§3.404ἆρʼ οὖν ἡ τῶνδε τῶν ἀσκητῶν ἕξις προσήκουσʼ ἂν εἴη τούτοις; ἴσως. ἀλλʼ, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ὑπνώδης αὕτη γέ τις καὶ σφαλερὰ πρὸς ὑγίειαν.
"Would then the condition of these athletes be fitting for them?" "Perhaps." "But," I said, "this is a sleepy sort of condition and slippery for health.
ἢ οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅτι καθεύδουσί τε τὸν βίον καί, ἐὰν σμικρὰ ἐκβῶσιν τῆς τεταγμένης διαίτης, μεγάλα καὶ σφόδρα νοσοῦσιν οὗτοι οἱ ἀσκηταί; ὁρῶ. κομψοτέρας δή τινος, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ἀσκήσεως δεῖ τοῖς πολεμικοῖς ἀθληταῖς, οὕς γε ὥσπερ κύνας ἀγρύπνους τε ἀνάγκη εἶναι καὶ ὅτι μάλιστα ὀξὺ ὁρᾶν καὶ ἀκούειν καὶ πολλὰς μεταβολὰς ἐν ταῖς στρατείαις μεταβάλλοντας ὑδάτων τε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων σίτων καὶ εἱλήσεων καὶ χειμώνων μὴ ἀκροσφαλεῖς εἶναι πρὸς ὑγίειαν. φαίνεταί μοι. ἆρʼ οὖν ἡ βελτίστη γυμναστικὴ ἀδελφή τις ἂν εἴη τῆς ἁπλῆς μουσικῆς ἣν ὀλίγον πρότερον διῇμεν; πῶς λέγεις; ἁπλῆ που καὶ ἐπιεικὴς γυμναστική, καὶ μάλιστα ἡ τῶν περὶ τὸν πόλεμον. πῇ δή; καὶ παρʼ Ὁμήρου, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, τά γε τοιαῦτα μάθοι ἄν τις.
Or do you not see that they sleep their life away, and if they depart even a little from their established diet, these athletes become greatly and violently ill?" "I see it." "Then," I said, "a more refined training is needed for the military athletes, who must be like sleepless dogs and see and hear as sharply as possible, and who, undergoing many changes in their campaigns, of waters and other foods, and of heats and colds, must not be unstable for health." "It seems so to me." "Would then the best gymnastics be a kind of sister to the simple music we described a little earlier?" "How do you mean?" "A simple and decent gymnastics, surely, and especially that of those in war." "In what way?" "Even from Homer," I said, "one could learn such things.
οἶσθα γὰρ ὅτι ἐπὶ στρατιᾶς ἐν ταῖς τῶν ἡρώων ἑστιάσεσιν οὔτε ἰχθύσιν αὐτοὺς ἑστιᾷ, καὶ ταῦτα ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ ἐν Ἑλλησπόντῳ ὄντας, οὔτε ἑφθοῖς κρέασιν ἀλλὰ μόνον ὀπτοῖς, ἃ δὴ μάλιστʼ ἂν εἴη στρατιώταις εὔπορα· πανταχοῦ γὰρ ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν αὐτῷ τῷ πυρὶ χρῆσθαι εὐπορώτερον ἢ ἀγγεῖα συμπεριφέρειν. καὶ μάλα. οὐδὲ μὴν ἡδυσμάτων, ὡς ἐγᾦμαι, Ὅμηρος πώποτε ἐμνήσθη.
For you know that on campaign, in the banquets of the heroes, he does not feast them on fish, and that too when they were by the sea in the Hellespont, nor on boiled meats but only on roast, which indeed would be easiest to obtain for soldiers; for almost everywhere it is easier to use fire itself than to carry vessels around." "Very much so." "And indeed, Homer never mentioned seasonings, I think.
ἢ τοῦτο μὲν καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἀσκηταὶ ἴσασιν, ὅτι τῷ μέλλοντι σώματι εὖ ἕξειν ἀφεκτέον τῶν τοιούτων ἁπάντων; καὶ ὀρθῶς γε, ἔφη, ἴσασί τε καὶ ἀπέχονται. Συρακοσίαν δέ, ὦ φίλε, τράπεζαν καὶ Σικελικὴν ποικιλίαν ὄψου, ὡς ἔοικας, οὐκ αἰνεῖς, εἴπερ σοι ταῦτα δοκεῖ ὀρθῶς ἔχειν. οὔ μοι δοκῶ. ψέγεις ἄρα καὶ Κορινθίαν κόρην φίλην εἶναι ἀνδράσιν μέλλουσιν εὖ σώματος ἕξειν. παντάπασι μὲν οὖν. οὐκοῦν καὶ Ἀττικῶν πεμμάτων τὰς δοκούσας εἶναι εὐπαθείας; ἀνάγκη. ὅλην γὰρ οἶμαι τὴν τοιαύτην σίτησιν καὶ δίαιταν τῇ μελοποιίᾳ τε καὶ ᾠδῇ τῇ ἐν τῷ παναρμονίῳ καὶ ἐν πᾶσι ῥυθμοῖς πεποιημένῃ ἀπεικάζοντες ὀρθῶς ἂν ἀπεικάζοιμεν. πῶς γὰρ οὔ; οὐκοῦν ἐκεῖ μὲν ἀκολασίαν ἡ ποικιλία ἐνέτικτεν, ἐνταῦθα δὲ νόσον, ἡ δὲ ἁπλότης κατὰ μὲν μουσικὴν ἐν ψυχαῖς σωφροσύνην, κατὰ δὲ γυμναστικὴν ἐν σώμασιν ὑγίειαν; ἀληθέστατα, ἔφη.
Or do even the other athletes know this, that one who is to keep his body in good condition must abstain from all such things?" "And rightly indeed," he said, "they know it and abstain." "But a Syracusan table, my friend, and a Sicilian variety of food, as it seems, you do not praise, if these things seem correct to you." "I think not." "Then you also blame a Corinthian girl being dear to men who are to keep their bodies in good condition." "By all means." "And then also the reputed pleasures of Attic pastries?" "Necessarily." "For I think we would be comparing correctly if we compared all such food and diet to the melody and song made in the panharmonic and in all rhythms." "How could we not?" "Therefore, did not variety breed licentiousness there, but disease here, while simplicity in music breeds temperance in souls, and in gymnastics, health in bodies?" "Most true," he said.
§3.405ἀκολασίας δὲ καὶ νόσων πληθυουσῶν ἐν πόλει ἆρʼ οὐ δικαστήριά τε καὶ ἰατρεῖα πολλὰ ἀνοίγεται, καὶ δικανική τε καὶ ἰατρικὴ σεμνύνονται, ὅταν δὴ καὶ ἐλεύθεροι πολλοὶ καὶ σφόδρα περὶ αὐτὰ σπουδάζωσιν; τί γὰρ οὐ μέλλει; τῆς δὲ κακῆς τε καὶ αἰσχρᾶς παιδείας ἐν πόλει ἆρα μή τι μεῖζον ἕξεις λαβεῖν τεκμήριον ἢ τὸ δεῖσθαι ἰατρῶν καὶ δικαστῶν ἄκρων μὴ μόνον τοὺς φαύλους τε καὶ χειροτέχνας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἐν ἐλευθέρῳ σχήματι προσποιουμένους τεθράφθαι; ἢ οὐκ αἰσχρὸν δοκεῖ καὶ ἀπαιδευσίας μέγα τεκμήριον τὸ ἐπακτῷ παρʼ ἄλλων, ὡς δεσποτῶν τε καὶ κριτῶν, τῷ δικαίῳ ἀναγκάζεσθαι χρῆσθαι, καὶ ἀπορίᾳ οἰκείων; πάντων μὲν οὖν, ἔφη, αἴσχιστον. ἦ δοκεῖ σοι, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, τούτου αἴσχιον εἶναι τοῦτο, ὅταν δή τις μὴ μόνον τὸ πολὺ τοῦ βίου ἐν δικαστηρίοις φεύγων τε καὶ διώκων κατατρίβηται, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὸ ἀπειροκαλίας ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δὴ τούτῳ πεισθῇ καλλωπίζεσθαι, ὡς δεινὸς ὢν περὶ τὸ ἀδικεῖν καὶ ἱκανὸς πάσας μὲν στροφὰς στρέφεσθαι, πάσας δὲ διεξόδους διεξελθὼν ἀποστραφῆναι λυγιζόμενος, ὥστε μὴ παρασχεῖν δίκην, καὶ ταῦτα σμικρῶν τε καὶ οὐδενὸς ἀξίων ἕνεκα, ἀγνοῶν ὅσῳ κάλλιον καὶ ἄμεινον τὸ παρασκευάζειν τὸν βίον αὑτῷ μηδὲν δεῖσθαι νυστάζοντος δικαστοῦ; οὔκ, ἀλλὰ τοῦτʼ, ἔφη, ἐκείνου ἔτι αἴσχιον. τὸ δὲ ἰατρικῆς, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, δεῖσθαι ὅτι μὴ τραυμάτων ἕνεκα ἤ τινων ἐπετείων νοσημάτων ἐπιπεσόντων, ἀλλὰ διʼ ἀργίαν τε καὶ δίαιταν οἵαν διήλθομεν, ῥευμάτων τε καὶ πνευμάτων ὥσπερ λίμνας ἐμπιμπλαμένους φύσας τε καὶ κατάρρους νοσήμασιν ὀνόματα τίθεσθαι ἀναγκάζειν τοὺς κομψοὺς Ἀσκληπιάδας, οὐκ αἰσχρὸν δοκεῖ; καὶ μάλʼ, ἔφη· ὡς ἀληθῶς καινὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἄτοπα νοσημάτων ὀνόματα. οἷα, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ὡς οἶμαι, οὐκ ἦν ἐπʼ Ἀσκληπιοῦ.
"When licentiousness and diseases multiply in a city, are not many courts and clinics opened, and do not law and medicine give themselves airs, when indeed many free men also take them very seriously?" "Why should they not?" "And of bad and shameful education in a city, will you have any greater proof to take than that not only the base and craftsmen, but also those who pretend to have been reared in the fashion of free men, stand in need of first-rate physicians and judges?" "Or does it not seem shameful and a great proof of lack of education to be compelled to use a justice imported from others, as if they were masters and arbiters, for lack of one's own?" "Of all things," he said, "the most shameful." "Does it then seem to you," I said, "shamefuler than this when someone not only wastes the greater part of his life in courts as defendant and plaintiff, but also, through lack of taste, is persuaded to pride himself on this very thing, as if he were clever about doing injustice and capable of twisting through all turnings, and escaping by wriggiling through every passage so as not to pay penalty, and that too for the sake of small and worthless things, ignorant of how much more beautiful and better it is to arrange his life so as to have no need of a nodding judge?" "No," he said, "but this is still more shameful than that." "And to stand in need of medicine," I said, "not because of wounds or some seasonal diseases attacking, but because of idleness and such diet as we described, being filled with rheums and winds like lakes, and compelling the clever sons of Asclepius to give names to winds and catarrhs as diseases, does this not seem shameful?" "Very much so," he said, "these are truly new and strange names of diseases." "Such as," I said, "I think, did not exist in the time of Asclepius.
τεκμαίρομαι δέ, ὅτι αὐτοῦ οἱ ὑεῖς ἐν Τροίᾳ Εὐρυπύλῳ τετρωμένῳ ἐπʼ οἶνον Πράμνειον ἄλφιτα πολλὰ ἐπιπασθέντα καὶ τυρὸν ἐπιξυσθέντα, ἃ δὴ δοκεῖ φλεγματώδη εἶναι, οὐκ ἐμέμψαντο τῇ δούσῃ πιεῖν, οὐδὲ Πατρόκλῳ τῷ ἰωμένῳ ἐπετίμησαν.
And I infer this because at Troy his sons did not find fault with the woman who gave to the wounded Eurypylus Pramnian wine with much barley sprinkled and cheese grated upon it, which indeed seem to produce phlegm, nor did they rebuke Patroclus who was healing him."