰ αὐτὰ εἶναι συμβήσεται, τὰ αὐτὰ δὲ γενόμενα ἀλλήλοις ἓν πάντα ἔσται.
Timaeus: For whenever, of any three numbers or bulks or powers, the middle term is such that as the first is to it, so it is to the last, and again, conversely, as the last is to the middle, so the middle is to the first, then, since the middle term becomes both first and last, and the last and the first both become middle terms, it will happen of necessity that all of them become the same, and having become the same with one another, they will all be one.
εἰ μὲν οὖν ἐπίπεδον μέν, βάθος δὲ μηδὲν ἔχον ἔδει γίγνεσθαι τὸ τοῦ παντὸς σῶμα, μία μεσότης ἂν ἐξήρκει τά τε μεθʼ αὑτῆς συνδεῖν καὶ ἑαυτήν, νῦν δὲ στερεοειδῆ γὰρ αὐτὸν προσῆκεν εἶναι, τὰ δὲ στερεὰ μία μὲν οὐδέποτε, δύο δὲ ἀεὶ μεσότητες συναρμόττουσιν·
If, then, the body of the universe had been required to become a plane surface, having no depth, one middle term would have sufficed to bind itself and the things with it together; but as it is, for it was fitting for it to be solid, and solids are never conjoined by one middle term, but always by two.
οὕτω δὴ πυρός τε καὶ γῆς ὕδωρ ἀέρα τε ὁ θεὸς ἐν μέσῳ θείς, καὶ πρὸς ἄλληλα καθʼ ὅσον ἦν δυνατὸν ἀνὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον ἀπεργασάμενος, ὅτιπερ πῦρ πρὸς ἀέρα, τοῦτο ἀέρα πρὸς ὕδωρ, καὶ ὅτι ἀὴρ πρὸς ὕδωρ, ὕδωρ πρὸς γῆν, συνέδησεν καὶ συνεστήσατο οὐρανὸν ὁρατὸν καὶ ἁπτόν.
Thus, indeed, placing water and air in the middle between fire and earth, and having crafted them as far as possible in the same proportion to one another, so that as fire is to air, so is air to water, and as air is to water, so is water to earth, god bound together and constructed a visible and tangible heaven.
καὶ διὰ ταῦτα ἔκ τε δὴ τούτων τοιούτων καὶ τὸν ἀριθμὸν τεττάρων τὸ τοῦ κόσμου σῶμα ἐγεννήθη διʼ ἀναλογίας ὁμολογῆσαν, φιλίαν τε ἔσχεν ἐκ τούτων, ὥστε εἰς ταὐτὸν αὑτῷ συνελθὸν ἄλυτον ὑπό του ἄλλου πλὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ συνδήσαντος γενέσθαι.
And for these reasons, and out of these things, being four in number, the body of the cosmos was generated, being in agreement through proportion, and from these it obtained friendship, so that having come into unity with itself, it became indissoluble by any other except by him who bound it together.
τῶν δὲ δὴ τεττάρων ἓν ὅλον ἕκαστον εἴληφεν ἡ τοῦ κόσμου σύστασις.
Now, the construction of the cosmos took each of these four in its entirety.
ἐκ γὰρ πυρὸς παντὸς ὕδατός τε καὶ ἀέρος καὶ γῆς συνέστησεν αὐτὸν ὁ συνιστάς, μέρος οὐδὲν οὐδενὸς οὐδὲ δύναμιν ἔξωθεν ὑπολιπών, τάδε διανοηθείς, πρῶτον μὲν ἵνα ὅλον ὅτι μάλιστα ζῷον τέλεον ἐκ τελέων τῶν μερῶν εἴη, §33ΤΙ. πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ἕν, ἅτε οὐχ ὑπολελειμμένων ἐξ ὧν ἄλλο τοιοῦτον γένοιτʼ ἄν, ἔτι δὲ ἵνʼ ἀγήρων καὶ ἄνοσον ᾖ, κατανοῶν ὡς συστάτῳ σώματι θερμὰ καὶ ψυχρὰ καὶ πάνθʼ ὅσα δυνάμεις ἰσχυρὰς ἔχει περιιστάμενα ἔξωθεν καὶ προσπίπτοντα ἀκαίρως λύει καὶ νόσους γῆράς τε ἐπάγοντα φθίνειν ποιεῖ.
For the constructor constructed it out of all the fire, water, air, and earth, leaving no part of any of them nor any power outside, having this in mind: first, that it might be, as far as possible, a complete living being as a whole, made of complete parts; Timaeus: and besides these, that it might be one, inasmuch as nothing was left over out of which another such world could be generated; and further, that it might be free from old age and disease, realizing that when hot things and cold things and all such as have strong powers surround a composite body from without and fall upon it unseasonably, they dissolve it, and by bringing on diseases and old age, cause it to decay.
διὰ δὴ τὴν αἰτίαν καὶ τὸν λογισμὸν τόνδε ἕνα ὅλον ὅλων ἐξ ἁπάντων τέλεον καὶ ἀγήρων καὶ ἄνοσον αὐτὸν ἐτεκτήνατο.
For this cause, indeed, and by this reasoning, he fashioned it as a single whole, consisting of all wholes, complete, free from old age and disease.
σχῆμα δὲ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ τὸ πρέπον καὶ τὸ συγγενές.
And he gave to it the shape that was fitting and akin to it.
τῷ δὲ τὰ πάντα ἐν αὑτῷ ζῷα περιέχειν μέλλοντι ζῴῳ πρέπον ἂν εἴη σχῆμα τὸ περιειληφὸς ἐν αὑτῷ πάντα ὁπόσα σχήματα·
For to the living being that was to contain all living beings within itself, the fitting shape would be that which encompasses within itself all shapes whatsoever.
διὸ καὶ σφαιροειδές, ἐκ μέσου πάντῃ πρὸς τὰς τελευτὰς ἴσον ἀπέχον, κυκλοτερὲς αὐτὸ ἐτορνεύσατο, πάντων τελεώτατον ὁμοιότατόν τε αὐτὸ ἑαυτῷ σχημάτων, νομίσας μυρίῳ κάλλιον ὅμοιον ἀνομοίου.
Wherefore he rounded it like a sphere, keeping it equidistant from the center to the extremities in every direction, which of all shapes is the most complete and most like itself, thinking that what is like is infinitely more beautiful than what is unlike.
λεῖον δὲ δὴ κύκλῳ πᾶν ἔξωθεν αὐτὸ ἀπηκριβοῦτο πολλῶν χάριν.
And he made it smooth all around on the outside, for many reasons.
ὀμμάτων τε γὰρ ἐπεδεῖτο οὐδέν, ὁρατὸν γὰρ οὐδὲν ὑπελείπετο ἔξωθεν, οὐδʼ ἀκοῆς, οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀκουστόν· πνεῦμά τε οὐκ ἦν περιεστὸς δεόμενον ἀναπνοῆς, οὐδʼ αὖ τινος ἐπιδεὲς ἦν ὀργάνου σχεῖν ᾧ τὴν μὲν εἰς ἑαυτὸ τροφὴν δέξοιτο, τὴν δὲ πρότερον ἐξικμασμένην ἀποπέμψοι πάλιν.
For it had no need of eyes, since nothing visible was left outside, nor of hearing, for there was nothing audible; nor was there any surrounding air requiring respiration, nor again did it need any organ by which it might receive food into itself or discharge what had been previously digested.
ἀπῄει τε γὰρ οὐδὲν οὐδὲ προσῄειν αὐτῷ ποθεν—οὐδὲ γὰρ ἦν—αὐτὸ γὰρ ἑαυτῷ τροφὴν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ φθίσιν παρέχον καὶ πάντα ἐν ἑαυτῷ καὶ ὑφʼ ἑαυτοῦ πάσχον καὶ δρῶν ἐκ τέχνης γέγονεν·
For nothing went out from it or came into it from anywhere—for there was nothing—but it was crafted by art to provide its own decay as food for itself, and to suffer and do all things within itself and by itself.
ἡγήσατο γὰρ αὐτὸ ὁ συνθεὶς αὔταρκες ὂν ἄμεινον ἔσεσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ προσδεὲς ἄλλων.
For the organizer thought that it would be better if it were self-sufficient rather than in need of other things.
χειρῶν δέ, αἷς οὔτε λαβεῖν οὔτε αὖ τινα ἀμύνασθαι χρεία τις ἦν, μάτην οὐκ ᾤετο δεῖν αὐτῷ προσάπτειν, οὐδὲ ποδῶν οὐδὲ ὅλως τῆς περὶ τὴν βάσιν ὑπηρεσίας.
And as for hands, which had no need of taking anything or defending itself against anyone, he did not think he ought to attach them to it in vain, nor feet, nor any support for standing at all.