§3.406καὶ μὲν δή, ἔφη, ἄτοπόν γε τὸ πῶμα οὕτως ἔχοντι. οὔκ, εἴ γʼ ἐννοεῖς, εἶπον, ὅτι τῇ παιδαγωγικῇ τῶν νοσημάτων ταύτῃ τῇ νῦν ἰατρικῇ πρὸ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιάδαι οὐκ ἐχρῶντο, ὥς φασι, πρὶν Ἡρόδικον γενέσθαι·
"And indeed," he said, "the drink is strange for someone in that condition." "Not so," I said, "if you consider that before Herodicus, as they say, the Asclepiads did not make use of this modern medicine that coddles diseases.
Ἡρόδικος δὲ παιδοτρίβης ὢν καὶ νοσώδης γενόμενος, μείξας γυμναστικὴν ἰατρικῇ, ἀπέκναισε πρῶτον μὲν καὶ μάλιστα ἑαυτόν, ἔπειτʼ ἄλλους ὕστερον πολλούς. πῇ δή;
For Herodicus, being a trainer and having become sickly, by mixing gymnastics with medicine, wore out first and foremost himself, and then many others later." "In what way?" he asked.
ἔφη. μακρόν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, τὸν θάνατον αὑτῷ ποιήσας.
"By making his death long for himself," I said.
παρακολουθῶν γὰρ τῷ νοσήματι θανασίμῳ ὄντι οὔτε ἰάσασθαι οἶμαι οἷός τʼ ἦν ἑαυτόν, ἐν ἀσχολίᾳ τε πάντων ἰατρευόμενος διὰ βίου ἔζη, ἀποκναιόμενος εἴ τι τῆς εἰωθυίας διαίτης ἐκβαίη, δυσθανατῶν δὲ ὑπὸ σοφίας εἰς γῆρας ἀφίκετο. καλὸν ἄρα τὸ γέρας, ἔφη, τῆς τέχνης ἠνέγκατο. οἷον εἰκός, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, τὸν μὴ εἰδότα ὅτι Ἀσκληπιὸς οὐκ ἀγνοίᾳ οὐδὲ ἀπειρίᾳ τούτου τοῦ εἴδους τῆς ἰατρικῆς τοῖς ἐκγόνοις οὐ κατέδειξεν αὐτό, ἀλλʼ εἰδὼς ὅτι πᾶσι τοῖς εὐνομουμένοις ἔργον τι ἑκάστῳ ἐν τῇ πόλει προστέτακται, ὃ ἀναγκαῖον ἐργάζεσθαι, καὶ οὐδενὶ σχολὴ διὰ βίου κάμνειν ἰατρευομένῳ.
"For by keeping close attendance on his disease, which was fatal, he was not, I think, able to cure himself, but he lived his life through receiving treatment, without leisure for anything else, being worn out if he departed in any way from his customary diet, and, dying hard because of his wisdom, he reached old age." "A fine prize, then," he said, "he carried off from his art." "The sort of prize that is natural," I said, "for one who does not know that Asclepius did not fail to reveal this kind of medicine to his descendants out of ignorance or inexperience, but because he knew that in all well-governed cities a certain work is assigned to each person, which he must perform, and no one has leisure to spend his life being ill and under treatment.
ὃ ἡμεῖς γελοίως ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν δημιουργῶν αἰσθανόμεθα, ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν πλουσίων τε καὶ εὐδαιμόνων δοκούντων εἶναι οὐκ αἰσθανόμεθα. πῶς; ἔφη.
This is what we ridiculously perceive in the case of craftsmen, but do not perceive in the case of the rich and those who seem to be happy." "How so?" he asked.
τέκτων μέν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, κάμνων ἀξιοῖ παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα, ἢ κάτω καθαρθεὶς ἢ καύσει ἢ τομῇ χρησάμενος ἀπηλλάχθαι·
"A carpenter," I said, "when he is ill, expects the physician to give him a drug to drink and vomit up the disease, or to be purged downward, or to get rid of it by cautery or incision.
ἐὰν δέ τις αὐτῷ μακρὰν δίαιταν προστάττῃ, πιλίδιά τε περὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν περιτιθεὶς καὶ τὰ τούτοις ἑπόμενα, ταχὺ εἶπεν ὅτι οὐ σχολὴ κάμνειν οὐδὲ λυσιτελεῖ οὕτω ζῆν, νοσήματι τὸν νοῦν προσέχοντα, τῆς δὲ προκειμένης ἐργασίας ἀμελοῦντα.
But if someone prescribes for him a long diet, putting felt caps on his head and things following from these, he quickly says that he has no leisure to be ill, and that it does not profit him to live in this way, attending to his illness and neglecting his set work.
καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα χαίρειν εἰπὼν τῷ τοιούτῳ ἰατρῷ, εἰς τὴν εἰωθυῖαν δίαιταν ἐμβάς, ὑγιὴς γενόμενος ζῇ τὰ ἑαυτοῦ πράττων· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἱκανὸν ᾖ τὸ σῶμα ὑπενεγκεῖν, τελευτήσας πραγμάτων ἀπηλλάγη. καὶ τῷ τοιούτῳ μέν γʼ, ἔφη, δοκεῖ πρέπειν οὕτω ἰατρικῇ χρῆσθαι. §3.407ἆρα, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ὅτι ἦν τι αὐτῷ ἔργον, ὃ εἰ μὴ πράττοι, οὐκ ἐλυσιτέλει ζῆν; δῆλον, ἔφη.
And after this, bidding farewell to such a physician, he enters upon his customary diet, becomes healthy, and lives doing his own business; but if his body is not able to bear it, he dies and is rid of troubles." "And for such a man, indeed," he said, "it seems fitting to use medicine in this way." "Is it," I said, "because he had a certain work which, if he did not perform it, it was of no profit to live?" "Clearly," he said.
ὁ δὲ δὴ πλούσιος, ὥς φαμεν, οὐδὲν ἔχει τοιοῦτον ἔργον προκείμενον, οὗ ἀναγκαζομένῳ ἀπέχεσθαι ἀβίωτον. οὔκουν δὴ λέγεταί γε. Φωκυλίδου γάρ, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, οὐκ ἀκούεις πῶς φησι δεῖν, ὅταν τῳ ἤδη βίος ᾖ, ἀρετὴν ἀσκεῖν. οἶμαι δέ γε, ἔφη, καὶ πρότερον. μηδέν, εἶπον, περὶ τούτου αὐτῷ μαχώμεθα, ἀλλʼ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς διδάξωμεν πότερον μελετητέον τοῦτο τῷ πλουσίῳ καὶ ἀβίωτον τῷ μὴ μελετῶντι, ἢ νοσοτροφία τεκτονικῇ μὲν καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις τέχναις ἐμπόδιον τῇ προσέξει τοῦ νοῦ, τὸ δὲ Φωκυλίδου παρακέλευμα οὐδὲν ἐμποδίζει. ναὶ μὰ τὸν Δία, ἦ δʼ ὅς. σχεδόν γέ τι πάντων μάλιστα ἥ γε περαιτέρω γυμναστικῆς ἡ περιττὴ αὕτη ἐπιμέλεια τοῦ σώματος· καὶ γὰρ πρὸς οἰκονομίας καὶ πρὸς στρατείας καὶ πρὸς ἑδραίους ἐν πόλει ἀρχὰς δύσκολος.
"But the rich man, as we say, has no such work set before him, from which, if he is compelled to abstain, life is unlivable." "Indeed, at least it is not said so." "For do you not hear," I said, "how Phocylides says that one must, as soon as he has a livelihood, practice virtue?" "I think indeed," he said, "even before that." "Let us not fight with him about this," I said, "but let us teach ourselves whether the rich man must practice this and whether life is unlivable for him if he does not, or whether this nursing of disease is a hindrance to the attention of the mind in carpentry and the other arts, while it does not hinder Phocylides' exhortation." "Yes, by Zeus," he said, "it is a hindrance, almost more than anything, this excessive care of the body that goes beyond gymnastics; for it is troublesome for household management, for military service, and for sedentary offices in the city.
τὸ δὲ δὴ μέγιστον, ὅτι καὶ πρὸς μαθήσεις ἁστινασοῦν καὶ ἐννοήσεις τε καὶ μελέτας πρὸς ἑαυτὸν χαλεπή, κεφαλῆς τινας ἀεὶ διατάσεις καὶ ἰλίγγους ὑποπτεύουσα καὶ αἰτιωμένη ἐκ φιλοσοφίας ἐγγίγνεσθαι, ὥστε, ὅπῃ ταύτῃ ἀρετὴ ἀσκεῖται καὶ δοκιμάζεται, πάντῃ ἐμπόδιος· κάμνειν γὰρ οἴεσθαι ποιεῖ ἀεὶ καὶ ὠδίνοντα μήποτε λήγειν περὶ τοῦ σώματος. εἰκός γε, ἔφη.
And what is greatest, it is difficult for any learning and thoughts and meditation by oneself, always suspecting and blaming headaches and dizznesses as arising from philosophy, so that, wherever virtue is practiced and tested in this way, it is an obstacle in every way; for it makes one always think he is ill and never cease suffering pain concerning his body." "Naturally indeed," he said.
οὐκοῦν ταῦτα γιγνώσκοντα φῶμεν καὶ Ἀσκληπιὸν τοὺς μὲν φύσει τε καὶ διαίτῃ ὑγιεινῶς ἔχοντας τὰ σώματα, νόσημα δέ τι ἀποκεκριμένον ἴσχοντας ἐν αὑτοῖς, τούτοις μὲν καὶ ταύτῃ τῇ ἕξει καταδεῖξαι ἰατρικήν, φαρμάκοις τε καὶ τομαῖς τὰ νοσήματα ἐκβάλλοντα αὐτῶν τὴν εἰωθυῖαν προστάττειν δίαιταν, ἵνα μὴ τὰ πολιτικὰ βλάπτοι, τὰ δʼ εἴσω διὰ παντὸς νενοσηκότα σώματα οὐκ ἐπιχειρεῖν διαίταις κατὰ σμικρὸν ἀπαντλοῦντα καὶ ἐπιχέοντα μακρὸν καὶ κακὸν βίον ἀνθρώπῳ ποιεῖν, καὶ ἔκγονα αὐτῶν, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἕτερα τοιαῦτα φυτεύειν, ἀλλὰ τὸν μὴ δυνάμενον ἐν τῇ καθεστηκυίᾳ περιόδῳ ζῆν μὴ οἴεσθαι δεῖν θεραπεύειν, ὡς οὔτε αὑτῷ οὔτε πόλει λυσιτελῆ; πολιτικόν, ἔφη, λέγεις Ἀσκληπιόν.
"Shall we then say that, knowing these things, Asclepius established medicine for those who, in their bodies, were healthy by nature and diet, but had some specific disease residing in them? For them, and for this condition, he revealed medicine, expelling their diseases with drugs and incisions, while prescribing their customary diet, so that he might not harm civic duties. But for bodies diseased through and through internally, he did not attempt, by drawing off and pouring in little by little through diets, to produce a long and bad life for a human being, and to breed, as is likely, other such offspring. Rather, he thought that one who is not able to live in his established course of life ought not to be treated, as being profitable neither to himself nor to the city?" "A civic-minded Asclepius," he said, "you describe."