§535ΙΩΝ. ναὶ μὰ τὸν Δία, ἔμοιγε· ἅπτει γάρ πώς μου τοῖς λόγοις τῆς ψυχῆς, ὦ Σώκρατες, καί μοι δοκοῦσι θείᾳ μοίρᾳ ἡμῖν παρὰ τῶν θεῶν ταῦτα οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ποιηταὶ ἑρμηνεύειν.
ION: Yes, by Zeus, to me indeed; for you touch my soul somehow with your words, Socrates, and those good poets seem to me to interpret these things to us from the gods by divine dispensation.
ΣΩ. οὐκοῦν ὑμεῖς αὖ οἱ ῥαψῳδοὶ τὰ τῶν ποιητῶν ἑρμηνεύετε;
SOC: And do you rhapsodes in turn interpret the works of the poets?
ΙΩΝ. καὶ τοῦτο ἀληθὲς λέγεις.
ION: That too you say truly.
ΣΩ. οὐκοῦν ἑρμηνέων ἑρμηνῆς γίγνεσθε;
SOC: Then you become interpreters of interpreters?
ΙΩΝ. παντάπασί γε.
ION: Absolutely.
ΣΩ. ἔχε δή μοι τόδε εἰπέ, ὦ Ἴων, καὶ μὴ ἀποκρύψῃ ὅτι ἄν σε ἔρωμαι· ὅταν εὖ εἴπῃς ἔπη καὶ ἐκπλήξῃς μάλιστα τοὺς θεωμένους, ἢ τὸν Ὀδυσσέα ὅταν ἐπὶ τὸν οὐδὸν ἐφαλλόμενον ᾁδῃς, ἐκφανῆ γιγνόμενον τοῖς μνηστῆρσι καὶ ἐκχέοντα τοὺς ὀιστοὺς πρὸ τῶν ποδῶν, ἢ Ἀχιλλέα ἐπὶ τὸν Ἕκτορα ὁρμῶντα, ἢ καὶ τῶν περὶ Ἀνδρομάχην ἐλεινῶν τι ἢ περὶ Ἑκάβην ἢ περὶ Πρίαμον, τότε πότερον ἔμφρων εἶ ἢ ἔξω σαυτοῦ γίγνῃ καὶ παρὰ τοῖς πράγμασιν οἴεταί σου εἶναι ἡ ψυχὴ οἷς λέγεις ἐνθουσιάζουσα, ἢ ἐν Ἰθάκῃ οὖσιν ἢ ἐν Τροίᾳ ἢ ὅπως ἂν καὶ τὰ ἔπη ἔχῃ;
SOC: Hold on then, tell me this, Ion, and do not hide from me what I ask you: when you recite epic poetry well and stun the spectators most, either when you sing of Odysseus leaping onto the threshold, becoming manifest to the suitors and pouring out his arrows before his feet, or Achilles rushing upon Hector, or something of the pitiable things about Andromache, or Hecuba, or Priam, then are you in your right mind, or are you beside yourself, and does your soul think it is present at the events of which you speak, in its inspiration, whether they are in Ithaca or in Troy, or however the verses have it?
ΙΩΝ. ὡς ἐναργές μοι τοῦτο, ὦ Σώκρατες, τὸ τεκμήριον εἶπες·
ION: How vivid is this proof you have spoken, Socrates!
οὐ γάρ σε ἀποκρυψάμενος ἐρῶ.
For I will tell you without hiding it.
ἐγὼ γὰρ ὅταν ἐλεινόν τι λέγω, δακρύων ἐμπίμπλανταί μου οἱ ὀφθαλμοί· ὅταν τε φοβερὸν ἢ δεινόν, ὀρθαὶ αἱ τρίχες ἵστανται ὑπὸ φόβου καὶ ἡ καρδία πηδᾷ.
When I speak of something pitiable, my eyes are filled with tears; and when it is fearful or terrible, my hair stands on end from fear and my heart leaps.
ΣΩ. τί οὖν;
SOC: What then?
φῶμεν, ὦ Ἴων, ἔμφρονα εἶναι τότε τοῦτον τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ὃς ἂν κεκοσμημένος ἐσθῆτι ποικίλῃ καὶ χρυσοῖσι στεφάνοις κλάῃ τʼ ἐν θυσίαις καὶ ἑορταῖς, μηδὲν ἀπολωλεκὼς τούτων, ἢ φοβῆται πλέον ἢ ἐν δισμυρίοις ἀνθρώποις ἑστηκὼς φιλίοις, μηδενὸς ἀποδύοντος μηδὲ ἀδικοῦντος;
Shall we say, Ion, that this man is in his right mind at that moment, who, adorned in variegated clothing and golden crowns, weeps at sacrifices and festivals, having lost none of these things, or is terrified when standing among more than twenty thousand friendly people, with no one stripping him or doing him wrong?
ΙΩΝ. οὐ μὰ τὸν Δία, οὐ πάνυ, ὦ Σώκρατες, ὥς γε τἀληθὲς εἰρῆσθαι.
ION: No, by Zeus, not at all, Socrates, to say the truth.
ΣΩ. οἶσθα οὖν ὅτι καὶ τῶν θεατῶν τοὺς πολλοὺς ταὐτὰ ταῦτα ὑμεῖς ἐργάζεσθε;
SOC: Do you know then that you also produce these same effects in most of the spectators?
ΙΩΝ. καὶ μάλα καλῶς οἶδα· καθορῶ γὰρ ἑκάστοτε αὐτοὺς ἄνωθεν ἀπὸ τοῦ βήματος κλάοντάς τε καὶ δεινὸν ἐμβλέποντας καὶ συνθαμβοῦντας τοῖς λεγομένοις.
ION: I know it very well indeed; for I look down on them each time from the platform, weeping and looking terrified and sharing the amazement at what is said.
δεῖ γάρ με καὶ σφόδρʼ αὐτοῖς τὸν νοῦν προσέχειν· ὡς ἐὰν μὲν κλάοντας αὐτοὺς καθίσω, αὐτὸς γελάσομαι ἀργύριον λαμβάνων, ἐὰν δὲ γελῶντας, αὐτὸς κλαύσομαι ἀργύριον ἀπολλύς.
For I must pay very close attention to them: since if I set them weeping, I myself shall laugh when receiving money, but if I set them laughing, I myself shall weep when losing money.
§536ΣΩ. οἶσθα οὖν ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ θεατὴς τῶν δακτυλίων ὁ ἔσχατος, ὧν ἐγὼ ἔλεγον ὑπὸ τῆς Ἡρακλειώτιδος λίθου ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων τὴν δύναμιν λαμβάνειν;
SOC: Do you know then that this spectator is the last of the rings, which I said receive their power from one another by the Heraclean stone?
ὁ δὲ μέσος σὺ ὁ ῥαψῳδὸς καὶ ὑποκριτής, ὁ δὲ πρῶτος αὐτὸς ὁ ποιητής· ὁ δὲ θεὸς διὰ πάντων τούτων ἕλκει τὴν ψυχὴν ὅποι ἂν βούληται τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἀνακρεμαννὺς ἐξ ἀλλήλων τὴν δύναμιν.
And the middle one is you, the rhapsode and actor, and the first is the poet himself; and the god through all of these draws the soul of men wherever he wishes, hanging their power one from another.
καὶ ὥσπερ ἐκ τῆς λίθου ἐκείνης ὁρμαθὸς πάμπολυς ἐξήρτηται χορευτῶν τε καὶ διδασκάλων καὶ ὑποδιδασκάλων, ἐκ πλαγίου ἐξηρτημένων τῶν τῆς Μούσης ἐκκρεμαμένων δακτυλίων.
And just as from that stone a very large chain of dancers and teachers and under-teachers is suspended, hanging from the side of the rings suspended from the Muse.
καὶ ὁ μὲν τῶν ποιητῶν ἐξ ἄλλης Μούσης, ὁ δὲ ἐξ ἄλλης ἐξήρτηται—ὀνομάζομεν δὲ αὐτὸ κατέχεται, τὸ δέ ἐστι παραπλήσιον· ἔχεται γάρ—ἐκ δὲ τούτων τῶν πρώτων δακτυλίων, τῶν ποιητῶν, ἄλλοι ἐξ ἄλλου αὖ ἠρτημένοι εἰσὶ καὶ ἐνθουσιάζουσιν, οἱ μὲν ἐξ Ὀρφέως, οἱ δὲ ἐκ Μουσαίου· οἱ δὲ πολλοὶ ἐξ Ὁμήρου κατέχονταί τε καὶ ἔχονται.
And one of the poets is suspended from one Muse, another from another—we call it "possessed" (katēchetai), and that is near to it: for he is held (echetai)—and from these first rings, the poets, others in turn are suspended from one or another and are inspired, some from Orpheus, others from Musaeus; but the majority are possessed and held by Homer.
ὧν σύ, ὦ Ἴων, εἷς εἶ καὶ κατέχῃ ἐξ Ὁμήρου, καὶ ἐπειδὰν μέν τις ἄλλου του ποιητοῦ ᾁδῃ, καθεύδεις τε καὶ ἀπορεῖς ὅτι λέγῃς, ἐπειδὰν δὲ τούτου τοῦ ποιητοῦ φθέγξηταί τις μέλος, εὐθὺς ἐγρήγορας καὶ ὀρχεῖταί σου ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ εὐπορεῖς ὅτι λέγῃς· οὐ γὰρ τέχνῃ οὐδʼ ἐπιστήμῃ περὶ Ὁμήρου λέγεις ἃ λέγεις, ἀλλὰ θείᾳ μοίρᾳ καὶ κατοκωχῇ, ὥσπερ οἱ κορυβαντιῶντες ἐκείνου μόνου αἰσθάνονται τοῦ μέλους ὀξέως ὃ ἂν ᾖ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐξ ὅτου ἂν κατέχωνται, καὶ εἰς ἐκεῖνο τὸ μέλος καὶ σχημάτων καὶ ῥημάτων εὐποροῦσι, τῶν δὲ ἄλλων οὐ φροντίζουσιν· οὕτω καὶ σύ, ὦ Ἴων, περὶ μὲν Ὁμήρου ὅταν τις μνησθῇ, εὐπορεῖς, περὶ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων ἀπορεῖς·
Of whom you, Ion, are one and are possessed by Homer, and when anyone sings of any other poet, you fall asleep and are at a loss for what to say, but when anyone utters a song of this poet, you are immediately awake and your soul dances and you have plenty to say; for it is not by art or knowledge that you say what you say about Homer, but by divine dispensation and possession, just as the Corybantes are keenly aware only of that song which belongs to the god by whom they are possessed, and for that song they have plenty of gestures and words, but pay no attention to others; so too you, Ion, when anyone mentions Homer, you have plenty to say, but about others you are at a loss.
τούτου δʼ ἐστὶ τὸ αἴτιον, ὅ μʼ ἐρωτᾷς, διʼ ὅτι σὺ περὶ μὲν Ὁμήρου εὐπορεῖς, περὶ δὲ τῶν ἄλλων οὔ, ὅτι οὐ τέχνῃ ἀλλὰ θείᾳ μοίρᾳ Ὁμήρου δεινὸς εἶ ἐπαινέτης.
And the cause of this, which you ask me, why you have plenty to say about Homer but not about others, is that it is not by art but by divine dispensation that you are a powerful praiser of Homer.
ΙΩΝ. σὺ μὲν εὖ λέγεις, ὦ Σώκρατες· θαυμάζοιμι μεντἂν εἰ οὕτως εὖ εἴποις, ὥστε με ἀναπεῖσαι ὡς ἐγὼ κατεχόμενος καὶ μαινόμενος Ὅμηρον ἐπαινῶ.
ION: You speak well, Socrates; yet I should wonder if you could speak so well as to convince me that I praise Homer while possessed and mad.
οἶμαι δὲ οὐδʼ ἂν σοὶ δόξαιμι, εἴ μου ἀκούσαις λέγοντος περὶ Ὁμήρου.
And I do not think I would seem so even to you, if you were to hear me speaking about Homer.
ΣΩ. καὶ μὴν ἐθέλω γε ἀκοῦσαι, οὐ μέντοι πρότερον πρὶν ἄν μοι ἀποκρίνῃ τόδε· ὧν Ὅμηρος λέγει περὶ τίνος εὖ λέγεις;
SOC: And indeed I want to hear you, but not before you answer me this: of the things Homer says, about which do you speak well?
οὐ γὰρ δήπου περὶ ἁπάντων γε.
For surely not about all of them.
ΙΩΝ. εὖ ἴσθι, ὦ Σώκρατες, περὶ οὐδενὸς ὅτου οὔ.
ION: Be well assured, Socrates, there is nothing about which I do not.
ΣΩ. οὐ δήπου καὶ περὶ τούτων ὧν σὺ μὲν τυγχάνεις οὐκ εἰδώς, Ὅμηρος δὲ λέγει.
SOC: Surely not also about those things of which you happen to be ignorant, but which Homer speaks of?
ΙΩΝ. καὶ ταῦτα ποῖά ἐστιν ἃ Ὅμηρος μὲν λέγει, ἐγὼ δὲ οὐκ οἶδα;
ION: And what kind of things are these which Homer speaks of, but I do not know?