§3.397οὐκοῦν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ὁ μὴ τοιοῦτος αὖ, ὅσῳ ἂν φαυλότερος ᾖ, πάντα τε μᾶλλον διηγήσεται καὶ οὐδὲν ἑαυτοῦ ἀνάξιον οἰήσεται εἶναι, ὥστε πάντα ἐπιχειρήσει μιμεῖσθαι σπουδῇ τε καὶ ἐναντίον πολλῶν, καὶ ἃ νυνδὴ ἐλέγομεν, βροντάς τε καὶ ψόφους ἀνέμων τε καὶ χαλαζῶν καὶ ἀξόνων τε καὶ τροχιλιῶν, καὶ σαλπίγγων καὶ αὐλῶν καὶ συρίγγων καὶ πάντων ὀργάνων φωνάς, καὶ ἔτι κυνῶν καὶ προβάτων καὶ ὀρνέων φθόγγους·
"Then," I said, "the man who is not of this sort, the more inferior he is, the more he will narrate everything and will think nothing is unworthy of himself, so that he will attempt to imitate everything seriously and in front of many people, even those things we were just now mentioning: thunders and noises of winds and of hailstorms, and of axles and pulleys, and the voices of trumpets and flutes and panpipes and of all instruments, and furthermore the cries of dogs and sheep and birds.
καὶ ἔσται δὴ ἡ τούτου λέξις ἅπασα διὰ μιμήσεως φωναῖς τε καὶ σχήμασιν, ἢ σμικρόν τι διηγήσεως ἔχουσα; ἀνάγκη, ἔφη, καὶ τοῦτο. ταῦτα τοίνυν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ἔλεγον τὰ δύο εἴδη τῆς λέξεως. καὶ γὰρ ἔστιν, ἔφη.
And will his speech then be entirely through imitation in voices and gestures, or containing only a small portion of narrative?" "Of necessity," he said, "this too must be so." "These then," I said, "were the two kinds of speech I was speaking of." "Indeed they are," he said.
οὐκοῦν αὐτοῖν τὸ μὲν σμικρὰς τὰς μεταβολὰς ἔχει, καὶ ἐάν τις ἀποδιδῷ πρέπουσαν ἁρμονίαν καὶ ῥυθμὸν τῇ λέξει, ὀλίγου πρὸς τὴν αὐτὴν γίγνεται λέγειν τῷ ὀρθῶς λέγοντι καὶ ἐν μιᾷ ἁρμονίᾳ—σμικραὶ γὰρ αἱ μεταβολαί—καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐν ῥυθμῷ ὡσαύτως παραπλησίῳ τινί; κομιδῇ μὲν οὖν, ἔφη, οὕτως ἔχει. τί δὲ τὸ τοῦ ἑτέρου εἶδος;
"Then of the two, does not the one have small changes, and if one renders the appropriate harmony and rhythm to the speech, it becomes possible for the one who speaks correctly to speak almost in the same harmony—for the changes are small—and indeed in a rhythm of a likewise similar kind?" "By all means, indeed," he said, "it is so." "But what of the other kind?
οὐ τῶν ἐναντίων δεῖται, πασῶν μὲν ἁρμονιῶν, πάντων δὲ ῥυθμῶν, εἰ μέλλει αὖ οἰκείως λέγεσθαι, διὰ τὸ παντοδαπὰς μορφὰς τῶν μεταβολῶν ἔχειν; καὶ σφόδρα γε οὕτως ἔχει. ἆρʼ οὖν πάντες οἱ ποιηταὶ καὶ οἵ τι λέγοντες ἢ τῷ ἑτέρῳ τούτων ἐπιτυγχάνουσιν τύπῳ τῆς λέξεως ἢ τῷ ἑτέρῳ ἢ ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τινὶ συγκεραννύντες; ἀνάγκη, ἔφη.
Does it not need the opposite—all harmonies and all rhythms, if it in turn is to be spoken appropriately, because of having all kinds of forms of changes?" "And very much so indeed, it is so." "Do then all the poets and those who speak anything hit upon either the one of these types of speech or the other, or do they mix something from both?" "Of necessity," he said.
τί οὖν ποιήσομεν; ἦν δʼ ἐγώ· πότερον εἰς τὴν πόλιν πάντας τούτους παραδεξόμεθα ἢ τῶν ἀκράτων τὸν ἕτερον ἢ τὸν κεκραμένον; ἐὰν ἡ ἐμή, ἔφη, νικᾷ, τὸν τοῦ ἐπιεικοῦς μιμητὴν ἄκρατον. ἀλλὰ μήν, ὦ Ἀδείμαντε, ἡδύς γε καὶ ὁ κεκραμένος, πολὺ δὲ ἥδιστος παισί τε καὶ παιδαγωγοῖς ὁ ἐναντίος οὗ σὺ αἱρῇ καὶ τῷ πλείστῳ ὄχλῳ. ἥδιστος γάρ. ἀλλʼ ἴσως, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, οὐκ ἂν αὐτὸν ἁρμόττειν φαίης τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ πολιτείᾳ, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν διπλοῦς ἀνὴρ παρʼ ἡμῖν οὐδὲ πολλαπλοῦς, ἐπειδὴ ἕκαστος ἓν πράττει. οὐ γὰρ οὖν ἁρμόττει. οὐκοῦν διὰ ταῦτα ἐν μόνῃ τῇ τοιαύτῃ πόλει τόν τε σκυτοτόμον σκυτοτόμον εὑρήσομεν καὶ οὐ κυβερνήτην πρὸς τῇ σκυτοτομίᾳ, καὶ τὸν γεωργὸν γεωργὸν καὶ οὐ δικαστὴν πρὸς τῇ γεωργίᾳ, καὶ τὸν πολεμικὸν πολεμικὸν καὶ οὐ χρηματιστὴν πρὸς τῇ πολεμικῇ, καὶ πάντας οὕτω; ἀληθῆ, ἔφη.
"What then shall we do?" I said; "shall we receive all of these into the city, or either one of the unmixed, or the mixed?" "If my opinion wins," he said, "the unmixed imitator of the decent man." "But indeed, Adeimantus, the mixed is also pleasant, and by far the most pleasant to children and their tutors, and to the greatest crowd, is the opposite of the one you choose." "For it is the most pleasant." "But perhaps," I said, "you would say that he does not fit our constitution, because there is no double man among us, nor multiple, since each practices one thing." "No, indeed, he does not fit." "Therefore, is it for these reasons that only in such a city shall we find the shoemaker to be a shoemaker and not a pilot in addition to shoemaking, and the farmer to be a farmer and not a judge in addition to farming, and the soldier to be a soldier and not a money-maker in addition to soldiering, and all in this way?" "True," he said.