§4.429τῷ σμικροτάτῳ ἄρα ἔθνει καὶ μέρει ἑαυτῆς καὶ τῇ ἐν τούτῳ ἐπιστήμῃ, τῷ προεστῶτι καὶ ἄρχοντι, ὅλη σοφὴ ἂν εἴη κατὰ φύσιν οἰκισθεῖσα πόλις·
Therefore, by the smallest class and part of itself, and by the knowledge in this part—the one that presides and rules—a city founded according to nature would be wise as a whole.
καὶ τοῦτο, ὡς ἔοικε, φύσει ὀλίγιστον γίγνεται γένος, ᾧ προσήκει ταύτης τῆς ἐπιστήμης μεταλαγχάνειν ἣν μόνην δεῖ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιστημῶν σοφίαν καλεῖσθαι.
And this, as it seems, naturally becomes the fewest in number, the class to which it belongs to share in this knowledge, which alone of all other kinds of knowledge must be called wisdom.
ἀληθέστατα, ἔφη, λέγεις.
"Most truly spoken," he said.
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ ἓν τῶν τεττάρων οὐκ οἶδα ὅντινα τρόπον ηὑρήκαμεν, αὐτό τε καὶ ὅπου τῆς πόλεως ἵδρυται. ἐμοὶ γοῦν δοκεῖ, ἔφη, ἀποχρώντως ηὑρῆσθαι. ἀλλὰ μὴν ἀνδρεία γε αὐτή τε καὶ ἐν ᾧ κεῖται τῆς πόλεως, διʼ ὃ τοιαύτη κλητέα ἡ πόλις, οὐ πάνυ χαλεπὸν ἰδεῖν. πῶς δή; τίς ἄν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, εἰς ἄλλο τι ἀποβλέψας ἢ δειλὴν ἢ ἀνδρείαν πόλιν εἴποι ἀλλʼ ἢ εἰς τοῦτο τὸ μέρος ὃ προπολεμεῖ τε καὶ στρατεύεται ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς; οὐδʼ ἂν εἷς, ἔφη, εἰς ἄλλο τι. οὐ γὰρ οἶμαι, εἶπον, οἵ γε ἄλλοι ἐν αὐτῇ ἢ δειλοὶ ἢ ἀνδρεῖοι ὄντες κύριοι ἂν εἶεν ἢ τοίαν αὐτὴν εἶναι ἢ τοίαν. οὐ γάρ. καὶ ἀνδρεία ἄρα πόλις μέρει τινὶ ἑαυτῆς ἐστι, διὰ τὸ ἐν ἐκείνῳ ἔχειν δύναμιν τοιαύτην ἣ διὰ παντὸς σώσει τὴν περὶ τῶν δεινῶν δόξαν, ταῦτά τε αὐτὰ εἶναι καὶ τοιαῦτα, ἅ τε καὶ οἷα ὁ νομοθέτης παρήγγελλεν ἐν τῇ παιδείᾳ.
"This, then, is one of the four, which we have somehow or other found, both itself and where in the city it is established." "At any rate, to me," he said, "it seems to have been sufficiently found." "But indeed, courage itself and that in which it resides in the city, because of which the city must be called such, is not very difficult to see." "How so?" "Who," I said, "looking to anything else, would call a city cowardly or courageous, except to this part which fights and campaigns on its behalf?" "No one at all," he said, "would look to anything else." "For I do not think," I said, "that the others in it, by being cowardly or courageous, would have the power to make it either this way or that." "Certainly not." "And so a city is courageous by a certain part of itself, because of having in that part a power of such a kind that will preserve through everything the belief about fearful things, namely that they are these very things and of this kind, which the legislator declared in their education.
ἢ οὐ τοῦτο ἀνδρείαν καλεῖς; οὐ πάνυ, ἔφη, ἔμαθον ὃ εἶπες, ἀλλʼ αὖθις εἰπέ. σωτηρίαν ἔγωγʼ, εἶπον, λέγω τινὰ εἶναι τὴν ἀνδρείαν. ποίαν δὴ σωτηρίαν; τὴν τῆς δόξης τῆς ὑπὸ νόμου διὰ τῆς παιδείας γεγονυίας περὶ τῶν δεινῶν ἅ τέ ἐστι καὶ οἷα· διὰ παντὸς δὲ ἔλεγον αὐτῆς σωτηρίαν τὸ ἔν τε λύπαις ὄντα διασῴζεσθαι αὐτὴν καὶ ἐν ἡδοναῖς καὶ ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἐν φόβοις καὶ μὴ ἐκβάλλειν.
Or do you not call this courage?" "I did not quite understand what you said," he said, "but say it again." "I mean," I said, "that courage is a certain kind of preservation." "What kind of preservation?" "That of the belief which has been produced by law through education concerning fearful things, both what they are and of what kind; and by its preservation 'through everything' I meant that one preserves it when one is in pains and in pleasures and in desires and in fears, and does not cast it out.
ᾧ δέ μοι δοκεῖ ὅμοιον εἶναι ἐθέλω ἀπεικάσαι, εἰ βούλει. ἀλλὰ βούλομαι. οὐκοῦν οἶσθα, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ὅτι οἱ βαφῆς, ἐπειδὰν βουληθῶσι βάψαι ἔρια ὥστʼ εἶναι ἁλουργά, πρῶτον μὲν ἐκλέγονται ἐκ τοσούτων χρωμάτων μίαν φύσιν τὴν τῶν λευκῶν, ἔπειτα προπαρασκευάζουσιν, οὐκ ὀλίγῃ παρασκευῇ θεραπεύσαντες ὅπως δέξεται ὅτι μάλιστα τὸ ἄνθος, καὶ οὕτω δὴ βάπτουσι.
And to what it seems to me to be similar, I am willing to liken it, if you wish." "But I do wish." "Do you not know, then," I said, "that dyers, when they wish to dye wool so as to be purple, first of all select from so many colors a single nature, that of white; then they prepare it beforehand, treating it with no little preparation so that it will receive the dye as much as possible, and only then do they dye it?
καὶ ὃ μὲν ἂν τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ βαφῇ, δευσοποιὸν γίγνεται τὸ βαφέν, καὶ ἡ πλύσις οὔτʼ ἄνευ ῥυμμάτων οὔτε μετὰ ῥυμμάτων δύναται αὐτῶν τὸ ἄνθος ἀφαιρεῖσθαι· ἃ δʼ ἂν μή, οἶσθα οἷα δὴ γίγνεται, ἐάντέ τις ἄλλα χρώματα βάπτῃ ἐάντε καὶ ταῦτα μὴ προθεραπεύσας. οἶδα, ἔφη, ὅτι καὶ ἔκπλυτα καὶ γελοῖα.
And that which has been dyed in this way becomes fast-dyed, and washing, whether without soap or with soap, cannot take away its dye; but as for what has not been dyed so, you know what indeed happens, whether someone dyes other colors or even these without preparing them beforehand." "I know," he said, "that they become washed out and ridiculous."