§9.591καὶ ἡ τῶν παίδων ἀρχή, τὸ μὴ ἐᾶν ἐλευθέρους εἶναι, ἕως ἂν ἐν αὐτοῖς ὥσπερ ἐν πόλει πολιτείαν καταστήσωμεν, καὶ τὸ βέλτιστον θεραπεύσαντες τῷ παρʼ ἡμῖν τοιούτῳ ἀντικαταστήσωμεν φύλακα ὅμοιον καὶ ἄρχοντα ἐν αὐτῷ, καὶ τότε δὴ ἐλεύθερον ἀφίεμεν. δηλοῖ γάρ, ἦ δʼ ὅς.
"And the rule of children, too," I said, "the not permitting them to be free until we establish in them a constitution just as in a city, and, having tended the best part, we set up in its place a similar guardian and ruler in him, corresponding to that in us, and only then do we let him go free." "Yes, for it shows that," he said.
πῇ δὴ οὖν φήσομεν, ὦ Γλαύκων, καὶ κατὰ τίνα λόγον λυσιτελεῖν ἀδικεῖν, ἢ ἀκολασταίνειν ἤ τι αἰσχρὸν ποιεῖν, ἐξ ὧν πονηρότερος μὲν ἔσται, πλείω δὲ χρήματα ἢ ἄλλην τινὰ δύναμιν κεκτήσεται; οὐδαμῇ, ἦ δʼ ὅς.
"How then, Glaucon, and by what argument shall we say that it is profitable to do injustice, or to be licentious, or to do anything shameful, from which one will indeed become more wicked, but will acquire more money or some other power?" "In no way," he said.
πῇ δʼ ἀδικοῦντα λανθάνειν καὶ μὴ διδόναι δίκην λυσιτελεῖν;
"And how is it profitable for one who does injustice to go undetected and not pay the penalty?
ἢ οὐχὶ ὁ μὲν λανθάνων ἔτι πονηρότερος γίγνεται, τοῦ δὲ μὴ λανθάνοντος καὶ κολαζομένου τὸ μὲν θηριῶδες κοιμίζεται καὶ ἡμεροῦται, τὸ δὲ ἥμερον ἐλευθεροῦται, καὶ ὅλη ἡ ψυχὴ εἰς τὴν βελτίστην φύσιν καθισταμένη τιμιωτέραν ἕξιν λαμβάνει, σωφροσύνην τε καὶ δικαιοσύνην μετὰ φρονήσεως κτωμένη, ἢ σῶμα ἰσχύν τε καὶ κάλλος μετὰ ὑγιείας λαμβάνον, τοσούτῳ ὅσῳπερ ψυχὴ σώματος τιμιωτέρα; παντάπασιν μὲν οὖν, ἔφη.
Or is it not rather that the one who goes undetected becomes still more wicked, whereas for the one who does not go undetected but is punished, the beast-like part is put to sleep and tamed, and the gentle part is freed, and the whole soul, being established in its best nature, acquires a more honorable state, possessing temperance and justice along with wisdom, than a body acquiring strength and beauty along with health, by as much as soul is more honorable than body?" "Completely so," he said.
οὐκοῦν ὅ γε νοῦν ἔχων πάντα τὰ αὑτοῦ εἰς τοῦτο συντείνας βιώσεται, πρῶτον μὲν τὰ μαθήματα τιμῶν, ἃ τοιαύτην αὐτοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπεργάσεται, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα ἀτιμάζων; δῆλον, ἔφη.
"Therefore, the man of understanding will live stretching all his resources toward this end, first honoring the studies which will fashion his soul into such a state, while despising the others?" "Clearly," he said.
ἔπειτά γʼ, εἶπον, τὴν τοῦ σώματος ἕξιν καὶ τροφὴν οὐχ ὅπως τῇ θηριώδει καὶ ἀλόγῳ ἡδονῇ ἐπιτρέψας ἐνταῦθα τετραμμένος ζήσει, ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ πρὸς ὑγίειαν βλέπων, οὐδὲ τοῦτο πρεσβεύων, ὅπως ἰσχυρὸς ἢ ὑγιὴς ἢ καλὸς ἔσται, ἐὰν μὴ καὶ σωφρονήσειν μέλλῃ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν, ἀλλʼ ἀεὶ τὴν ἐν τῷ σώματι ἁρμονίαν τῆς ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ἕνεκα συμφωνίας ἁρμοττόμενος φανεῖται. παντάπασι μὲν οὖν, ἔφη, ἐάνπερ μέλλῃ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ μουσικὸς εἶναι. οὐκοῦν, εἶπον, καὶ τὴν ἐν τῇ τῶν χρημάτων κτήσει σύνταξίν τε καὶ συμφωνίαν;
"Next, then," I said, "as for the condition and nourishment of his body, he will live not by turning over these things to beast-like and irrational pleasure, nor even looking to health, nor prioritizing how he may be strong, healthy, or beautiful, unless he is also going to be temperate as a result of them, but he will always be seen tuning the harmony in the body for the sake of the concord in the soul." "Completely so," he said, "if indeed he is going to be truly musical." "Then," I said, "will he not also maintain order and concord in the acquisition of wealth?
καὶ τὸν ὄγκον τοῦ πλήθους οὐκ ἐκπληττόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ τῶν πολλῶν μακαρισμοῦ ἄπειρον αὐξήσει, ἀπέραντα κακὰ ἔχων; οὐκ οἴομαι, ἔφη.
And, not being dazzled by the mass of its quantity under the influence of the crowd's congratulation, will he not increase it boundlessly, possessing endless evils?" "I think not," he said.
ἀλλʼ ἀποβλέπων γε, εἶπον, πρὸς τὴν ἐν αὑτῷ πολιτείαν, καὶ φυλάττων μή τι παρακινῇ αὑτοῦ τῶν ἐκεῖ διὰ πλῆθος οὐσίας ἢ διʼ ὀλιγότητα, οὕτως κυβερνῶν προσθήσει καὶ ἀναλώσει τῆς οὐσίας καθʼ ὅσον ἂν οἷός τʼ ᾖ. κομιδῇ μὲν οὖν, ἔφη.
"But rather, looking," I said, "to the constitution within himself, and guarding lest anything there be disturbed because of the abundance of his wealth or its scarcity, steering in this way, he will add to and spend from his wealth as far as he is able." "Most certainly," he said.
§9.592ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ τιμάς γε, εἰς ταὐτὸν ἀποβλέπων, τῶν μὲν μεθέξει καὶ γεύσεται ἑκών, ἃς ἂν ἡγῆται ἀμείνω αὑτὸν ποιήσειν, ἃς δʼ ἂν λύσειν τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν ἕξιν, φεύξεται ἰδίᾳ καὶ δημοσίᾳ. οὐκ ἄρα, ἔφη, τά γε πολιτικὰ ἐθελήσει πράττειν, ἐάνπερ τούτου κήδηται. νὴ τὸν κύνα, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ἔν γε τῇ ἑαυτοῦ πόλει καὶ μάλα, οὐ μέντοι ἴσως ἔν γε τῇ πατρίδι, ἐὰν μὴ θεία τις συμβῇ τύχη. μανθάνω, ἔφη· ἐν ᾗ νῦν διήλθομεν οἰκίζοντες πόλει λέγεις, τῇ ἐν λόγοις κειμένῃ, ἐπεὶ γῆς γε οὐδαμοῦ οἶμαι αὐτὴν εἶναι. ἀλλʼ, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ἐν οὐρανῷ ἴσως παράδειγμα ἀνάκειται τῷ βουλομένῳ ὁρᾶν καὶ ὁρῶντι ἑαυτὸν κατοικίζειν.
"And furthermore, as for honors, looking to the same thing, he will willingly share in and taste of some, which he thinks will make him better, but he will flee others, both privately and publicly, which would dissolve his existing state." "Then," he said, "he will not be willing to engage in politics, if indeed he cares for this." "By the dog," I said, "he certainly will, in his own city, but perhaps not in his fatherland, unless some divine fortune should occur." "I understand," he said; "you mean in the city we have just gone through founding, the one situated in words, since I do not think it exists anywhere on earth." "But," I said, "perhaps a pattern is laid up in heaven for the one who wants to see it and, seeing it, to found a city within himself.
διαφέρει δὲ οὐδὲν εἴτε που ἔστιν εἴτε ἔσται· τὰ γὰρ ταύτης μόνης ἂν πράξειεν, ἄλλης δὲ οὐδεμιᾶς. εἰκός γʼ, ἔφη.
And it makes no difference whether it exists anywhere or ever will exist; for he would practice the affairs of this city alone, and of no other." "It is likely," he said.