§5.462οὕτω νὴ Δία, ἦ δʼ ὅς. ἆρʼ οὖν οὐχ ἥδε ἀρχὴ τῆς ὁμολογίας, ἐρέσθαι ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς τί ποτε τὸ μέγιστον ἀγαθὸν ἔχομεν εἰπεῖν εἰς πόλεως κατασκευήν, οὗ δεῖ στοχαζόμενον τὸν νομοθέτην τιθέναι τοὺς νόμους, καὶ τί μέγιστον κακόν, εἶτα ἐπισκέψασθαι ἆρα ἃ νυνδὴ διήλθομεν εἰς μὲν τὸ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ἴχνος ἡμῖν ἁρμόττει, τῷ δὲ τοῦ κακοῦ ἀναρμοστεῖ; πάντων μάλιστα, ἔφη. ἔχομεν οὖν τι μεῖζον κακὸν πόλει ἢ ἐκεῖνο ὃ ἂν αὐτὴν διασπᾷ καὶ ποιῇ πολλὰς ἀντὶ μιᾶς;
“By Zeus, yes,” he said. “Is this not, then, the beginning of our agreement: to ask ourselves what we can say is the greatest good for the constitution of a city, at which the legislator must aim in establishing the laws, and what is the greatest evil; and then to examine whether what we have just described fits for us into the track of the good, and is incompatible with the track of the evil?” “Most certainly,” he said. “Is there, then, any greater evil for a city than that which tears it apart and makes it many instead of one?
ἢ μεῖζον ἀγαθὸν τοῦ ὃ ἂν συνδῇ τε καὶ ποιῇ μίαν; οὐκ ἔχομεν. οὐκοῦν ἡ μὲν ἡδονῆς τε καὶ λύπης κοινωνία συνδεῖ, ὅταν ὅτι μάλιστα πάντες οἱ πολῖται τῶν αὐτῶν γιγνομένων τε καὶ ἀπολλυμένων παραπλησίως χαίρωσι καὶ λυπῶνται; παντάπασι μὲν οὖν, ἔφη. ἡ δέ γε τῶν τοιούτων ἰδίωσις διαλύει, ὅταν οἱ μὲν περιαλγεῖς, οἱ δὲ περιχαρεῖς γίγνωνται ἐπὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς παθήμασι τῆς πόλεώς τε καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει; τί δʼ οὔ; ἆρʼ οὖν ἐκ τοῦδε τὸ τοιόνδε γίγνεται, ὅταν μὴ ἅμα φθέγγωνται ἐν τῇ πόλει τὰ τοιάδε ῥήματα, τό τε ἐμὸν καὶ τὸ οὐκ ἐμόν;
Or any greater good than that which binds it together and makes it one?” “There is not.” “Therefore, does not the community of pleasure and pain bind it together, when, as much as possible, all the citizens rejoice and grieve in a similar way at the same things coming into being and passing away?” “Entirely so,” he said. “But, on the other hand, the privatization of such things dissolves it, when some are deeply pained and others are overjoyed at the same experiences of the city and of those in the city?” “How could it not?” “Does, then, such a thing arise from this: when they do not utter together in the city such words as ‘mine’ and ‘not mine’?
καὶ περὶ τοῦ ἀλλοτρίου κατὰ ταὐτά; κομιδῇ μὲν οὖν. ἐν ᾗτινι δὴ πόλει πλεῖστοι ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατὰ ταὐτὰ τοῦτο λέγουσι τὸ ἐμὸν καὶ τὸ οὐκ ἐμόν, αὕτη ἄριστα διοικεῖται; πολύ γε. καὶ ἥτις δὴ ἐγγύτατα ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου ἔχει;
And in the same way concerning what belongs to another?” “Exactly so.” “In whichever city, then, the greatest number of people say ‘mine’ and ‘not mine’ of the same thing in the same way, is this city not the best governed?” “By far.” “And whichever is nearest to the condition of a single human being?
οἷον ὅταν που ἡμῶν δάκτυλός του πληγῇ, πᾶσα ἡ κοινωνία ἡ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα πρὸς τὴν ψυχὴν τεταμένη εἰς μίαν σύνταξιν τὴν τοῦ ἄρχοντος ἐν αὐτῇ ᾔσθετό τε καὶ πᾶσα ἅμα συνήλγησεν μέρους πονήσαντος ὅλη, καὶ οὕτω δὴ λέγομεν ὅτι ὁ ἄνθρωπος τὸν δάκτυλον ἀλγεῖ· καὶ περὶ ἄλλου ὁτουοῦν τῶν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὁ αὐτὸς λόγος, περί τε λύπης πονοῦντος μέρους καὶ περὶ ἡδονῆς ῥαΐζοντος; ὁ αὐτὸς γάρ, ἔφη· καὶ τοῦτο ὃ ἐρωτᾷς, τοῦ τοιούτου ἐγγύτατα ἡ ἄριστα πολιτευομένη πόλις οἰκεῖ. ἑνὸς δὴ οἶμαι πάσχοντος τῶν πολιτῶν ὁτιοῦν ἢ ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακὸν ἡ τοιαύτη πόλις μάλιστά τε φήσει ἑαυτῆς εἶναι τὸ πάσχον, καὶ ἢ συνησθήσεται ἅπασα ἢ συλλυπήσεται. ἀνάγκη, ἔφη, τήν γε εὔνομον. ὥρα ἂν εἴη, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ἐπανιέναι ἡμῖν ἐπὶ τὴν ἡμετέραν πόλιν, καὶ τὰ τοῦ λόγου ὁμολογήματα σκοπεῖν ἐν αὐτῇ, εἰ αὐτὴ μάλιστʼ ἔχει εἴτε καὶ ἄλλη τις μᾶλλον. οὐκοῦν χρή, ἔφη.
Just as, I suppose, when a finger of one of us is hurt, the entire community throughout the body, stretched toward the soul into a single coordination of the ruling part in it, perceives it and all of it suffers together at once when a part is in pain, and so we say that the human being has a pain in his finger; and about any other part of the human being whatsoever, does the same account hold, both concerning a part suffering in pain and recovering in pleasure?” “Yes, the same,” he said; “and the city that is best governed dwells nearest to such a condition.” “Then, I suppose, when any one of the citizens suffers anything, whether good or bad, such a city will especially say that the suffering part is its own, and the whole will either rejoice together or grieve together.” “Inevitably,” he said, “for one that is well-ordered.” “It would be time, then,” I said, “for us to return to our city, and to examine in it the agreements of our argument, whether she especially possesses them, or whether some other city has them more.” “We must indeed do so,” he said.